外研版 高一英语 必修一 Module1 语法总结祥解.docx
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外研版高一英语必修一Module1语法总结祥解
基础学习
1.词汇记忆
1.1反复阅读,强化记忆(学会使用单词);
1.2单词-读音-音标,三者记忆时相辅相成;
1.3做好计划,利用零散时间,反复阅读。
Module1词汇词组
academic[,ækə'dɛmɪk]adj.学院的,学术的
province['prɒvins]n.省
enthusiastic[in,θju:
zi'æstik]a.热情的
amazed[ə'meizd]adj.惊讶的
amazing[ə'meiziŋ]a.令人吃惊的
information[,infə'meiʃən]n.信息,通知
website[web’sait]n.网站
brilliant['briljənt]a.(口语)极好的
comprehension[,kɒmpri'henʃən]n.理解
instruction[in'strʌkʃən]n.(常复)指示,说明
method['meθəd]n.方法
bored['bɒ:
d]adj.厌倦的
embarrassed[im'bærəst]a.尴尬的
embarrassing[im'bærəsiŋ]adj.使人尴尬的
attitude['ætitju:
d]n.态度
behavior[bi'heivjə]n.行为,举止
previous['pri:
viəs]a.以前的adv.以前
description[di'skripʃən]n.描述
technology[tek'nɒlədʒi]n.技术
impress[im'pres]vt.给…深刻印象
correction[kə'rekʃən]n.改正
encouragement[in'kʌridʒmənt]n.鼓励
enjoyment[in'dʒɒimənt]n.享受,乐趣
fluency['flu:
ənsi]n.流利
misunderstanding[,misʌndə'stændiŋ]n.误解
disappointed[,disə'pɒintid]adj.失望的
disappointing[,disə'pɒintiŋ]adj.令人失望的
system['sistəm]n.系统;制度
teenager['ti:
nidʒə]n.青少年
disappear[,disə'piə]vi.消失
move[mu:
v]vt.搬家,移动
assistant[ə'sistənt]n.助手
cover['kʌvə]vt.包括n.盖子
diploma[di'pləumə]n.毕业文凭,学位证书
重点词组
inotherwords换句话说
lookforwardtodoingsth.期待;盼望
lookfor寻找
beimpressedwith对…印象深刻
bedifferentfrom与…不同
atthestartof在……开始的时候
attheendof在……结束的时候
bedividedinto被(划)分成……
takepartin参加
2.语法基础
2.1语法入门
主语:
句子或者句意的主要人物或事物,一般在句首。
主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。
谓语:
谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:
Wecome.
宾语:
宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:
me,him,them等
例:
Theboyneedsapen.
定语:
对主语或者宾语的修饰。
汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
_________作定语:
Thelittleboyneedsabluepen.
_________作定语:
Twoboysneedtwopens.
___________________作定语:
HisboyneedsTom\'spen.
___________作定语:
Theboyneedsaballpen.
状语:
主语处于一种什么状态。
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:
通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意。
如:
Theboycallsthegirlintheclassroom.
_________状语:
Theboyneedsapennow./Now,theboyneedsapen./Theboy,now,needsapen.
补语:
补充说明信息和情况。
补语,就是补充说明的语言,英语中一般有主语补语和宾语补足语,主语补语很少提及,宾语补足语倒是句子的常见组成部分。
例一Pleasedon'tcallmefat.
例二Theymadethegirlcry.
2.2词法
名词(n),动词(v),形容词(adj),副词(adv),冠词,代词,介词
MODULE1精讲
3.1. I like Chinese because I enjoy reading stories and poems.
非谓语动词做宾语——v.ing&todosth.
enjoydoing……喜欢做
只能接动名词做宾语:
enjoyimaginecan`thelp
喜欢想象禁不住
3.2.Iliveinshijiazhuang,acitynotfarfromBeijing.
(1)acitynotfarfromBeijing是shijiazhuang的同位语
(2)比较级:
far—farther—farthest
Icanthrowtheballfartherthanyoucan.
(3)far表示不确切的距离,表示距离的数量词不能与它搭配。
判断:
Shelivesfivemilesfarfromhere.
Shelivesfivemilesfromhere.
Shelivesfarfromhere.
