0057《词汇学》复习大纲样题及答案.docx

0057《词汇学》复习大纲样题及答案.docx

《0057《词汇学》复习大纲样题及答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《0057《词汇学》复习大纲样题及答案.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

0057《词汇学》复习大纲样题及答案

（0057）《词汇学》复习大纲

ChapterOneIntroduction

1.Definitions（Inthefinalexam,alldefinitionsshouldbecompletedwithatleastexamples.）:

Lexicology（p.1）

Vocabulary（p.1）

Morphology（p.1）

Etymology（p.2）

Semantics（p.2）

Stylistics（p.2）

Phonetics（p.2）

2.Somefundamentalideas（thefivepointsinsection1.3.2）

1）Thevocabularyofanylanguageneverremainsstable,butisconstantlychanging,growinganddecaying,togetherwiththedevelopmentofhumansociety.

2）Thewordistheprincipalandbasicunitofthelanguage.Thewordisastructuralandsemanticentitywithinthelanguagesystem.

3）Thewordisatwo-facetunitpossessingbothformandcontent.

4）Structurallywordsareinseparablelexicalunitstakingshapeinadefinitesystemofgrammaticalformsandsyntacticcharacteristics,whichdistinguishesthembothfrommorphemesandwordsgroups.

5）Twoapproachesofinvestigationslexicology.Thesynchronicapproachisconcernedwiththevocabularyofalanguageasitexistsaregiventime,forinstance,atthepresenttime.TheDiachronicapproachdealswiththechangesandthedevelopmentofvocabularyinthecourseoftime.Thetwoapproachesshouldbeinterconnectedandinterdependent.

3.TheDivisionoftheHistoryofEnglish

1）TheOldEnglish（Anglo-Saxon）period

Duration:

roughlyfrom450-1150

ThethreecharacteristicsofOldEnglish（page7-8）

（1）pronunciationdifference;

（2）Teutonicvocabulary;（3）fullofinflectional

2）TheMiddleEnglishperiod

Duration:

1150-1500

ThethreeCharacteristicsofMiddleEnglish（page8）

（1）resemblancetoOldEnglish;

（2）borrowingandlossinvocabulary;（3）lessinflectional

3）TheModernEnglishperiod（page8）

EarlyModernEnglish（1500-1700）

LateModernEnglish（Since1700）

ChapterTwoSourcesofEnglishVocabulary

1.ThenaiveelementsofEnglishVocabulary

1）Theninecharacteristicsofthenativeelement（pp.10-11）

a.all-nationalcharacter

b.greatstability

c.mono-syllabicwords

d.Greatword-formingability

e.widecollocability

f.pluralityofmeanings

g.highfrequencyvalue

h.stylisticallyneutral

2.TheforeignelementsofEnglishVocabulary（pp.11-26）

1）ThethreewaysoftheforeignelementsenteringintotheEnglishvocabulary（p.12）

a.throughoralspeech

b.throughwrittenspeech

c.throughinvaders

2）Classificationoftheforeignborrowings（or,thefourtypesofforeignelementsinEnglishvocabulary）（pp.12-13）

a.aliens;b.denizens;c.translationloan;d.semanticloan

3）SomeusefulLatinphrasesandabbreviations

viceversa,percent,percap.,personanongrata;a.m.,p.m.,i.e.,e.g.,c.f.,viz.

4）doublets,hybridsandinternationalwordsinEnglish（pp.26-30）

5）Thethreetypesofassimilatedwords:

completelyassimilatedwords,partlyassimilatedwordsandnon-assimilatedwords.（pp.32-33）

ChapterThreeWord-Building

1.Definitions（Inthefinalexam,alldefinitionsshouldbecompletedwithexamples.）:

morpheme,freemorpheme,boundmorpheme,root,stem

2.Waysofword-building（attentionsshouldalsobepaidtotheexamplesappearingthewaysofword-building）

1）affixation（pp.39-51）

2）conversion（pp.51-55）

3）compounding（pp.55-59）

4）backformation（pp.59-60）

5）shortening（pp.60-63）

6）blending（pp.63-64）

7）imitation（p.64）

3.Alltheexercisesofthischapterarepossiblesourcesforthefinalexam!

ChapterFourSemantics

1.definitions（Inthefinalexam,alldefinitionsshouldbecompletedwithexamples.）:

polysemy（p.72）,homonymy（p.77）,perfecthomonym（p.77）,homograph（p.78）,homophonep.78）,synonym（p.80）,antonym（p.86）,

2.importantpoints

1）therelationbetweenawordanditsmeaning（p.70）

2）therelationbetweenwordsandconcepts（p.70-71）

3）themeaningof“nice”（p.72）

4）typesofsynonyms（pp.83-84）

5）theoriginofsynonyms（p.84）

6）theexamplewordsofantonym（pp.86-88）

7）waysofcoiningneologism（p.91）

8）theexercisesofChapterFour（pp.94-100）

ChapterFiveChangeofMeaning

1.Definitions（Inthefinalexam,alldefinitionsshouldbecompletedwithexamples.）:

extensionofmeaning（p.101）,narrowingofmeaning（p.102）,degradationofmeaning（p.104）,metonymy（p.114）,synecdoche（p.116）,oxymoron（p.119）

2.Alltheexercisesofthischapterarepossiblesourcesforthefinalexam!

ChapterSixEnglishIdioms

1.CharacteristicsofEnglishidioms（fourpoints）（pp.124-128）

2.Characteristicsofphrasalverbs（threepoints）（pp.133-134）

3.Alltheexercisesofthischapterarepossiblesourcesforthefinalexam!

