水文学原理中英文专业词.docx
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水文学原理中英文专业词
水文学原理Principleofhydrology
Chapter1绪论
绪论:
introduction
大气圈(aerosphere)水圈(hydrosphere)岩石圈(lithosphere)生物圈(biosphere)
人类圈(anthroposphere)
中国四大水问题(fourmajorwaterissuesinChina)
水多(more):
洪水(floods)水少(less):
干旱(droughts)
水浑(turbid):
水土流失(soilandwaterlosses)水脏(dirty):
水污染(waterpollution)
水平/垂直结构(horizontal/verticalstructure)
河流学(potamology/riverhydrology)湖沼学(limnology/lakehydrology)水库(reservoir)
冰川水文学(glacierhydrology)地下水水文学(groundwaterhydrology)
水文气象学(hydrometeorology)积云(cumulus)河口水文学(estuaryhydrology)
流域水文学(basinhydrology)全球水文学(globalhydrology)
水文学中的环境同位素(environmentalisotopesinhydrology)
Chapter2水文循环
水文循环:
hydrologicalcycle
海洋蓄水(waterstorageinoceans)蒸发(evaporation)凝结(condensation)
大气蓄水(waterstorageintheatmosphere)冰雪蓄水(waterstorageiniceandsnow)
降水(precipitation)散发(transpiration)蒸散发(evapotranspiration)
升华(sublimation)凝华(desublimation)地表径流(surface/directrunoff)
融雪径流(snowmeltrunofftostreams)河川径流(streamflow)泉水(spring)
淡水储存(freshwaterstorage)下渗(infiltration)地下水出流(groundwaterdischarge)
地下水储存(groundwaterstorage)大/中/小尺度(macro-scale/mesoscale/microscale)
开放/封闭系统(open/closedsystem)截留(interception)洼地储蓄(depressionstorage)
地下径流(groundflow)壤中流(interflow)总水量(totalwater)海洋/大陆(oceans/continent)
咸水/淡水(saline/freshwater)沼泽(marish)大气水(atmosphericwater)
生物水(biologicalwater)土壤水(soilwater)
Chapter3流域与水系
流域与水系:
Watershed&DrainageNetworks
Part1基本概念
分水线(watersheddivide)闭合流域(closedwatershed)
非闭合流域(unclosedwatershed)水系(DrainageNetworks)
羽毛状水系(Elongatedshape)平行状水系(fanshape)
混合状水系(mixedshape)坡地(Slope)倾斜面(inclinedplane)
收敛曲面(ConvergentCamber)发散曲面(DivergentCamber
流域基本单元(Unit)
Part2水系的地貌特征
河源(headwater)节点(node)出口(outlet)
外链(Externallinks)内链(Internallinks)干流(mainriver)
支流(tributaryriver)Strahler分级法河流长度(streamlength)
河数定律(thelawofstreamnumbers)河长定律(thelawofstreamlengths)
链长度(LinkLength)横断面(Crosssection)纵断面(longitudinalsection)
大断面(floodcross-section)弯曲率(Sinuosity)
河底比降(Slopeofstreambed)
Part3流域的地貌特征
流域形状(Shapeofwatershed)流域坡度(Slopeofwatershed)
流域面积及面积定律(Drainageareaandthelawofdrainageareas)
流域长度和宽度(Widthandlengthofwatershed)形态因子(Shapefactor)
圆度(Circularityratio)伸长比(Elongationratio)
河网密度和河道维持常数(Drainagedensity&constantofchannelmaintenance)
河流频度和链频度(Streamfrequency&linkfrequency)
面积--河长曲线(Drainagearea-streamlengthcurve)
高程曲线(Elevationcurve)
Chapter4降水
降水(Precipitation)
Part1降水要素及其时空变化表示方法(Precipitationelements&Temporalandspatialvariation)
降雨的基本要素(RainfallElements)降雨量(深)Rainfall(depth)
降雨历时(Rainfallduration)降雨强度(Rainfallintensity)
降雨面积(Rainfallarea)暴雨中心(Stormcenter)
降雨强度与历时曲线(Rainfallintensity-durationcurve)
降雨深与面积关系曲线(Rainfalldepth-areacurve)
降雨深与面积和历时关系曲线(Rainfalldepth-area-durationcurve)
Part2降雨类型及其影响因素(TypesofrainfallandAffectingfactors)
气旋雨(Cyclonicrain)对流雨(Convectional/Convectiverain)
台风雨(Typhoons/Hurricanes)地形雨(Orographicrain)
锋面雨(Frontalrain)非锋面雨(Non-frontalrain)
Part3区域(流域)平均降雨量计算方法(CalculationmethodofAveragerainfalloveranarea)
算术平均法(Arithmeticmeanmethod)泰森多边形法(Thiessenpolygonmethod)
