暑假作业7高三阅读训练上.docx

暑假作业7高三阅读训练上.docx

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暑假作业7高三阅读训练上

高三阅读训练（上）

PassageOne

BillGates:

TheManbehindMicrosoft

BillGatesisanAmericaninventor,computerprogrammer,philanthropist,andbusinessman,whowasborninSeattle,Washington.Heisreportedlyworthnearly$80billion,makinghimoneofthewealthiestpeopleinthecountry.Hefounded,andwasheadofMicrosoftCorporationforyears,andisstillontheboardforthecomputersoftwaregiant.

Gateswasborntoanupper-middleclassfamily.Hisfatherwasanattorney;hismotherwasabanker,whoworkedfortheUnitedWayformanyyears.Heiscreditedforbeingthefatherofthemoderncomputer,andforalmostsingle-handedlystartingthepersonalcomputerrevolution.HestudiedatHarvardUniversity,butdidnotgraduatebecauseofhisdesiretodevelopnewsoftware.

Asa13-year-oldstudentattheLakesideSchool,whichwasanexclusivecollegepreparatoryschool,Gateswasintroducedtocomputerprogramming.Gateswasreportedlyfascinatedbythecomputer’sabilitytoreproducesoftwarecode.In1975,GatesapproachedacompanycalledMicroInstrumentationandTelemetrySystems（MITS）.Heconvincedtheownerthathehadwrittenaprogramthatwouldworkwithhisplatform.TheownerofthecompanyboughtintoGatesinnovations,andthetwomenreachedanagreementtodevelopsoftwareforMITS.TheMicrosoftCompanywasborn.

GateswentontodeveloptheWindowsoperatingsystemwiththenpartnerIBMCorporation.Thetwocompanieshaddifferencesthough,andtheirpartnershipendedquickly.GatesleftMicrosoftin2000,butremainsonitsboardofdirectors.HeremainedactivewiththecompanyforseveralyearsbeforesteppingdowninFebruary2014,becomingTechnicalAdvisorforthefirm.

Question:

1.Whydidn’tBillGategraduateformHarvardUniversity?

（理解文中具体信息）

A.Becausetherequirementforgraduationistoochallenging.

B.Becausehecaredmoreaboutmakingmoney.

C.Becausehewaslongingtodevelopsoftware.

D.Becausehefoughtwithhisclassmates.

Key:

C

Tips:

理解文中具体信息，要首先锁定段落中该信息的前后语句。

PassageTwo

Hi!

I’vebeenmeaningtowriteforagesand finally todayI’mactuallydoingsomethingaboutit.NotthatI’mtryingtomakeexcusesformyself,it’sbeenreallyhardtositdownandwrite,asI’vebeenmovingaroundsomuch.SincewelastsaweachotherI’veunpackedmybagsinfourdifferentcities.ThisjobhasturnedouttobemoreofawhirlwindthanIexpected,butit’sallgood!

IwentfromLondontoPraguetosetupanewregionalofficethere.YouknowI’dalwayswantedtogo,butmaybeIwasimaginingPragueinspringwhenIusedtotalkaboutthat.Winterwasreallyhard,withminus15degreesinthemorningsanddarkreallyearlyintheevening.But atleastitwasblueskiesandwhitesnowandnotdaysonendofgreyskiesandrain,likeathome.It’stoughbeingawayfromhomeoverChristmas,though,andSkypeonChristmasDaywasn’treallythesameasbeingwitheveryone.

FromthereIwasonanotherthree-monthmissiontooverseetheset-upoftheofficeinNewYork.Loved,loved,lovedNewYork!

 It’slikebeinginonebigTVshow,aseverywherelooksjustalittlebitfamiliar.IdideverytouristthingyoucanthinkofwhenIwasn’tworking,andmusthavespentmostofmysalaryoneatingout.Itwasreallyhardtoleaveforthenextjob,especiallyasIkindofmetsomeone（!

）MoreaboutMichaellater...

SothenIwaspostedtoLA,whichfeltlikeawholeothercountrycomparedwiththeEastCoast.Icoulddefinitelygetusedtothatkindofoutdoor,beachlifestyle,butIdidn’tspendasmuchtimegettingtoknowCaliforniaasIcouldhavebecauseIwasflying backtoseeMichaeleveryotherweekend.Hecametoseemewhenhecould,buthisjobmeanshe’softenworkingatweekends,sohecouldn’tmaketheflightveryoften.Those threemonthsflewbyandthenIwasoffagain,toFrankfurt,whichiswhereIamnow.And…soisMichael!

 Hegotamonthoffworkandwe’retryingtoworkouthowwecanbeinthesameplaceatthesametimeforawhile.Wefigurethefirststepinthatdirectionisgettingmarried,whichisalsowhyIwantedtowrite– Ican’tgetmarriedwithoutmyoldestfriendthere!

Thewedding’sgoingtobeathomeinLondoninSeptemberandIhopeyoucancome!

Anyway,tellmeallyournewsandIpromisenottoleaveitsolongthistime!

Lotsoflove,

Kath

Question:

1.Whydidthewriterwritethemail?

（理解作者的意图、观点和态度）

A.Toinformherfriendhermarriage.

B.Totalkaboutherrecentbusylife.

C.Totellherfriendsheismovingagain.

D.Tointroducehernewjobtoherfriend.

Key:

A

Tips:

理解作者意图，要善于在引藏在段落间中找关键表目的或意图的信息词。

PassageThree

GabrielaworkedforamultinationalcompanyasasuccessfulprojectmanagerinBrazilandwastransferredtomanageateaminSweden.Shewasexcitedabouthernewrolebutsoonrealisedthatmanaginghernewteamwouldbeachallenge.

