高一英语上册语法复习.docx

高一英语上册语法复习.docx

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高一英语上册语法复习

高一英语上册语法复习

TheAttributiveClause

定语从句

1.定义：

在复合句中用来用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

2.先行词：

被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。

3.关系代词、关系副词：

引导定语从句的词

关系代词：

Who,whom,whose,which,that等

关系副词：

When,where,why等

关系代词和关系副词的作用：

1、引导作用2、替代作用

3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用

Eg:

1.Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.

2.Thisisthehousewherehewasborn.

3.Bill,whowashereyesterday,askedmealotofquestions.

关系代词的用法

关系副词的用法

判断下列引导词在句中的用法指代、所作成分、是否可省略.

Eg:

1.Heissuchamanwhonevertellsalie.

2.Heisthemodelworkerwhom/whoweshouldlearnfrom.

3.Adictionaryisabookwhichoftenhelpsustoknowthemeaningsofthewords.

4.ThisisthefilmwhichIlikebest.

5.Theboywhosefatherisaprofessorisoneofmybestfriends.

6.Thehousewhoseroofwasblownawaybythestormwillberebuiltsoon.

7.Itwas11o’clockwhentheaccidenthappenedlastnight.

8.ThisisthevillagewhereIwasbroughtup.

关系代词which和that的区别：

A.关系代词必须用that的情形：

ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.

Thefirstmanarrivedattheclasswasourheadteacher.

ThisistheonlyticketthatIgotyesterday.

ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.

IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?

Allthatyouhavetodoistopressthebutton.

Thereisnotimethatwecanwaste.

Thecaranditsdriverthatknockeddowntheoldladyhavebeentakentothepolicestation.

Summarize:

只能用that引导定语从句的几种情况

1）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。

2）先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。

3）先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等.

4）先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。

5）先行词既有人又有物时。

B.指物时，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用which

Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.

Practice:

1.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_____hesawatthefront.

A.whatB.that  C.which  D.where

2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_______shecouldturnforhelp.（1992）

A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom

3.Idon’tlike__________youspeaktoher.（1993上海）

A.thewayB.thewayinthat

C.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich

（BDA）

Correctthefollowingsentences:

1.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveseen.

2.That’sallwhichwanttosay.

（ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.

That’sallthatIwanttosay.）

3.Isthereanythingwhichyouwantinthisshop?

4.Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbookswhich/whowereunknowntousall.

5.Theroominthatshelivesisalargeone.

（Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop?

Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.

Theroominwhichshelivesisalargeone.）

关系副词when,where,why的用法

1.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?

Doyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?

2.Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.

Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatheronceworked.

3.Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.

Thisisthereasonforwhichhewaslate.

Summarize:

在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加上which，在从句中作状语

When=in/at/on/…+which;

Where=in/at/on/…+which;

Why=for/…+which

Practice:

 1.----IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.（1999）

---Isthatthereason_______youhadafewdaysoff?

A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where

2.I’mgoingtovisittheschool_________mymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.

A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what

3.Doyoustillremembertheday___________IfirstcametoBeijing?

A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where

（AAC）

关系副词when,where和关系代词that,which的区分

同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；

同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when，有时使用that/which

主要看：

从句意思是否完整；完整的话需用关系副词，若意思不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分。

请比较以下句子：

Thisistheparkthatwevisitedlastyear.（从句意思不完整需要加宾语）

Thisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty.（从句完整，只需加上特定的关系副词）

That’sthedatethatshewon’tforgetforever.

That’sthedatewhenwewenttothecollege.

Ilikethetimethatwehadtogether.

Ilikethetimewhenwelivedtogether.

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

定义：

限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的修饰成分，否则主句的意思不完整或不成立。

非限制性定语从句只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后主句的意思照样完整。

Comparethefollowingsentences:

Amanwhodoesnottrytolearnfromotherscan’tachievemuch.

There’remanyplays（that）I’dliketosee.

ThisnotewasleftbyXiaoWu,whowasjusthere.

YesterdayMrBrownpaidavisittoHangzhou,whichisfamousforitsWestLake.

Theyhaveinvitedmetovisittheircountry,whichisverykindofthem.

Summarize:

1.限制性定语从句常和先行词紧密相连；非限制

性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号分开。

2.非限制性定语从句不能用that来引导。

3.非限制性定语从句有时可以用来修饰整个句子。

*关系代词和人称代词/指示代词的选择

①Hehasthreesons,noneof_____isadoctor.

②Hehasthreesons,butnoneof____isadoctor.

③Hehasthreesons,_______aredoctors.

④Hehasthreesons;____aredoctors.

A.whomB.themC.theyD.who

（ADBC）

Practice:

1.________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.（2001）

A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What

2.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,________ofgreatimportancetoscience. （1998）

A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitis

C.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis

3.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,__________

hasagreateffectonmylife.（1994上海）

A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who

（BAB）

Correctmistakesforthefollowingsentences.

1.Underthebigtreeare34students,manyofthemcomefromclasstwo.

2.Mymotherhasagoodbook,whichcoverlooksterrible.

3.Whoaretheyounggirlswhoarehavingdinnerintherestaurant?

4.Sheisoneofthegirlswhoisveryinterestedinmaths.

5.Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswholikeplayingfootball.