3.3.The teachers write on the computer, and their words appear on the screen behind them.
appear常用作不及物动词或连系动词,表示“出现,显现”,后接不定式、形容词或从句。
appear做连系动词,表示“似乎,显得”。
Itappearsthatshewillwin.
3.4.And we have fun.
(1)have fun 玩得开心,快乐
(2)havefun(in)doingsth.做某事是快乐的
havefunwithsb.和某人在一起是快乐的
The children were having a lot of fun with the building blocks.
3.5.I'm looking forward to doing it!
look forward to sth./doing sth. 期待着某事/做某事”,其中“to”是介词。
动词+介词to构成的常用短语有:
turn to 求助于;转向;翻到…… pay attention to 注意…… belong to 属于
3.6.The teachers are very enthusiastic and friendly and the classrooms are amazing.
(1)beenthusiasticaboutsb./sth.对…热心/着迷
Zhengchiisenthusiasticaboutfootballgames.
(2)amazingadj.令人吃惊的
Itisamazingthatyoucan`tswim.
(3)以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词用法:
例Sheisan____(interest)writer,andI`m____(interest)inthesubjectsthatshe____(write)about.
以-ing和-ed的结尾的形容词,常用来表示―特征‖和―状态‖。
形式是动词的过去分词和现在分词,但是实际上却是形容词。
常见的有:
tired/tiring,satisfied/satisfying,interested/interesting,disappointed/disappointing,pleased/pleasing等。
–ed结尾的形容词,通常用于说明句中主语(人)的情绪变化,对人和物的态度感受,常译为―某人感到……的‖ ;-ing 结尾的形容词,主要用于说明事物,表示事物的性质或特征,若用它们说明人,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。
通常译为―令人……的‖。
Heisnotinterestedinpolitics.
Thebookisveryinteresting.
比较:
He is frightened. He is frightening.
3.7.The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms Shen.
例Theplayers________fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.
A.selectingB.toselect
C.selectedD.havingselected
(1)called Ms Shen过去分词短语作定语,与所修饰的词逻辑关系上存在被动关系,相当于定语从句的who/thatiscalledMs Shen.
Wevisitedthenewlibrarybuiltthreeweeksago.
(2)过去分词作定语,与所修饰的词逻辑关系上存在被动关系;现在分词作定语,与所修饰的词逻辑关系上存在主动关系。
Doyouknowthemanstandingbythedoor?
Doyouknowthemanlockedintheroom?
3.8.Ms Shen’s method of teaching is nothing like the teachers at my Junior High school.
(1)nothinglike丝毫不像somethinglike大约,有点像
(2)that代替前面提到的method
【辨析】one,that,it用法解析
例Ifyou'rebuyingtoday'spaperfromthestand,couldyouget______forme?
A.oneB.it
C.thisD.that
1.one泛指,代替前面提到过的那类人或物,指代可数名词。
复数形式ones前面需要定语修饰。
(同名异物)
Tomhasaredpenandtwoblueones.
2.that特指,代替前面提到过的那类事物,指代可数或者不可数名词。
(同名异物)
Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter.
3.it特指,代替前面提到的具体事物。
(同名同物)
I have lost my umbrella; I'm looking for it.
3.9.I don't think I will be bored in Ms. Shen's class!
beboredwith对……厌倦
boresbwith因……使某人厌倦
boresb.bydoingsth.做某事使某人厌倦
(1)否定转移:
英语中有些动词,如think, believe, expect, imagine 等,后面接一个具有否定意义的宾语从句时,宾语从句中的not转移到主句的谓语动词中。
We don't think there is anything interesting in your pictures.
我们认为你的画并没有什么有趣的地方.
(2)Ithink( believe, expect, imagine)+宾语从句,否定转移,反意疑问句与宾语从句主谓一致。
I don't think it's going to rain tomorrow, is it?
(3)反意疑问句主语不是第一人称,否定转移,反意疑问句与主句主谓一致。
You don't think I have made mistakes, do you?
例—I don't think it is good for animals to stay at zoos,_____ ?
—I agree with you.
A. isn't it B. don't I
C. is it D. do I
4.0.In other words, there are three times as many girls as boys.
