英美文学赏析.docx

英美文学赏析.docx

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英美文学赏析

英国文学史

1.OldEnglishandMedievalEnglish（449-1485）

2.TheRenaissance（1485—1616）

3.The17thcentury:

RevolutionandRestoration（1616-1688）

4.18thcenturyLiterature:

EnlightenmentorTheAgeofReason（1688-1798）

5．Romanticism（1798-1832）

6.TheVictorianPeriod:

criticalrealism（1832－1901/1918）

7.TheModernPeriod（1918-1945）

英国文学史及重要作家作品

1.OldEnglishandMedievalEnglish（449-1485）：

中世纪文学

Anglo-SaxonPeriod（449-1066）

贝奥武甫:

thefirstnationalepic

TheAnglo-NormanPeriod（1066–1485）

KingArthurandhisRoundTableKnights

SirGawainandtheGreenKnight高文爵士和绿衣骑士

GeoffreyChaucer-thefatherofEnglishpoetry

坎特布雷故事集'heroiccouplet'

2.TheRenaissance（1485—1616）

Humanism-theessenceoftheRenaissance,thedignityofhumanbeingandtheimportanceofthepresentlife

EdmundSpenser：

《仙后》斯宾塞节奏

ChristopherMarlowe-thepioneerofEnglishdrama

Blankverse,hyperbole夸张

UniversityWits（大学才子派）；ChristopherMarlowe,RobertGreene,ThomasNashe,JohnLyly,ThomasLodge,GeorgePeele.

浮士德博士thehumanpassionforknowledge,powerandhappiness

WilliamShakespeare-aboveallwritersinthepastandinthepresenttime

RomeoandJuliet

Macbeth

KingLear

Hamlet

Othello

JuliusCaesar

TimonofAthens

Comedies喜剧

TheComedyofErrors错误的喜剧

All'sWellThatEndsWell）终成眷属

AsYouLikeIt）皆大欢喜

AMidsummerNight'sDream

MuchAdoAboutNothing无事生非

MeasureforMeasure

TheTempest

TamingoftheShrew驯悍记

TwelfthNight

TheMerchantofVenice

TheMerryWivesofWindsor温莎的风流娘儿们

Love'sLabour'sLost爱的徒劳

TheTwoGentlemenofVerona

PericlesPrinceofTyre

Cymbeline

TheWinter'sTale

TheTempest

Fourtragedies-Hamlet,Othello,KingLear，Macbeth

作品赏析

ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?

Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:

RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,

Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate:

Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,

Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed;

Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,

Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimmed;

Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade

Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouowe’st;

NorshallDeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade,

Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st:

Solongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee,

Solonglivesthisandthisgiveslifetothee.

topraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaaheroineofgreatbeauty,witandloyalty,toexposetheinsatiablegreedandbrutality

Soliloquyormonologue-fullyrevealtheinnerconflictofthecharacters

FrancisBacon-brevity,compactness&powerfulness,hisessaysisanimportantlandmarkinthedevelopmentofEnglishprose

Inductivemethod（归纳法）inplaceofdeductivemethod演绎法

Howstudiesexertinfluenceoverhumancharacter–“readingmakethafullman,conferenceareadyman,andwritinganexactman.”读书使人充实，讨论使人机敏，写作使人严谨

4.The17thcentury:

RevolutionandRestoration（1616-1688）

JohnDonne

metaphysicalpoetryConceits,syllogism三段论

TheFlea

MARKbutthisflea,andmarkinthis,

Howlittlethatwhichthoudeniestmeis;

Itsuck’dmefirst,andnowsucksthee,

Andinthisfleaourtwobloodsmingledbe.

Thouknow’stthatthiscannotbesaid

Asin,norshame,norlossofmaidenhead;

 Yetthisenjoysbeforeitwoo,

 Andpamper’dswellswithonebloodmadeoftwo;

 Andthis,alas!

ismorethanwewoulddo.

Ostay,threelivesinonefleaspare,

Wherewealmost,yea,morethanmarriedare.

ThisfleaisyouandI,andthis

Ourmarriagebed,andmarriagetempleis.

Thoughparentsgrudge,andyou,we’remet,

Andcloister’dintheselivingwallsofjet.

 Thoughusemakeyouapttokillme,

 Letnottothatself-murderaddedbe,

  Andsacrilege,threesinsinkillingthree.

Cruelandsudden,hastthousince

Purpledthynailinbloodofinnocence?

Whereincouldthisfleaguiltybe,

Exceptinthatdropwhichitsuck’dfromthee?

Yetthoutriumph’st,andsay’stthatthou

Find’stnotthyselfnormetheweakernow.

’Tistrue;thenlearnhowfalsefearsbe;

Justsomuchhonour,whenthouyield’sttome,

Willwaste,asthisflea’sdeathtooklifefromthee.

JohnMilton:

失乐园theonlygenerallyacknowledgedepicinEnglishliteraturesinceBeowulf.Theconflictisbetweenhumanloveandspiritualduty.Inheaven,SatanledarebellionagainstGodwithhisunconquerablewill.

