高考英语总复习阅读理解社会文化.docx
《高考英语总复习阅读理解社会文化.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高考英语总复习阅读理解社会文化.docx(26页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高考英语总复习阅读理解社会文化
高考英语总复习--阅读理解(社会文化)
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1.阅读理解
Tobeagoodteacher,youneedsomeofthegiftsofagoodactor;youmustbeabletoholdtheattentionandinterestofyouraudience;youmustbeaclearspeaker,withagood,strong,pleasantvoicewhichisfullyunderyourcontrol;andyoumustbeabletoactwhatyouareteaching,inordertomakeitsmeaningclear.
Watchagoodteacher,andyouwillseethathedoesn'tsitstillbeforehisclass;hestandsthewholetimeheisteaching;hewalksabout,usinghisarms,handsandfingerstohelphiminhisexplanations,andhisfacetoexpressfeelings.
Thereareveryimportantdifferencesbetweentheteacher'sworkandtheactor's.Theactorhastospeakwordswhichhehaslearntbyheart;hehastorepeatexactlythesamewordseachtimeheplaysacertainpart,evenhismovementsandthewaysinwhichheuseshisvoiceareusuallyfixedbeforehand(预先).Whathehastodoistomakeallthesecarefullylearntwordsandactionsseemnaturalonthestage.Agoodteacherworksinquiteadifferentway.Hisaudiencetakeanactivepartinhisplay:
theyaskandanswerquestions,theyobeyorders,andiftheydon'tunderstandanything,theysayso.Theteachercan'tlearnhispartbyheart,butmustinventitashegoesalong.
Ihaveknownmanyteacherswhoarefineactorsinclassbutareunabletotakepartinastage-playbecausetheycan'tkeepstrictlytowhatanotherhaswritten.
(1)Fromthepassage,weknow______.
A.agoodteachershouldbeagoodactor.
B.agoodteachermaybeunabletoactwellonthestage.
C.agoodactorshouldbeagoodteacher.
D.agoodactormayactwellinclass.
(2)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Agoodteachershouldspeakclearly.
B.Agoodteachershouldsitstillbeforehisclassandspeakwithhisbodylanguage.
C.Agoodactorshouldspeakasothershaveaskedhimtodo.
D.Agoodactorshouldrepeatexactlythesamewordseachtimeheplaysacertainpart.
(3)Theskillsofagoodteacherare______.
A.drawhisstudents'attention.
B.changehisvoicewhenneeded.
C.actoutwhatheisteaching.
D.alltheabove.
(4)Thetitle(标题)ofthepassageis______.
A.Howtobeagoodteacher.
B.Howtobeagoodactor.
C.Agoodteacher'sknowledge.
D.Agoodactor'sbehavior.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)B
(3)D
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了教师职业与演员职业的异同。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Ihaveknownmanyteacherswhoarefineactorsinclassbutareunabletotakepartinastage-playbecausetheycan'tkeepstrictlytowhatanotherhaswritten.”我认识许多老师,他们在课堂上是很好的演员,但在舞台剧中却表演不好,因为他们不能严格遵守别人提前写好的内容,可知,一个好老师不一定在表演台上能表演好。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Watchagoodteacher,andyouwillseethathedoesn'tsitstillbeforehisclass;hestandsthewholetimeheisteaching”看一个好老师,你会看到他常常不会静静地在教室前边坐着,他在教授的整节课上都会站着,可知,一个好老师不应该就在班级前坐着,所以选项B描述不正确。
故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第一段可知,要成为一名优秀的教师,你需要具备某些好演员的天赋。
你必须能hold住观众(学生)的注意力和兴趣点。
语言要清晰,声音要宏亮、悦耳,而且收放自如。
.而且为了让你所传授的东西更好地被理解,你应该能把你它表演出来。
,故选D。
(4)考查主旨大意。
本文第一段提出了做一名好老师应该具有的天赋,以及通过与演员职业对比,说明做老师与做演员的差异。
文章从前到后都在告诉我们如何才能成为一名好老师。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
BEIJING/SAOPAULO-Chinesetraditionslikecockfightinglike-flyingandfireworkshavebeenquitecommoninBrazilformanyyears.
