高中英语语法之主谓一致全解析及巩固试题.docx
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高中英语语法之主谓一致全解析及巩固试题
高中语法之主谓一致
概论：
谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。
在判定一个句子主谓语是否一致时，要遵循下列三个原则：
语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在意义一致、语法一致、承前一致以及就近一致几个方面。
考点：
1.谓语动词用单数的情况
2.谓语动词用复数的情况
3.谓语动词单复数视情况而定
4.“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”作主语时的主谓一致
5.“名词（或代词）＋of＋名词”作主语时的主谓一致
6.定语从句中的主谓一致
7.就近原则&就前原则
一、语法一致：
主语和谓语在语法形式上取得一致：
主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。
Thenumberoferrorswassurprising.
Weloveourmotherland.
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.
Tonodone’sheadmeansagreement.
Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.
Whathesaidistrue.
【注意】★由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.
Whathewantsissomewater.
★apairof+表无生命的名词+单数谓语；apairof+表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语：
Thispairofshoesisnotmine.
Thehappypairis/aregoingtoHawaiifortheirhoneymoon.
2.“单数名词+and+单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数：
YouandIaregoodfriends.
Theboyandthegirlweresosurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.
【注意】★如果and并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数：
a/the+单数名词（人）+and+单数名词（人）+单数谓语
a/the+单数名词（人）+and+a/the+单数名词（人）+复数谓语
Thedancerandsingerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.
Thedancerandthesingerweregreetedbyacrowdofpeople.
★由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,everymorethana（an）,manya（an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式:
Everyman,woman,andchildneedslove.
Eachboyandgirlwasgivenabook.
Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.
★有些用and连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语单词用单数。
这类名词词组有：
knifeandfork刀叉needleandthread针线
breadandbutter面包和黄油fishandchips炸鱼加薯条
thestarsandstripes星条旗
FishandchipsisapopularfastfoodinEngland.
ThestarsandstripesisthenationalflagoftheU.S.A.
3.主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式:
Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.
Themanager,alongwithhissecretaries,isgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.
Theteacher,aswellastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.
4.each;each+单数可数名词；eachof+复数名词作主语时，谓语都用单数形式：
Eacharrivesontime.
Eachofthebuildingispaintedadifferentcolor.
5.由any,some,no,every与body,one,thing构成的不定代词作主语或主语的一部分，谓语用单数：
Everybodyisdoinghisbest.
Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.
6.在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，谓语动词的数与先行词的数一致：
Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.
试比较：
Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.
Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.
7.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式,这些词有army,family,audience,club,class,group,organization,troop等：
Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory.
Theclasswereallcheerful.
Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.
Theteamweretalkingoversomenewplans.
【注意】people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数:
Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.
8.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致:
Suchistheresult.
Sucharethefacts.
【练一练】
1.Betweenthetworoads_______aTVtowercalled“SkyscraperTower”.
A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand
2.–HaveyouheardthatTom,alongwithhisparents,_______toFrance?
--Really?
NowonderIhaven’tseenhimthesedays.
A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.havebeenD.havegone
3.There_______apairoftrousersonthebed.
A.areB.isC.hasD.have
4._______and_______aregoingabroadnextThursday?
Whichofthefollowingiswrong?
A.Thefather;sonB.Thesinger;dancerC.Asinger;adancerD.He;I
5.A_______and_______hasbeenboughtforyou.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?
A.goldwatch;chainB.knife;forkC.desk;butD.pen;pencil
6.Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairs_______intheroom.
A.areB.isstayedC.isD.has
7.Everystudentandeveryteacher_______.
A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeeting
C.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeeting
8.TheNewYorkTimes_______allovertheUnitedStates.
A.isreadB.isreadingC.arereadD.arereading
9.There_______tobesomethingwrongwithhissister,_______?
A.seem;isn’titB.seems;doesn’tthereC.seem;isn’tthereD.seems;doesn’tit
10.IthinkTom,_______you,_______toblame.
A.ratherthan;isB.ratherthan;areC.morethan;areD.lessthan;is
11.Thespeakersatthemeetingagreedthatthewaysinwhichtelevisioncaneducateaperson_______almostinfinite.
A.beB.areC.isD.are
12.“Ifanybody_______,pleaseputdown_______name,”saidtheteachertothemonitor.
A.wantstobuythebook;hisB.wanttobuythebook;their
C.willbuythebook;one’sD.wantstohavethebookbought;her
13.Myfamily_______largeandmyfamily_______reading.
A.is;enjoyB.is;enjoysC.are;enjoyD.are;enjoys
14.ThecustomsandcultureofAmerica_______verymuchlike_______ofEngland.
A.is;thatB.are;thoseC.havebeen;theonesD.hasbeen;theone
15.Onlyoneofthestudentswho_______present_______tospeakatthemeeting.
A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are
二.逻辑意义一致原则：
谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数。
）
1.what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数，也可以是复数，主要靠意思来决定：
Whichisyoufavoritesubject?