等雨量线法(Isohyetalmethod)距离平方倒数法(Inversedistance-squaredmethod)
雷达测雨(Radarmeasurementofrainfall)卫星测雨(Satelliticmeasurementofrainfall)
Part4降雨资料的检验(Testofrainfalldata)
Chapter5土壤水
土壤水(SoilWater)水文循环(HydrologicCycle)土壤颗粒(soilparticles)
过滤(leach)蒸发(evaporation)蒸发,散发(transpiration)水分(moisture)
Part1土壤的质地结构及“三相”关系
土壤质地(Soiltexture)粘粒(clay)粉粒(silt)砂粒(sand)
土壤结构(Soilconfiguration)土壤中的“三相”关系(Threephaseswithinasoil)
固体(Solids)液体(Liquids)空气(Vapor)
固体密度(soliddensity)干容重(Drybulkdensity)孔隙度(Porosity)质量含水率(Gravimetricwatercontent)容积含水率(volumetricwatercontent)
饱和度(thedegreeofsaturation)充气孔隙度(Aerationporosity)
孔隙比(Voidratio)
Part2土壤水的存在形态
土壤水作用力(Forcesgoverningsoilwater)分子力(Molecularforce)
毛管力(Capillaryforce)粘着力(Adhesion)粘结力(Cohesion)
重力(Gravitationalforce)土壤水类型(Soilwaterclassification)
束缚水(boundwater)吸湿水(HygroscopicWater)膜状水(Filmwater)
毛管上升水(Ascendingwaterincapillarytube)渗透重力水(percolatingwater)
毛管悬着水(Suspendedcapillarywater)sustainedgravitationalwater(支持重力水)
土壤水分常数(Soilwaterconstants)田间持水量(fieldcapacity)
Saturation(饱和状态)
Part3土壤水的能量状态
土水势(Soilwaterpotential)影响因素(Affectthefactors)
土壤水分特性曲线(Soilwatercharacteristiccurve)
Chapter6下渗
下渗:
Infiltration
Part1引言(Introduction)
土壤水分剖面(soilmoistureprofile)下渗(infiltration)
下渗率(infiltrationintensity)下渗容量(infiltrationcapacity)
下渗曲线(infiltrationcapacitycurve)累积下渗曲线(accumulativeinfiltrationcapacitycurve)下渗机理(mechanismofinfiltration)
Part2非饱和下渗理论()
下渗方程的导出(deductionofinfiltrationequation)
忽略重力作用的下渗方程的解(solutionundergravityneglected)
完全下渗方程的解(solutionunderwholecondition)
Part3饱和下渗理论()
基本方程的建立establishmentofbasicequation
下渗曲线的导出(deductionofinfiltrationcurve)
Chapter7蒸发与散发
蒸发与散发(Evaporation&Transpiration)
Part1蒸发现象及其控制条件(evaporationandcontrolconditions)
基本概念(basicconcepts)蒸发潜热(heatofvaporization)
蒸发率(evaporationrate)凝结潜热(condensationlatent)
蒸发能力(evaporationcapacity)蒸发分类classificationofevaporation
控制蒸发率的条件controllingconditionsforevaporation动力条件(dynamic)
气象条件meteorologicalcondition供水条件(watersupply)
Part2水面蒸发(watersurfaceevaporation)
太阳辐射(solarradiation)气压(airpressure)风速(windvelocity)
温度(temperature)湿度(humidity)水面大小(watersurfacearea)
水面形状(shapeofwaterbody)水深(waterdepth)水质(waterquality)
理论方法(theoreticalmethod)热量平衡法(heatbalancemethod)
空气动力学法(aerodynamicmethod)混合法(mixedmethod)
水量平衡法(waterbalancemethod)经验公式(empiricalequation)
器测法(instrument-measurementmethod)
水面蒸发的时空分布特点temporalspatialdistributioncharacteristics
Part3土壤蒸发
土壤蒸发过程(soilwaterevaporationprocesses)
土壤蒸发规律(soilwaterevaporationrules)
Part4植物散发
散发现象(phenomenaofplanttranspiration)植物散发规律(planttranspirationrules)
植物散发的确定(determinationoftranspiration)
Part5流域蒸散发(watershedevapotranspiration)
上层(UpperLayer)下层(LowerLayer)深层(DeepLayer)
Chapter8产流机制
产流机制:
mechanismofrunoffgeneration
径流(Runoff)径流形成过程(Rainfall-RunoffProcess)
径流深(RunoffDepth)径流量的时程分配(Temporaldistributionofrunoff)
Part1包气带及其结构(Aeration(vadose)zoneanditsstructure)
包气带和饱水带(aerationzoneorvadosezoneandSaturdayedzone)
特殊包气带(Specialaerationzone)
三相系统(three-phasesystem(liquid,gaseous,solid))