Despitetheirfriendliness,Gabrieladidn’tfeelrespectedasaleader.Hernewstaffwouldquestionherproposalsopenlyinmeetings,andwhenshegavetheminstructionsonhowtocarryoutatask,theywouldoftengoaboutitintheirownwaywithoutcheckingwithher.Whensheannouncedherdecisionsontheproject,theywouldcontinuegivingtheiropinionsasifitwasstillupfordiscussion.

Afterweeksoffrustration,GabrielaemailedherSwedishmanagerabouttheissuesshewasfacingwithherteam.Hermanagersimplyaskedherifshefeltherteamwasstillperforming,andwhatshethoughtwouldhelpherbettercollaboratewithherteammembers.Gabrielafoundhermanagervagueanddidn’tfeelasif hewasmanagingthesituationsatisfactorily.

WhatGabrielawasexperiencingwasaculturalclashinexpectations.Shewasusedtoamorehierarchicalframeworkwheretheteamleaderandmanagertookcontrolandgavespecificinstructionsonhowthingsweretobedone.ThismoredirectivemanagementstyleworkedwellforherandherteaminBrazilbutdidnottransferwelltohernewteaminSweden,whoweremoreusedtoaflatterhierarchywheredecisionmakingwasmoredemocratic.WhenGabrielatooktheissuetoherSwedishmanager,ratherthansteppinginwithdirectionsaboutwhattodo,hermanagertookontheroleofcoachandfocusedongettinghertocomeupwithherownsolutionsinstead.

DutchsocialpsychologistGeertHofstedeusestheconceptof“powerdistance”todescribehowpowerisdistributedandhowhierarchyisperceivedindifferentcultures.Inherpreviousworkenvironment,Gabrielawasusedtoahighpowerdistanceculturewherepowerandauthorityare respectedandeveryonehastheirrightfulplace.Insuchaculture,leadersmakethebigdecisionsandarenotoftenchallenged.HerSwedishteam,however,wereusedtoworkinginalowpowerdistanceculturewheresubordinatesoftenworktogetherwiththeirbossestofindsolutionsandmakedecisions.Here,leadersactascoachesormentorswhoencourageindependentthoughtandexpecttobechallenged.

WhenGabrielabecameawareoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenherandherteam,shetooktheinitiativetohaveanopenconversationwiththemabouttheirfeelingsaboutherleadership.Pleasedtobeaskedfortheirthoughts,Gabriela’steamopenlyexpressedthattheywerenotusedtobeingtoldwhattodo.Theyenjoyedhavingmoreroomforinitiativeandcreativefreedom.Whenshetoldherteamexactlywhatsheneededthemtodo,theyfeltthatshedidn’ttrustthemtodotheirjobwell.TheyrealisedthatGabrielawastakingitpersonallywhentheytriedtochallengeormakechangestoherdecisions,andwereabletoexplainthatitwashowthey’dalwaysworked.

Withabetterunderstandingoftheunderlyingreasonsbehindeachother’sbehaviour,Gabrielaandherteamwereabletoadapttheirwayofworking.Gabrielawasthenabletomakeadjustmentstohermanagementstylesoastobetterfittheexpectationsofherteamandmoreeffectivelymotivateherteamtoachievetheirgoals.

Question:

What’sthepassageabout?

（理解主旨要义）

A.Howtomanageateam

B.Thereasonsbehindpeople’sbehavior.

C.Thechallengeinamultinationalcompany.

D.Theculturaldifferencesthatexistinworkingenvironments.

Key:

D

Tips:

理解主旨要义题，要首先划好段落段首句和中心词。

PassageFour

Work–lifebalance

Ronan

Iworkinafairlytraditionalofficeenvironmentdoingatypicalnine-to-fivejob.Ilikemyjob,butit’sannoyingthatmycommutetoworktakesanhourandahalfeachwayandmostofmyworkcouldreallybedoneonlinefromhome.Butmybossdoesn’tseemtotrustthatwewillgetanyworkdoneiflefttoourowndevices,andeveryoneinthecompanyhastoclockinandouteveryday.It’sfrustratingthattheyfeeltheneedtomonitorwhatwedosocloselyinsteadofjudgingusbasedonourtaskperformance,likemostcompaniesdothesedays.

Jo

Iusedtodoatypicalfive-dayweek,butafterIcameoutofmymaternityleave,IdecidedthatIwantedtospendmoretimewithmychildrenbeforetheystartschool.Afternegotiatingwithmyboss,wedecidedtocutmyworkingweekdowntoathree-dayworkweek.Thisofcoursemeantasignificantcutinmypaytoo,asI’mpaidonapro-ratabasis.I’vesincenoticed,though,thatmyworkloadhasn’tdecreasedintheslightest!

I’mnowdoingfivedays’worthofworkinthreedays,butgettingpaidmuchlessforit!

IfindmyselfhavingtotakeworkhomejustsothatIcanmeetthedeadlines.It'swearingmeouttryingtojuggleworkwithlookingaftermychildrenandmyfamily,butIdon’tdaretobringthisupwithmybossbecauseIthinkhefeelsasifhe’smadeahugeconcessionlettingmecomeinonlythreedaysaweek.

Marcus

IworkforaglobalITcompany,butbecausetheirheadquartersisintheStates,Idoallmyworkonlinefromhome.ThatmeansthatIdon’twastetimecommutingormakingidlechit-chatwithcolleagues.