北京大学博士英语考试试题和解析.docx

北京大学博士英语考试试题和解析.docx

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北京大学博士英语考试试题和解析

PartTwo：

StructureandWrittenExpression（20%）

Directions：

Foreachquestiondecidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.MarkyourchoicesontheAnswerSheet.

11．Whethertheextensionofconsciousnessisa“goodthing”forhumanbeingisaquestionthat

awidesolution.

A．admitsofB.requiresofC.needsofD.seeksfor

12．Inaculturelikeours,longallthingsasameansofcontrol,itissometimesabitofashocktoberemindedthatthemediumisthemessage.

A．accustomedtosplitanddivided

B．accustomedtosplittinganddividing

C．accustomedtosplitanddividing

D．accustomedtosplittinganddivided

13．Applepieisneithergoodnorbad;itisthewayitisusedthatdeterminesitsvalue.

A.atitselfB.asitselfC.onitselfD.initself

14．usearlier,yourrequesttothefull.

A.Youhavecontacted…wecouldcomplywith

B.Hadyoucontacted…wecouldhavecompliedwith

C.Youhadcontacted…couldwehavecompliedwith

D.Haveyoucontacted…wecouldcomplywith

15．TheAmericanRevolutionhadnomedievallegalinstitutionstoortorootout,apartfrommonarchy.

A.discardB.discreetC.discordD.disgorge

16.Livingconstantlyintheatmosphereofslave,hebecameinfectedtheunconscioustheirpsychology.Noonecanshieldhimselfsuchaninfluence.

A.on…by…atB.by…for…in

C.from…in…onD.through…with…from

17.Theeffectofelectrictechnologyhadatfirstbeenanxiety.Nowitappearstocreate

.

A.boreB.boredC.boredomD.bordom

18.Jazztendstobeacasualdialogueformofdancequiteinthereceptiveandmechanicalformsofthewaltz.

A.lackedB.lackingC.forlackofD.lackof

19.Therearetoomanycomplainsaboutsocietymovetoofasttokeepupwiththemachine.

A.thathavetoB.havetoC.havingtoD.hasto

20.Thepoorgirlspentoverhalfayearinthehospitalbutsheisnowforit.

A.nonetheworseB.nonethebetter

C.neverworseD.neverbetter

21.Asthesilentfilmsound,sodidthesoundfilmcolor.

A.criedoutfor…criedoutforB.cryoutfor…cryoutfor

C.hadcriedoutfor…criedoutforD.hadcriedoutfor…cryoutfor

22.Whilehiseffortsweretremendoustheresultsappearedtobevery.

A.triggerB.meagerC.vigorD.linger

23.Westernmanishimselfbeingde-Westernizedbyhisownspeed-up,byindustrialtechnology.

A.asmuchtheAfricansaredetribalized

B.theAfricansaremuchbeingdetribalized

C.asmuchastheAfricansarebeingdetribalized

D.asmuchastheAfricansaredetribalized

24.Weadmirehiscourageandself-confidence.

A.canbutB.cannotonlyC.cannotbutD.canonlybut

25.Inthe1930’s,whenmillionsofcomicbooksweretheyoungwithfightingandkilling,nobodyseemedtonoticethattheviolenceofcarsinthestreetswasmorehysterical.

A.inundatingB.imitatingC.immolatingD.insulating

26.youpromiseyouwillworkhard,supportyoutocollege.

A.Ifonly…willIB.Only…Iwill

C.Onlyif…willID.Onlyif…Iwill

27.ItisoneoftheironiesofWesternmanthathehasneverfeltinventionasathreattohiswayoflife.

A.anyconcernwithB.anyconcernabout

C.anyconcerninD.anyconcernat

28.Oneroomschools,withallsubjectsbeingtaughttoallgradesatthesametime,simply

whenbettertransportationpermitsspecializedspacesandspecializedteaching.

A.resolvedB.absolvedC.dissolvedD.solved

29.Peoplearelivinglongerandnotsavingenough,whichmeanstheywilleitherhavetowork

longer,livelessinretirementorbailedbythegovernment.

A.in…for…upB.for…on…out

C.by…in…onD.on…for…out

30.Thecountrysdeficitthatyeartoarecord1698billiondollars

A.soaredB.souredC.soredD.sourced

PartThree:

CloseTest（10%）

Directions:

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandchooseONEbestwordforeachnumberedblank.MarkyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.

2009wastheworstyearfortherecordlabelsinadecade31was2008,andbeforethat2007and2006.Infact,industryrevenueshavebeen32forthepast10years.Digitalsalesaregrowing,butnotasfastastraditionalsalesarefalling.

Maybethat’sbecauseillegaldownloadsaresoeasy.Peoplehavebeen33intellectualpropertyforcenturies,butitusedtobeatime-consumingwaytogeneratemarkedly34copies.Thesedays,high-qualitycopiesare35.AccordingtothePewInternetproject,peopleusefile-sharingsoftwaremoreoftenthantheydoiTunesandotherlegalshops.

I’dliketobelieve,asmanyofmyfriendsseemto,thatthispracticewon’tdomuchharm.ButevenasI’veheardoverthepastdecadethatthingsweren’t36bad,thatthemusicindustrywasmovingtoanew,betterbusinessmodel,eachyear’snumbershavebeenworse.Maybeit’stimetoadmitthatwemayneverfindawayto37consumerswhowantfreeentertainmentwithcreatorswhowanttogetpaid.