土壤结构(soilstructure)包气带结构(Thestructureofaerationzone)
高寒地带的包气带(aerationzoneinahighandcoldarea)
Part2包气带的水分动态及对降雨的再分配作用(Soilmoisturedynamicsinaerationzoneanditsrolesinpartitioningrainfall)
A、包气带水分动态(soilmoisturedynamicsinaerationzone)
包气带水分的增长(Soilmoistureincreaseinaerationzone)
包气带水分的消退(Recessionofsoilmoistureinaerationzone)
B、包气带对降雨的再分配作用(Theroleofaerationzoneinredistributingrainfall)
筛子(sieve)门槛(threshold)
C、包气带水量平衡方程式(Waterbalanceequationforaerationzone)
Part3产流的物理条件(Physicalconditionsforrunoffgeneration)
超渗地面径流(Hortonianoverlandflow)(Rainfallexcess)
壤中水径流产流(throughflow/subsurfaceflow/interflow)
饱和地面径流条件(saturatedoverlandflow)
回归流(returnflow)
Part4基本产流模式(Basicmodesofrunoffgeneration)
Chapter9地表水流
地表水流:
surfaceflow
Part1洪水波的形成及传播(Formationandpropagationoffloodwave)
A、洪水波运动(movementwave)
a、几何特征(geomtriccharacteristics)
波体(mainbodyoffloodwave)波高(waveheight)波长(wavelength)
b、附加比降(additionalslope)
c、相应流量与相应水位(Correspondingdischarge(waterlevels,stages))
d、波速(wavevelocity)e、坦化(attenuation)扭曲(distortion)
B、洪水运动的水力学描述(Hydraulicdescriptionoffloodwavemovement)
圣维南方程组(Saint-VenantEquations)
连续方程(Continuityequationormassconservationequation)
动力方程(Momentumequation)
C、洪水波的分类(Classificationoffloodwave)
空间惯性迁移惯性项(convectiveinertiaterm)重力(gravity)
时间惯性力局地惯性项(localinertiaterm)压力(pressure)阻力(friction)
D、运动波(Kinematicwave)
E、扩散波(Diffusionwave)
Part2(Storagetheory&storageequation)
A、河槽调节作用和河段水量平衡方程(Storageeffectsofariverchannelandwaterbalanceequationforareach)
蓄满产流(Runoffgenerationonrepletionofstorage)
超渗产流(Runoffgenerationinexcessofinfiltration)
B、槽蓄方程(Storageequation)
C、洪水波运动的水文学方法(Hydrologicalmethodoffloodwavemovement
D、特征河长(Characteristicriverlength)
F、槽蓄曲线的特性(NatureofStorage-dischargecurve)
Chapter10洪水演算
洪水演算(FloodRouting)
Part1引言(Introduction)
具有物理基础的洪水演算法(Physically-basedfloodroutingmethod)
质量守恒(massconservation)动量守恒(momentumconservation)
Part2线性扩散波演算法(Lineardiffusionwaveroutingmethod)
定解问题的构成(Compositionofsolutionproblems)基本解(Basicsolution)
出流过程的计算(Derivationofoutflowhydrograph)扩散波(Diffusionwave)
入流过程(Processingofinflowhydrograph)稳定流(Steadyflow)
参数的确定(Determinationofparameters)卷积公式(Convolutionformula)上断面洪水过程(inflowhydrographatuppersection)
半无限长,自由下边界(semi—infinitelong,freelowerboundary)
简单入流过程(Simpleinflowhydrograph)单位入流过程(UnitInflowhydrograph)
单位矩形入流过程(UnitRectangularPulseInput)
单位瞬时脉冲入流(UnitinstantaneousPulseInput)
入流过程离散化(Discretizinginflowhydrograph)汇流曲线(flowconcentrationcurve)
Part3线性特征河长演算法(Linearcharacteristiclengthroutingmethod)
描述洪水波运动的基本微分方程式(Basicdifferentialequationsoffloodwavemovement)
汇流曲线的确定(Determinationofflowconcentrationcurve)
Part4线性运动波演算法(Linearkinematicwaveroutingmethod)
运动波差分方程的建立(Differenceequationofkinematicwave)
数值扩散的概念(Numericaldiffusion)连续演算问题(successiverouting)
汇流系数的计算(Calculationofflowconcentrationcoefficient)
泰勒公式(Taylorformula)汇流系数(flowconcentrationcoefficient)
Chapter11流域产流
流域产流:
WatershedRunoffGeneration/Production
Part1引言(Introduction)
径流(Runoff)径流形成过程(Rainfall-RunoffProcess)
径流深