复乐园

力士参孙themostperfectexampleoftheversedramaaftertheGreekstyleinEnglish.

JohnBunyan:

ThePilgrim’sProgress天路历程allegory寓言

VanityFair成为WilliamMakepeaceThackeray小说标题《名利场》

5.18thcenturyLiterature:

EnlightenmentorTheAgeofReason（1688-1798）

Enlightenment-aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason（rationality）,equality&science

AlexanderPope

TherapeofLocks

OnCriticism论批评

名句：

Toerrishuman;toforgive,divine.

DanielDefoe-thefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople

,praisethehumanlaborandthePuritanfortitude清教徒坚韧

JonathanSwift-amastersatirist

Inhisopinion,humannatureisseriouslyandpermanentlyflawed

Properwordsinproperplaces

一个温和的建议

选读：

…forastothemales,myAmericanacquaintanceassuredmefromfrequentexperiencethattheirfleshwasgenerallytoughandlean,likethatofourschoolboysbycontinualexercise,andtheirtastedisagreeable;andtofattenthemwouldnotanswerthecharge.

,fourparts-Lilliput,Brobdingnag,FlyingIsland&Houyhnhnm

HenryFielding–ProseHomer

Comicepicinprose散文体史诗

SamuelJohnson-firstcombineanEnglishdictionary,

lastneoclassicistenlightener

RichardBrinsleySheridan-theonlyimportantEnglishdramatistofthe18thcentury

andareregardedasimportantlinksbetweenthemasterpiecesofShakespeareandthoseofBernardShaw.

ThomasGray

TheGraveyardSchool

Romantic-emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace

选读：

ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard

Thecurfew1tollstheknellofpartingday,

Thelowingherdwindslowlyo’erthelea,

Theploughmanhomewardplodshiswearyway,

Andleavestheworldtodarknessandtome.

Pre-Romanticism:

WilliamBlake;RobertBurns

WilliamBlake-engraver雕刻家

fromahappyandinnocenceworldfromchildren'seye

fromaworldofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholy忧郁的tonefrommeneyesChildhood,paradoxes,apairingofopposites

RobertBurns：

苏格兰农民诗人

ARed,RedRose

OmyLuve’s1likeared,redrose,

That’snewlysprunginJune;

OmyLuve’slikethemelodie

That’ssweetlyplayedintune.

Asfairartthou,mybonnielass,

SodeepinluveamI;

AndIwillluvetheestill,mydear,

Tilla’theseasgangdry.

Tilla’theseasgangdry,mydear,

Andtherocksmeltwi’thesun:

Iwillluvetheestill,mydear,

Whilethesandso’lifeshallrun.

Andfaretheeweel,6myonlylove!

Andfaretheeweel,awhile!

AndIwillcomeagain,mylove,

Thoughitweretenthousandmile.

AuldLangSyne友谊地久天长

Shouldauldacquaintancebeforgot,

Andneverbroughttomin’?

Shouldauldacquaintancebeforgot,

Anddayso’langsyne?

（Chorus）

Forauldlangsyne,mydear,

Forauldlangsyne,

We’lltakacupo’kindnessyet,

Forauldlangsyne.

Wetwahaerunaboutthebraes,

Andpu’dthegowansfine;

Butwe’vewanderedmonyawearyfit

Sin’auldlangsyne.

6.Romanticism（1798-1832）浪漫主义时期

TheromanticperiodbeganwiththepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge's抒情歌谣集

WilliamWordsworth-theleadingfigureoftheEnglishromanticpoetry,simple,spontaneous,worshipperofnature

“thechildisfatheroftheman”

'LakePoets'ortheLakers湖畔诗人

WilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridge&RobertSouthey

SamuelTaylorColeridge-supernatural,remote

,,

GeorgeGordonByron拜伦

'Byronichero'isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,againsttyrannicalrulesormoralprinciples.Suchaheroappearsfirstin.

<from（themasterpieceofByron,alongsatiricalpoem）,songbyaGreeksingerattheweddingofDonJuanandHaidee.'FillhighthebowlwithSamianwine'?

SheWalksinBeauty2

1

Shewalksinbeauty,likethenight

Ofcloudlessclimesandstarryskies;

Andallthat’sbestofdarkandbright

Meetinheraspectandhereyes;

Thusmellowedtothattenderlight

Whichheaventogaudydaydenies.

2

Oneshadethemore,oneraytheless,

Hadhalfimpairedthenamelessgrace

Whichwavesineveryraventress,

Orsoftlylightenso’erherface;

Wherethoughtsserenelysweetexpress,

Howpure,howdeartheirdwelling-place.

3

Andonthatcheek,ando’erthatbrow,

Sosoft,socalm,yeteloquent,

Thesmilesthatwin,thetintsthatglow,

Buttellofdaysingoodnessspent,

Amindatpeacewithallbelow,

Aheartwhoseloveisinnocent!

PercyByssheShelley雪莱

terzarima,destructive-constructivepotential,hopeful,

'Ifalluponthethornsoflife!

Ibleed!

',

'IfWintercomes,canSpring