ChapterSevenVarietiesofEnglish

1.Definitions（Inthefinalexam,alldefinitionsshouldbecompletedwithexamples.）:

slang（p.149）,jargon（p.149）,

2.Alltheexercisesofthischapterarepossiblesourcesforthefinalexam!

ChapterEightAmericanEnglish

1.CharacteristicsofAmericanEnglish（pp.158-162）

2.DifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish（pp.162-164）

3.Alltheexercisesofthischapterarepossiblesourcesforthefinalexam!

ChapterNineApplicationandComprehension

1.Attentionshouldbepaidtotheexamplewordsgiveninthischapter

2.Alltheexercisesofthischapterarepossiblesourcesforthefinalexam!

ChapterTenEnglishLexicography

1.Definitions（Inthefinalexam,alldefinitionsshouldbecompletedwithexamples.）:

monolingualdictionary（p.185）,bilingualdictionary（p.185）,encyclopedia（p.186）,encyclopedicdictionary（p.186）.

（0057）《词汇学》样题

PartIDefinition（15points）

Directions:

Definingthefollowingtermswithexamples.

1.aliens

2.homophone

3.jargon

4.compounding

5.bilingualdictionary

PartIITrueorFalseDecision（15points）

Directions:

DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareT（true）orF（false）.

1.Everywordhastwoaspects:

theouteraspect—writtenformandtheinneraspect—sound.

2.Someaffixesarefreemorphemeswhilesomeothersareboundmorphemes.

3.OldEnglishisalanguageoffullinflections.

4.“Popularwords”mainlyrefertowordsofFrenchoriginintheEnglishlanguage.

5.Strictlyspeaking,intheEnglishlanguage,therearenotwowordswhichareabsolutelyidenticalinmeaning

6.Weshouldputourhandsonthedeck,whenwehear“Allhandsondeck”onaboat.

7.Intheword“modify”,therootis“mod”,thestemis“modi”andthesuffixis“-fy”.

8.MostoftheaffixesarederivedfromOldEnglish,orfromLatinandGreek.

9.Inthecompoundword“bloodtest”,thesecondpart,i.e.“test”,indicatestheactionuponthefirstpart.

10.Absolutesynonymscanbefoundinordinarylife,e.g.begin—commence.

11.Simile,metaphorandpersonificationarefiguresofspeechbasedonresemblances.

12.Phonologically,compoundscanoftenbeidentifiedashavingamainstressonthefirstelementandsecondarystressonthesecondelement.

13.Actualmeaningreferstothemeaningofanisolatedwordinadictionary.

14.MostoftheEnglishwordsarepolysemic.

15.AmericanEnglishischaracterizedbycreativenessbutnotconservativenessinusage.

PartIIIMultipleChoice（15points）

Directions:

Thereare15sentencesinthissection.Beneatheachsentencethereare4wordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonewordorphrasethatcorrectlycompletesthesentence.

1.Theword“question”isawordborrowedfrom.

A.LatinB.FrenchC.GreekD.Scandinavian

2.Heiswiseenoughtoseeallthesefinepretensions.

A.outB.toC.throughD.over

3.Youshouldrememberthatthebuildingisawarmemorialandspeakmore.

A.respectivelyB.respectablyC.respectfullyD.respected

4.ThecrownjewelsarekeptintheTowerofLondon.

A.valuedB.valuelessC.invaluableD.usable

5.Whenthecrowdsawtheprize-fighterstretchedoutonthecanvas,shoutsandcheersfromit.

A.brokeupB.brokeforthC.brokethroughD.breakupon

6.Thescientistsrealizeditwouldbetootoshipallpeopleinoneboat

becauseitwasfragile.

A.boldB.daringC.riskyD.dangerous

7.Theenergygainedfromthesuncanthenbeusedduringthenighttoenablethenecessarychemicalreactionstoinhisbody.

A.precedeB.proceedC.progressD.practise

8.ThereisaofvegetablesinShanghaiatthemomentbecauseofthecoldweather.

A.shortageB.wantC.needD.desire

9.WhentheVictorianshadfamilyreunions,thehostswenttheirwaytoentertaintheguests.

A.inforB.overC.outofD.backon

10.Havingpushedherson,Evegavehimadismissivetowardsthecar.

A.pushB.pullC.drawD.drag

11.Whichofthefollowingusuallyappearsinpoems?

A.horseB.steedC.gee-geeD.nag

12.WhichofthefollowingwordsisINCORROCTinwordformation?

A.unhorseB.unmannedC.unfrostD.unhappy

13.Whichofthefollowingisformedbyblending?

A.popB.sightseeC.copterD.boatel

14.Theantonymof“fresh”in“freshbread”is________.

A.staleB.stuffyC.fadedD.tired

15.Iwilltakeyoutoamostinteresting________ofnineteenthcentury.

A.wonderB.exhibitionC.expositionD.display

PartIVTranslation（10points）

Directions:

TranslatingthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

1.Theseahassmootheddown.

2.KissingergottheplansandhelicopteredtoCampDavid.

3.Hecommandedafleetofthirtysails.

4.Strikewhiletheironishot.

5.Mostofthecityfamilieshaveafridge.

PartVAnswerthefollowingquestionswithexamples（15points）

1.WhataretheclassificationsofHomonyms?

（7points）

2.WhatarethecharacteristicfeaturesofEnglishidioms?

（8points）]

（0057）《词汇学》样题答案

PartIDefinition（15point