6.Whoisthegirlthatyoutalkedtoherjustnow?

7.Thisistheverypenthatyougaveittomebefore.

8.Thereisanoldwoman,thatisholdingastick.

（whom、whose、that、are、likes、去掉her、去掉it、who）

主动表示被动：

某些感官动词和系动词加形容词可以表示被动意义，如look,smell,taste,feel,prove,wear,sound等

Theflowersmellssweet.

Thedishtastesdelicious.

Theclothfeelsverysoft.

Thestoneshavewornsmooth.

更多资源

2.某些及物动词后加副词（有些可不加副词）表示事物固有的属性或特征,也可以表示被动意义，如wash,write,sell,read,open,cut,lock,peel,pack,play,shut,spot,split,strike,record,act,clean,draw,iron,keep,photograph等

Thistypeofrecordersellswell.

Thatkindofshirtwashesverywell.

Ripeapplespeeleasily.

Theplayswon’tact.

Nylondriesquickly.

6）Thenovelreadswell.

7）Thedooropenswithdifficulty.

8）Thewoodwon’tburn.

9）Waterheatsrapidly.

10）Thiskindofshirtcleanseasily.

11）Hercoatcaughtinthedoor/onthenail.

比较：

1.Theboxdoesn’tlock.

这个箱子锁不上。

（箱子本身的性质）

2.Theboxwasnotlocked.

这个箱子没有上锁。

（箱子当时的状态）

3.Thetheoryprovedtobecorrect.

那个理论证明是正确的。

（含有自身证明的特征）

4.Thetheorywasprovedtobecorrect.

那个理论被证明是正确的。

（被人证明）

3.want,need,require,和beworth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。

Thebookisworthreading.

Thecoatrequiresmending.

Thechildrenneedslookingafter.

Thetablewantscleaning.

某些作表语（expensive,cheap,difficult,fit,hard,light,heavy,easy,的形容词后，用不定式形式表示被动意义。

⑴Theboxistooheavytolift.

⑵Sheiseasytoapproach.

⑶Thefishisnotfittoeat.

⑷Heishardtoplease.

⑸Thepassageisdifficulttoread.

⑹Thejewelistooexpensivetobuy.

Therearealotofworktodo/tobedone.

Therearealotofworkforustodo.

被动语态ThePassiveVoice

1、了解被动语态

被动语态构成：

be+P.P

2、形式:

1）一般现在时：

am/is/are+P.P

1.英语中有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态

2）一般过去时：

was/were+P.P

3）情态动词+be+P.P

4）一般将来时：

will+be+p.p

5）现在完成时：

have/has+been+P.P

6）现在进行时态：

is/am/are+being+P.P

1.BananasaregrowninHainan.（海南种植香焦。

）

2.Manymoretreeswillbeplantedinourschoolnextyear.（我们学校明年将种更多的树。

）

3.Werethetreesplantedbyhim.这些树是他种的吗？

4.Youngtreesmustbelookedafter.

（必须照看好小树）

5.Thebuildingisbeingbuilt.

（那栋楼房正在建设中。

）

6.Thehomeworkhasbeenfinishedyet.

（家作已经做完了。

）

语态转换

1.HeteachesEnglishinourschool.

Englishistaughtinourschoolbyhim.

宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动

2.Weplantedmanytreeslastyears.

Manytreeswereplantedbyuslastyear.

过去时的被动语态：

was/were+P.P

3.Weshouldplantmanymoretrees.

Manymoretreesshouldbeplantedbyus.

含情态动词的被动语态：

情态动词+be+PP

4.ShewillteachClass6.

Class6willbetaughtbyher.

将来时的被动语态：

Will/shall+be+PP

5.Manycountrieshavesentupsatellitesintospace.

Satelliteshavebeensentupintospacebymanycountries.

完成时的被动语:

Have/has+been+PP

6.SheisteachingClass6.

Class6isbeingtaughtbyher.

现在进行时的被动语态：

is+being+pp

7.Shegavemeabook.

Iwasgivenabookbyher.

Abookwasgiventomebyher.

如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前to/for（pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell…）

8.Hemademedothework.

Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.

这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来。

（feel,listento,hear,lethave,make,lookat,see,watch…）

9.Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.

Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.

注意：

含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个

整体，不可把它们分隔开来。

1Stamps______bypeopleforsendingletters.

A.useB.usingC.usedD.areused.

2.Mustoldpeople_____topolitely?

A.speakB.spokenC.bespokeD.bespoken

3.Bikemustn’t_____everywhere.

A.beupB.beputC.putC.putting

4.Thewomanfelloffthebikeand____ontheroad.

A.layB.waslainC.liedD.haslain

（DDBA）

5.Theoldmanandthechildren_____inourcountry.

A.musttakegoodcare.B.mustbetakegoodcareof

C.musttakegoodcareofDmustbetakengoodcareof

6.Alltreesmust_____wellwhenitisdry.

A.bewaterB.wateringC.waterD.bewatered

7.__Ithinktheshop_____________.

__No,it’sopen.It_____________atsix.

close,closeBclosed,closed

C.closed;closesD.isclosed,closes

（DDD）

将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。

1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.

Thework_______________intwodays.

2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.

Silk___________inSuzhou.

3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.

AnEnglishsong_______________bythec