高三一轮复习专题十一特殊句式法讲解与练习无答案语文.docx
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高三一轮复习专题十一特殊句式法讲解与练习无答案语文
专题十一特殊句式
考点聚焦
1、强调句
陈述句型:
Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who...
一般疑问句式:
Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who...
疑问句式:
特殊疑问词(被强调部分)is/wasitthat/who...?
Itis/was+notuntil...+that/who
使用助动词do/does/did强调
Eg:
ItwasintheparkthatTomlosthiswatch.
Itwashimthat/whowemetattheschoolgate.
Wasityesterdaythatyoumetyouroldfriendinthesupermarket?
Wasitin1939thattheSecondWorldWarbrokeout.
Whowasitthatbrokethewindow?
Whatisitthatyouwantmetodo?
Itwasnotuntiltenteno’clockthathewenttobed.
Dobecareful!
Hedoesenjoydrawing.
2、倒装
1、全部倒装
方位名词、副词或介词短语位于句首
such位于句首
Eg:
HerecomesthetraintoBeijing.
Ontopofthemountainstandsanancienttemple.
SuchwasAlbertEinstein.
2、部分倒装
1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句
Eg:
OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.
Onlyafterthewarlearnedhethesadnews.(×)
Onlyafterthewardidhelearnthesadnews.(√)
Onlywhendidhereturndidwefindoutthetruth.(×)
Onlywhenhereturneddidhefindoutthetruth.(√)
Onlycanheanswerthequestion.(×)
Onlyhecananswerthequestion.(√)
2)表否定意义的副词和介词短语位于句首
Eg:
SeldominmylifehaveImetsodeterminedaperson.
Atnotimeshouldyoutouchitorgetithurt.
NotonlydoIenjoylesssparetime,butIfindmyselfevenbusierthanbefore.
Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhenhisfather.
Nosoonerhadsheseenhimthanshesmiled.
3)虚拟条件句中如果有were/had/should,省略if时,were/had/should要提到主语之前。
Eg:
Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpme.
4)as,though引导让步状语从句,要用倒装。
Eg:
Tiredas/thoughitseems,itistrue.
Tryashemight,hedidn’tpasstheexam.
5)so,neither,nor置于句首
Eg:
Wesawthefilmlastweek.Sodidthey.
Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Neitherhashe.
3、反意疑问句(前肯后否,前否后肯)
1、陈述部分含有must,反意疑问句部分用needn’t;
当含有mustn’t时,反意疑问句部分用must/may
Eg:
Youmustgonow,needn’tyou?
Youmustn’tsmokehere,must/mayyou?
2、陈述部分含有usedto,反意疑问句部分用usedn’t或didn’t
Eg:
Youusedtosleepwiththewindowsopen,usedn’t/didn’tyou?
3、陈述部分含有oughtto,反意疑问句部分用oughtn’t/shouldn’t
Eg:
Heoughttoattendthelecture,oughtn’t/shouldn’the?
4、陈述部分带有宾语从句,疑问部分与主句保持一致
陈述部分的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,imagine时:
①主语是第一人称时,疑问部分与宾语从句主谓保持一致
②主语是第二、三人称时,疑问部分与主句保持一致
Eg:
Shesaidthathewouldcometomybirthdayparty,didn’the?
Idon’tbelievehewillsucceed,willhe?
Tomdoesn’tbelieveJanewillsucceed,doeshe?
5、陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词(seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing...),疑问部分用肯定。
Eg:
Hecouldhardlywalkwithoutastick,couldhe?
注:
陈述部分含有表“否定”意义的前缀构成的词,反意疑问部分一般用否定式。
Eg:
Tomdislikesplayingtennis,doesn’the?
6、附加问句的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称、数上保持一致的几种情况:
陈述部分主语
附加问句主语
例句
one(指人)
one/he
Onecan’tbecareful,canhe/one?
this/that/these/those
it/they
Thisisn’tafasttrain,isit?
everything/anything..
it
Nothinghappenedtohim,didit?
everybody/everyone..
he/they
Nobodylikestobelaughedat,doeshe/dothey?
不定式、动名词、短语
it
LearningEnglishwellwilltakeusalotoftime,doesn’tit?
therebe句型
there
Therewillberaintomorrow,won’tthere?
7、祈使句的反意疑问句
否定祈使句,+willyou?
肯定祈使句,+will/won’tyou?
Let’s...,+shallwe?
Letus...,+will/won’tyou?
Let+第三人称...,+willyou?
Eg:
Openthedoor,will/won’tyou?
Let’sgooutforawalk,shallwe?
Letusgohomenow,will/won’tyou?
4、主谓一致
1、主谓一致的三条原则
语法一致eg:
Ahouseisananimal.
意义一致eg:
Fivemilesisnotalongdistance.
就近一致eg:
NeithermywifenorIaminterestedinliterature.
2、谓语用单数的情况
1)eitherof,neitherof,oneof,eachof,everyoneof+复数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
Eg:
Neitheroftheanswersisright.
Everyoneofthestudentshasabookinhand.
2)neither/either/every/each/morethanone/manya+单数名词作主语,用and连接的单数名词作主语,前面有each,every,manya,no等,谓语动词用单数,如果是复数主语加each,谓语仍用复数。
Eg:
Noteacherandnostudentisadmitted.
Theoldworkerandtheyoungeachhavetheirowntools.
3)some,any,no,every与body,one,thing构成的复合不定代词作主语,谓语用单数。
Eg:
Nobody/noonewaslateforthemeeting.
Everythinggoeswellwithus.
4)抽象名词、物质名词、不定式、动名词、主语从句充当主语,谓语用单数。
Eg:
TostudyFrenchwellisnoteasy.Sellingfakemedicineisunlawful.
Thatheisbrightisknowntousall.