Despitethethousandsofkilometersbetweenthem,China'shistoricalandartisticmarkonBrazilhasexistedforabout300years,saidBraziliansinologist(汉学家)JoseRobertoTeixeiraLeiteinhisbookChinainBrazil."InfluencesfromChinacandatefromthecolonialperiod,evenuptothetimeafterafterBrazil'sindependence."Thecommercialrelationshipbetweenthetwocountrieshasexistedforalongtime,henoted,addingthatincomingshipswouldfillupBraziliancitieslikeSalvador,RiodeJaneiroandRecifewithChineseproductslikeporcelain(瓷器),silkandfansHealsofoundChineseinfluencenotonlyintheartsandarchitectureofBrazilbutalsointhemostdiverseareasofBraziliansociety,liketheeconomy,medicineandpopularculture."Attheendofthe19thcentury,inPernambuco,(astateinnortheasternBrazil),therewasacustomthatchildrensleptwithclothesdecoratedwithChinesedragons."Teixeiraadded.
Thebooktookhimabout15yearstofinish."Theimpactofthebooksurprisedme,thoughitwaspublishedbyauniversitypublisherandithadaprintrunofjust1,000copies,"hesaid."SomehavesaidthatthebookrepresentsaturningpointinChinesestudiesinBrazil."
Besides,thesinologistdidresearchonthemarkandpresenceofChinainthearchitectureandartsofBrazil."ItwasthroughartthatChinaawokeinme,first,curiosity,afterthat,interest,andfinally,passion,"Teixeirasaid.
In1992,thesinologistvisitedMacaotodoresearchforhisdoctoralthesisaboutthemarksandpresenceofChinainBrazil,andthattripimpressedhimalot.In2013,TeixeirahadachancetovisittheChinesecitiesofBeijing,ShenzhenandShanghai,andgottoknow"thepastandpresentofthegreatcountryculturally,aswellasitsincrediblematerialdevelopment."
(1)Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceimply?
A.Brazilianchildren'slovefordragonsasChinesechildren.
B.ThedevelopmentofChina-Brazilfrequenttradecooperation.
C.Afurtherunderstandingoftheculturesofthetwocountries.
D.China'sinfluenceonmostdiverseareasofBraziliansociety.
(2)WhatmarksanewstageofChinesestudiesforBrazilian?
A.Children'sclothes.
B.Thesinologist'straveling.
C.Thesinologist'sbook.
D.China'sporcelain.
(3)Whatfiredthesinologist'spassionforChinesestudies?
A.Chineseart.
B.Chinesecustoms.
C.ThehistoryofChina.
D.China'sdevelopment.
(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?
A.TheImpressionofChinaonSinologist.
B.ChinaandBrazilinEyesofSinologist
C.AnIntroductiontoSinologist'sNewBook
D.TheFutureofChina-BrazilTradeRelations
【答案】
(1)D
(2)C
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了巴西汉学家JoseRobertoTeixeiraLeite眼中的中国和巴西。
(1)考查句义猜测。
根据第二段中的“InfluencesfromChinacandatefromthecolonialperiod,evenuptothetimeafterafterBrazil'sindependence.”可知中国的影响可以追溯到殖民地时代,甚至到巴西独立之后。
从画线句所在的句子“Attheendofthe19thcentury,inPernambuco,(astateinnortheasternBrazil),therewasacustomthatchildrensleptwithclothesdecoratedwithChinesedragons.可知19世纪末,在巴西东北部的一个州,伯南布哥,有一个习俗,孩子们睡在装饰有中国龙的衣服上。
因此,划线句子显示的是中国对巴西社会各个领域的影响。
故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的"‘Theimpactofthebooksurprisedme,thoughitwaspublishedbyauniversitypublisherandithadaprintrunofjust1,000copies,’hesaid.‘SomehavesaidthatthebookrepresentsaturningpointinChinesestudiesinBrazil.’"可知这本书的影响令我吃惊,尽管它是由一家大学出版社出版的,印刷量只有1000册。
有人说这本书代表了巴西中国研究的一个转折点。
因此,这本书标志着巴西人的汉语研究进入了一个新的阶段。
故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的"‘ItwasthroughartthatChinaawokeinme,first,curiosity,afterthat,interest,andfinally,passion,’Teixeirasaid.”可知正是通过艺术,中国在我心中觉醒,首先是好奇心,然后是兴趣,最后是激情,特谢拉说。
因此,是艺术激发了这位汉学家对中国研究的热情。
故选A。
(4)考查主旨大意。
纵观全文可知,巴西汉学家JoseRobertoTeixeiraLeite从艺术,商业,经济,医学,文化,建筑等方面介绍了中国对巴西的影响。
所以短文的最佳标题为“汉学家眼中的中国和巴西”。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Onhearingthewords"Justdoit!