(1)in other words 换句话说in a/one word简而言之,总之
I'm not used to the way you speak to me. In other words, I don't want to continue our conversations.
例 Ilikethisjacketbetterthanthatone,butitcostsalmostthreetimes______.
A.asmuchB.asmany
C.somuchD.somany
(2)倍数 +as+ adj. +as+被比较的对象
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
倍数+ 比较级+than+被比较的对象
Asia is three times larger than Europe.
倍数+the size/length/height+ of+被比较的对象
Asia is four times the size of Europe.
课后练习
1.Theparentssuggested_____inthehotelroombuttheirkidswereanxioustocampoutduringthetrip.
A.sleepB.tosleep
C.sleepingD.havingslept
2.Ican’tstand____withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses____talkingwhilesheworks.
A.working;stoppingB.towork;stopping
C.workingtostopD.toworktostop
3.Theartshowwas_____beingafailure;itwasagreatsuccess.
A.farfromB.nextto
C.alongwithD.regardlessfrom
4.----Wearesupposedtobethereat6:
00?
----_________Iknow,soweare.
A.AssoonasB.Asfaras
C.SolongasD.Aspossibleas
5.Mybrotherisanactor.He_________inseveralfilmssofar.
A.appearsB.appeared
C.hasappearedD.isappearing
6.----I`mgoingtostayinBeijingfortwodays.
----__________!
A.ThanksB.It`smypleasure
C.WithpleasureD.Havefun
7.Thankyou____visitingourschool.Welookforward____seeingyouagain.
A.to;toB.for;for
C.for;toD.to;for
8.Eveniftoooldtoworkmuch,theretiredworkerisvery_____aboutthestreetaffairs.
A.eagerB.keen
C.anxiousD.enthusiastic
9.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem_____inhislectures.
A.interestedB.interesting
C.interestD.tointerest
10.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps_____fromthelibrary.
A.toborrowB.tobeborrowed
C.borrowedD.borrowing
11.Swimmingismyfavoritesport.Thereis__likeswimmingasameansofkeepingfit.
A.somethingB.anything
C.nothingD.everything
12.I'mexpectingapetdogforlong,butmomhasnotimetobuy_________forme.
A.itB.one
C.thisD.that
13.MrsBlackdoesn'tbelievehersonisabletodesignaplane,__?
A.isheB.isn'the
C.doesn'tsheD.doesshe
14.Briantoldyouthattherewasn’tanyoneintheroomatthattime,____?
A.wasthereB.wasnotthere
C.didnotheD.didhe
15.ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbe___thepresentone.
A.threetimesasbigasB.asthreetimesbigas
C.asbigasthreetimesD.asbigthreetimesas
MODULE1时态
例1“Lifeislikewalkinginthesnow,”Grannyusedtosay,“becauseeverystep_____.”
A.hasshownB.isshowingC.showsD.showed
例2Walmart,whichisoneofthelargestAmericansupermarketchains,_____someofitsstoresopen24hourseveryday.
A.keepsB.keepC.havekeptD.hadkept
一般现在时
用动词原形表示,be和have在人称和数上应按照自己的规则与主语保持一致。
其他动词——第三人称单数的变化规律
A. 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态。
常和often,always,usually,sometimes,everyday,onceaweek等时间状语连用。
(1)Hetakesawalkaftersuppereveryday.
B. 表示主语的性格,能力,所具备的特征
(2)MaryspeaksbothEnglishandFrenchverywell.
C. 表示客观事实或普遍真理
(3)Lighttravelsfasterthansound
D. 表示安排或计划好的将来要发生的动作。
只限于go,come,leave,start,stay,return,begin等动词
(4)WhendoesthetrainleaveforShanghai?
E.在时间状语和条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。
(5)Ifitdoesn`traintomorrow,wewillgoclimbing.
(6)Iwillnotleavehereuntilhecomesheretomorrow.
例3“Themoment____soon,”hethoughttohimself,waitingnervously.
A.cameB.hascome
C.wascomingD.iscoming
例4Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenarea_____.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere`snoneleft.
A.haverunoutB.arerunningout
C.havebeenrunoutD.arebeingrunout
现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态,常与now,rightnow,atthismoment,atpresent等时间状语