5)thevarietyof,thenumberof,apairof,anamountof,theamountof,aquantityof(+不可数名词)作主语,谓语用单数。
Eg:
Thenumberofvisitorsisincreasing.
Thetotalamountofmoneyis50dollars.
6)由and连接的两个名词(指同一人、同一物时)作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Eg:
Breadandbutteriswholesomefood.
Thesecretaryandmanagerisworkinginhisofficenow.
7)aportionof/aseriesof/aspeciesof+复数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
Eg:
Alargeportionoftheagriculturalproductsismadeinthisprovince.
Aseriesofrainydaysoftenspoilsoursummervacation.
8)表示重量、度量、衡量、价值的复数名词作主语被看做一个整体。
Eg:
FivehundreddollarsismorethanIcanafford.
Twentymilesseemslikealongwalktomylife.
2、谓语动词用复数的情况
1)afew,both,few,bothof作主语
Eg:
Bothofthemhaveagreedwithme.
Fewofmyfriendswerethere.
2)and,both...and连接两个并列主语指不同的人或物时
Eg:
MyfriendandtheclassmateJaneareintheclassroom.
3)the+形容词表示一类可数的人或物时,谓语用复数形式。
Eg:
Theagedaretobetakencareof.
Theunemployedinthiscityhavebeenofferedjobsnow.
4)agroupof,avarietyof,anumberof,themajorityof+复数名词作主语,谓语用复数
Eg:
Themajorityofhisbooksaresoldinthisstore.
3、谓语动词视具体情况而定:
1)or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso连接的并列主语,动词一般根据就近一致。
Eg:
Mytwoolderbrothersormyyoungsisterislikelytobeathome.
Neitherthepricesnorthequalityhaschanged.
2)“名词+with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,ratherthan,asmuchas,but,except等+名词”结构作主语,谓语动词的单复数跟第一个名词保持一致。
Eg:
Tomaswellastwoofhisfriendswasinvitedtotheparty.
John,alongwithtwentyfriendsisplanningaparty.
3)集体名词family,people,police,team,group,public等作主语时,要根据主语所指的意义而定,做整体看时用单数,做个体或成员讲时用复数。
Eg:
Theclassconsistsoftwenty-fiveboysandtwentygirls.
Theclassaredoingexperiment.
4)mostof,noneof,allof,plentyof,someof,halfof,therestof,enoughof,thelastof,partof等所修饰的词的单复数以及可数不可数,来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
Eg:
Therestofthequestionsarenotdifficult.
Halfofthemoneyismine.
5)由“kind(form,type,sort,portion,series)of”,其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数。
Eg:
Thisnewtypeofbusesisnowonshow.
Allkindsofdifficultieshavetobeovercome.
6)分数或百分数+of+名词,谓语动词的单数与名词保持一致。
Eg:
Three-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.
Over60percentoftheteachersherearewomen.
7)therebe句型中的主谓一致
Eg:
Thereisavaseonthetable.
Therewerealotoftelephonecallsyesterday.
8)强调句、定语从句中主谓一致
Eg:
ItisIwhoamtoblame.
HeisoneofmystudentswhohasbeentoGermany.
HeistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhohasbeentoGermany.
※真题演练
1._______(catch)themorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting..
2.WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschool_____MrSmithgotangry?
3.Itwastheculture,ratherthantheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolice.
4.Allweneed_______(be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingagoodeducation.
5.Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythepolice______.
6.Itwaswiththehelpofthelocalguide_______themountainclimberwasrescued.
7.“Neverforasecond,”theboysays,“_______(doubt)thatmyfatherwouldcometomyrescue.”
8.Itwasnotuntilneartheendoftheletter______shementionedherownplan.
9.Notonce_____(occur)toMichaelthathecouldonedaybecomeatopstudentinhisclass.
10.Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudents________(be)aaround$8,450ayear,which______(be)aburdenforsomeofthem.
11.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,_______(be)invitedtoperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2019TaipeiFlowerExpo.
12.Thebasketballcoach,aswellashisteam,_______(be)interviewedshortlyafterthematchfortheiroutstandingperformance.
13.Allthescientificevidence________(show)thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming______(be)damagingourhealth.
14.Thereislittledoubtinyourmindthatheisinnocent,_______?
15.Theheadmasterwillnotpermitthechangeinthecourse,nor______(give)itathought.
16.Georgesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthe________.
17.Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich_______(be)savedforother.
18.Thefactthatsomanypeoplestillsmokeinpublicplaces_______(suggest)thatwemayneedanationwidecampaigntoraiseawarenessoftherisksofsmoking.
19.one-thirdofthecountry______(be)coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens_______(be)black.
20.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho_______(wear)eveningdress.
※单句填空
1.Inmostcountries,eitherpaperorotherthingsmadefrommetal_______(be)recycledforfutureuse.
2.Largeamountsofmoney_______(be)spentonthebridge,which_______(expect)tobecompetedthenextmonth.
3.Itisobviousthatabout65percentofthestudents________(be)boys,andpartofthem_______(be)interestedinbiology.
4.Stillmanystudentshaven’trealizedreadingEnglishnewspapers________(be)ofgreathelptotheirEnglishstudy.
5.Yesterday,anexperttogetherwithsomeassistants,______(send)theretohelpthem.
6.Theministerstressedthatundernocircumstances_______(be)thedisabledtobelookeddownupon.
7.WhattheChineseteacherdoesandsays_______(be)ofgreatimportancetostudents.
8.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_______(be)tiredoftheexaminationoneafteranother.
9.Though_______(raise)inabigcity,Peteralwayspreferstopaintthebeautifulscenesofcountrylife.
10.---Anymorerequests,mylittlebird?
---Letmeuseyourmountainbikethisweekend,________?
11.Sonecessary_______I