",youwillknowthereisaNikeproductnearby.Ifit's“AlwaysCoca-Cola”,youcanbesuresomeonewantstosellyouarefreshingdrink.
Anadvertisingslogan(广告标语)istoabrandwhateyesaretoaperson.Thesloganhelpspeopleunderstandthebrandbetterbytellingthemwhatitwantstoselltoitscustomers.Goodslogansleaveamessageinsidepeople'sminds.It'salmostcertainthateverybrandhasapopularslogan.
Hereareafewexamples:
"Justdoit!
"-Thissloganspeaksouttoteens.Ittellsthemtodosomething,butonlyiftheythinkit'sworthit.Andifso,whynotdoitwearingNike?
"AlwaysCoca-Cola."-Coke'ssloganschangeeveryfewyears,butthisonehasenjoyedalastingpopularitybecauseitshowsthebrand'sspirit.Itseemstosay"Cokeistheonlydrinkthereis;therearenootherformsofdrinks."
"Sharemoments,sharelife."-ThissloganfromKodakconnectsphotosandbeauty.Itaskspeopletorememberthehappymomentsinlifebytakingphotosofthem-usingKodakfilmofcourse!
(1)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.JustDoIt!
B.SloganAndBrand
C.FamousSlogans
D.WhatIsAGoodSlogan?
(2)Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedsentence(paragraph2)?
A.Agoodadvertisingsloganshoulddrawpeople'sattention.
B.Abrandshouldhaveanadvertisingsloganjustaspeoplehaveeyes.
C.Anadvertisingsloganisasimportanttoabrandaseyesaretoaperson.
D.Anadvertisingsloganactsastheeyesofabrand.
(3)Theword"them"inthelastparagraphrefersto____.
A.people
B.thehappymoments
C.photosandbeauty
D.Kodakfilm
(4)Whichofthefollowingtablescanbestmatchthesloganswiththeirbrands?
A.
B.
C.
D.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)B
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了品牌与标语之间的关系。
(1)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“Onhearingthewords‘Justdoit!
’,youwillknowthereisaNikeproductnearby.Ifit's‘AlwaysCoca-Cola’,youcanbesuresomeonewantstosellyouarefreshingdrink.”介绍了品牌与标语之间的关系,下文举了几个例子,故选B。
(2)考查句义猜测。
根据第二段中的“Thesloganhelpspeopleunderstandthebrandbetterbytellingthemwhatitwantstoselltoitscustomers.Goodslogansleaveamessageinsidepeople'sminds.”标语帮助人们更好地理解品牌,告诉他们它想卖给顾客什么。
好的标语在人们的头脑中留下了一个信息。
可知,使用“Anadvertisingslogan(广告标语)istoabrandwhateyesaretoaperson.”作者把标语对于品牌的作用比作眼睛对于人的作用,也就是说广告标语对一个品牌和眼睛对一个人一样重要。
故选C。
(3)考查代词指代。
根据最后一段中“Itaskspeopletorememberthehappymomentsinlifebytakingphotosofthem-usingKodakfilmofcourse!
”可知,them指的是前文的“happymoments”。
故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“Thesloganhelpspeopleunderstandthebrandbetterbytellingthemwhat