基于S7200PLC的五层电梯的控制系统设计.docx

基于S7200PLC的五层电梯的控制系统设计.docx

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基于S7200PLC的五层电梯的控制系统设计

基于S7-200PLC的五层电梯的控制系统设计

摘要

本课题设计的意义在于改变了以往继电器控制的电梯可靠性和稳定性差的缺点，使用变频器调速，完成的主要工作有设定电梯正常运行速度，电梯轿厢加减速控制程序，平层后开关门判断程序以及LED显示部分的电路设计。

鉴于继电器控制存在着上述的种种弊端，现将PLC应用于电梯控制,收到了良好效果。

可编程控制器应用于电梯控制，用软件编程替代原有继电器硬件布线控制，使控制系统具有了极大的柔性和通用性。

随着人们对其要求的提高，电梯得到了快速发展，其拖动技术已经发展到了调频调压调速，其逻辑控制也由PLC代替原来的继电器控制。

本设计在已有的变频器的基础上，采用PLC对电梯进行控制，通过合理的选择和设计，提高了电梯的控制水平，并改善了电梯运行的舒适感，使电梯达到了较为理想的控制效果。

本设计涉及电梯PLC系统的设计安排以及电梯LED数码显示，电梯平层检测元件和PLC的变频器的使用等问题，用STEP7-Micro/WIN32软件来编写电梯程序,通过PLC的开关量断口发脉冲的方式实现电梯变频器的速度给定，其输出点可形成高速脉冲串输出（PTO）或（PWM），整个设计思路正确，有一定的技术含量，虽然是模型的设计，但可用于实际的应用和操作。

关键字：

可编程控制器，LED数码显示，变频器，电梯平层

Designofafive-floorelevatorcontrolsystem

BasedonS7–200PLC

Abstract

ThesignificanceofthedesigntaskwastochangethepastRelaycontrolofthereliabilityandstabilityoftheliftpoorshortcomings,UseFrequencyControl,themaintaskissetnormaloperatingspeedelevator,elevatorcarspeedcontrolprocedures,aftertheswitch-layerdoorsjudgmentproceduresandLEDdisplaypartofthecircuitdesign.

GivenRelaycontroloftheexistenceoftheabovedrawbacks,theprogrammablelogiccontrollerwillnowapplyelevatorcontrol,andgoodresults.Programmablecontrollerforelevatorcontrol,andsoftwareprogrammingtosubstitutetheoriginalwiringRelayhardwarecontrol,sothatthecontrolsystemhasatremendousflexibilityandversatility.Withtheimprovementoftheirclaims,thelifthasbeenrapiddevelopment,DragitstechnologyhasbeendevelopedtospeedtheFM_PM,LogicControlPLCalsoreplacethecontrolrelay.

Thedesignoftheexistingconverter,whichisbasedonPLConelevatorcontrol,throughtherationalchoiceanddesign,raisetheelevatorcontrollevels,andtoimprovetheoperationoftheelevatorcomfort,theliftreachedtheidealcontroleffect.InvolvedinthedesignoftheliftPLCsystemdesignarrangementsandliftLEDdigitaldisplay.Elevator-layercomponentsandtestingPLCandtheuseoffrequencyconverter,STEP7-Micro/WIN32softwareusedtopreparetheliftprocedures,PLCswitchingpulsefracturehairinawaythatliftsconvertertosetthepace,canexporttheirhigh-speedformationoutputpulsetrain（PTO）or（PWM）,thewholedesignconceptiscorrect,acertainlevelofskills,althoughthemodelisthedesign,butcanbeusedforpracticalapplicationandoperation.

Keywords：

ProgrammablelogicControllers,LEDdigitaldisplay,inverter,floorelevator

引言.........................................................................................................................................7

概述.........................................................................................................................................8

第1章电梯系统的控制简介......................................................................................................9

1.1电梯的简介..............................................................................................................................9

1.1.1中国电梯设计与制造新特点..........................................................................................9

1.1.2PLC与其他电梯控制系统的比较：

..............................................................................9

1.2电梯拖动系统及电梯的架构...............................................................................................10

1.2.1电梯的构造.....................................................................................................................10

1.2.2重要安全部件的介绍.....................................................................................................10

1.2.3电梯控制系统设计思想................................................................................................11

第2章可编程序控制器的选用................................................................................................12

2.1S7-200系列可编程序控制器简介.......................................................................................12

2.1.1S7-200可编程控制器的系统配置................................................................................12

2.1.2S7-200系列PLC软件....................................................................................................12

2.1.3电梯PLC控制系统.......................................................................................................14

2.2PLC控制的流程图及硬件结构图.......................................................................................15

2.3PLC控制硬件连接图............................................................................................................18

第3章变频器、霍尔传感器的选用.......................................................................................19

3.1变频器原理............................................................................................................................19

3.2变频器的选型........................................................................................................................19

3.2.1变频器选型时要确定以下几点....................................................................................19

3.2.2变频器与PLC的硬件连接...........................................................................................19

3.3霍尔传感器的应用................................................................................................................21

第4章控制梯形图的设计........................................................................................................22

4.1电梯控制系统实现的功能....................................................................................................22

4.1.1手动控制开关门程序......................................................................................................23

4.1.2自动控制开关门程序......................................................................................................25

4.2内指令外召唤信号的登记消除及显示...............................................................................27

4.2.1内选信号锁存.................................................................................................................27

4.2.2外呼信号锁存.................................................................................................................28

4.3换速、平层、停车................................................................................................................32

4.3.1设定电梯正常运行速度................................................................................................32

4.3.2电梯轿厢加速控制程序................................................................................................35

4.3.3电梯轿厢减速控制程序................................................................................................37

4.3.4平层后开关门判断程序................................................................................................39

4.4楼层位置指示........................................................................................................................42

4.4.1轿厢楼层位置检测方法................................................................................................42

4.4.2显示楼层控制.................................................................................................................42

结论与展望...................................................................................................................................44

致谢.......................................................................................................................................45

参考文献.......................................................................................................................................46

附录A外文文献及其译文........................................................................................................47

附录B主要参考文献及摘要....................................................................................................51

附录C主要源程序.....................................................................................................................52 

插图清单

图2-1Step7-Micro/Win4.0的控制界面................................................................................13

图2-2电梯控制系统硬件结构框...........................................................................................15

图2-3PLC控制的流程图.......................................................................................................17

图2-4硬件连接图....................................................................................................................18

图3-1变频器硬件连接图........................................................................................................20

图3-2霍尔开关元件工作电路...............................................................................................21

图4-1手动控制开关门程序....................................................................................................24

图4-2开门信号复位控制........................................................................................................25

图4-3自动控制开关门程序....................................................................................................25

图4-4关门信号复位控制........................................................................................................26

图4-5内选信号锁存程序........................................................................................................27

图4-6一层上呼信号锁存程序...............................................................................................28

图4-7二层下呼信号锁存程序...............................................................................................29

图4-8二层上呼信号锁存程序...............................................................................................29

图4-9三层下呼信号锁存程序...............................................................................................30

图4-10三层上呼信号锁存程序.............................................................................................30

图4-11四层下呼信号锁存程序..............................................................................................31

图4-12四层上呼信号锁存程序.............................................