38onthisproblem,thecomputationalneuroscientistAndersSandbergrecentlynotedthatalthoughwehavestronginstinctivefeelingsaboutownership,intellectualpropertydoesn’talways39thatframework.Theharmdonebyindividualactsofpiracyistoosmallandtooabstract.“Thenatureofintellectualproperty,”hewrote,“makesithardtomaintainthesocialandempathic40thatkeep（s）usfromtakingeachother’sthings.”

31.A.AsB.SameC.ThusD.So

32.A.stagnatingB.decliningC.increasingD.stultifying

33.A.takingB.robbingC.stealingD.pirating

34.A.upgradedB.inferiorC.ineffectiveD.preferable

35.A.numerousB.ubiquitousC.accessibleD.effortless

36.A.soB.thisC.thatD.much

37.A.satisfyB.helpC.reconcileD.equate

38.A.BasedB.CapitalizingC.ReflectingD.Drawing

39.A.matchupwithB.fillinC.fitintoD.setup

40.A.constraintsB.consciousnessC.normD.etiquette

PartIV:

ReadingComprehension（20%）

Directions:

Eachofthefollowingfourpassagesisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachquestionorunfinishedstatement,fouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.MarkyourchoicesontheAnswerSheet.

PassageOne

Cancerhasalwaysbeenwithus,butnotalwaysinthesameway.Itscareandmanagementhavedifferedovertime,ofcourse,butso,too,haveitsidentity,visibility,andmeanings.Pickupthethreadofhistoryatitsmostdistantendandyouhavecancerthecrab—sonamedeitherbecauseoftheramifyingvenousprocessesspreadingoutfromatumororbecauseitspainislikethepinchofacrab’sclaw.Premoderncancerisalump,aswellingthatsometimesbreaksthroughtheskininulcerationsproducingfoul-smellingdischarges.TheancientEgyptiansknewaboutmanytumorsthathadabadoutcome,andtheGreeksmadeadistinctionbetweenbenigntumors（oncos）andmalignantones（carcinos）.InthesecondcenturyA．D．,Galenreckonedthatthecausewassystemic,anexcessofmelancholyorblackbile,oneofthebody’sfour“humors,”broughtonbybaddietandenvironmentalcircumstances.Ancientmedicalpractitionerssometimescuttumorsout,buttheprognosiswasknowntobegrim.Describingtumorsofthebreast,anEgyptianpapyrusfromabout1600B．C．concluded:

“Thereisnotreatment.”

Theexperienceofcancerhasalwaysbeenterrible,but,untilmoderntimes,itsmarkontheculturehasbeenlight.Inthepast,fearcoagulatedaroundotherwaysofdying:

infectiousandepidemicdiseases（plague,smallpox,cholera,typhus,typhoidfever）;“apoplexies”（whatwenowcallstrokesandheartattacks）;and,mostnotablyinthenineteenthcentury,“consumption”（tuberculosis）.Theagonizingmannerofcancerdeathwasdreaded,butthatfearwasnotcentrallysituatedinthepublicmind—asitnowis.ThisisonereasonthatthemedicalhistorianRoyPorterwrotethatcanceris“themoderndiseaseparexcellence,”andthatMukherjeecallsit“thequintessentialproductofmodernity.”

Atonetime,itwasthoughtthatcancerwasa“diseaseofcivilization,”belongingtomuchthesamecausaldomainas“neurasthenia”anddiabetes,theformeranervousweaknessbelievedtobebroughtaboutbythestressofmodernlifeandthelatteraconditionproducedbybaddietandindolence.Intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,somephysiciansattributedcancer—notablyofthebreastandtheovaries—topsychologicalandbehavioralcauses.WilliamBuchan’swildlypopulareighteenth-centurytext“DomesticMedicine”judgedthatcancersmightbecausedby“excessivefear,grief,religiousmelancholy.”Inthenineteenthcentury,referencewasrepeatedlymadetoa“cancerpersonality,”and,insomeversions,specificallytosexualrepression.AsSusanSontagobserved,cancerwasconsideredshameful,nottobementioned,evenobscene.AmongtheRomanticsandtheVictorians,sufferinganddyingfromtuberculosismightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement;cancerdeathwasnothingofthesort.“Itseemsunimaginable,”Sontagwrote,“toaestheticize”cancer.

41.Accordingtothepassage,theancientEgyptians.

A.calledcancerthecrab

B.wereabletodistinguishbenigntumorsandmalignantones

C.foundoutthecauseofcancer

D.knewaboutalotofmalignanttumors

42.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthecancersofthepastisbestsupportedbythepassage?

A.Ancientpeopledidnotlivelongenoughtobecomepronetocancer

B.Inthepast,peopledidnotfearcancer

C.Cancerdeathmightbeconsideredabadgeofrefinement

D.Somephysiciansbelievedthatonesownbehavioralmodecouldleadtocancer

43.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonforcancertobecalled“themoderndisease”?

A.Moderncancercareisveryeffective

B.Thereisalotmorecancernow

C.People