Whichareyourfavoritesubjects?
Allisgoingwell.
AllhavegonetoBeijing.
2.表示时间、重量、长度、价值等的名词的复数作主语时，因常表示一个整体的概念，谓语动词常用单数形式：
Eighthoursofsleepisenough.
Tendollarsistoomuchtopayfortheshirt.
3.复数形式的专有名词，如书名、剧名、报名、国名等，其谓语用单数：
TheUnitedNationshasitsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.
TheThameshasalargepopulation.
4.一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：
mathematics,politics,physics，以及news，works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义是单数名词，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：
Worldeconomicshasadirecteffectonworldpeace.
Physicswashermajor.
5.“定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数：
Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer.
Thegoodarewellrewarded,andthebadpunished.
6.thepopulationof…“……的人口数量”作主语时，谓语用单数，但如果是分数/百分数/halfof/therestof＋thepopulation作主语时，谓语则用复数，具体指其中的多少人，复数意义，如：
ThepopulationofChinaislargeandabouteightypercentofthepopulationarefarmers.
【练一练】
16._______is_______.Whichiswrong?
A.Twodays;alongvacationforthestudentsB.Oneandahalfdollars;notenough.
C.TheNewYorkTimes;publisheddailyC.800miles;longdistance
17.Therich_______notalwayshappy.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
18.Whatsheleftme_______afewoldbooks.
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
19.Tenminutes_______anhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.
A.isB.areC.seemsD.seem
20.ThePhilippines_______ofmorethan7,000islands.
A.consistsB.consistC.makeupD.makesup
三.就近原则：
谓语动词的人称与最近的主语保持一致。
1.当两个主语由or;either…or;neither…nor;whether…or…;notonly…butalso连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致：
GeorgeorIamwrong.
EitherJohnorhisfriendsaretoblameforthebadresults.
NeithermybrothernorIamgoingtothesummercamp.
Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisinvitedtotheparty.
2.therebe句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致：
（here引导的句子用法相同）
Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.
Therearetwentygirlsandonlyoneboyinourclass.
【练一练】
21.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_______tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.
A.isB.areC.amD.be
22.Eithertheteachersorthepresident_______themeeting.
A.attendsB.attendC.areattendingD.haveattended
23.Themanagerorhissecretary_______togiveyouaninterview.
A.isB.areC.wereD.have
24.Neitherofyoursuggestions_______sense.
A.makesB.makeC.ismadeD.aremade
25.There_______20dollarsandtwocardsinmypurse.
A.areB.isC.haveD.has
四.表示数量的短语作主语时的谓语形式
1.“manya/morethanone+单数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数：
Manyashiphasbeenwreckedonthoserocks.
Morethanonegrammaticalmistakewasfoundinhiscomposition.
2.表示鸟兽鱼群的词,如aflockofbirds,apackofdogs,aprideoflions,aherdofcattle,aschooloffish等作主语，谓语用单数：
Aflockofbirdsiscirclingoverhead.
3.alotof,lotsof,plentyof,thepercentageof,分数词+of,aquantityof,quantitiesof作主语的一部分时，与复数名词连用，谓语用复数形式；与不可数名词连用，谓语用单数形式：
Two-fifthsofthemoneyismine.
Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromEnglish-speakingcountries.
Therewasquantitiesofrainthisfall.
4.agreatdealof,anamountof,alittleof,muchof等与不可数名词连用时，谓语用单数：
Muchofthefurnitureisuncomfortable.
Thereisalimitedamountofoilintheworld.
5.agoodmany,agreatmany,anumberof与复数可数名词连用作主语时，谓语用复数：
Therewereagreatmanypeopleinthepark.
Anumberofstudentswereabsent.
【注意】“thenumberof+复数名词+单数谓语”，表示“…的数目”：
Thenumberofdaysinaweekisseven.
Homework:
1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_______visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.
A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe
2.Therich_____notalwayshappy..
A.isB.areC.hasD.have
3.Thisspecialstrainofrice___________one-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefield.
A.makespossibletoproduceB.makesitpossibletoproduce
C.makepossibleproducingD.makeitpossibleproducing
4.TheNewYorkTimes_______allovertheUnitedStates.
A.isreadB.isreadingC.arereadD.arereading
5.Tomaswellastwoofhisfriends________totheconcertlastnight
A.hasbeeninvitedB.hadbeeninvited
C.wereinvitedD.wasinvited
6.—Mike,whatdidourmonitorsayjustnow?
—Everyboyandeverygirlaswellasteacherswhotovisitthemuseumaskedtobeattheschoolgatebefore6:
30inthemorning.
A.is;isB.are;isC.is;areD.are;are
7.ApoetandartistcomingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingstomorrowafternoon.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
8.ItisI_________myparentswho__________toblamefortheaccident.
A.otherthan;areB.ratherthan;
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