高中英语省略句用法详解及练习.docx
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高中英语省略句用法详解及练习
省略句
为了使话说得简明扼要,英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。
这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象,称为省略(ellipsis)
种类
例句
说明
主语的省略
Beautifulday(=Itisabeautifulday),isn’tit?
Pitywelivesofarfromthesea.(Itisapitywelivesofarfromthesea.)
有时也可省略整个句子的主语和谓语,只保留次要成分。
Shewaspoorbut(shewas)honest.
--Didyouknowanythingabouttheaccident?
--Notuntilyoutoldme.(=Ididn’tknowanythingaboutituntilyoutoldme.)
谓语的省略
--whatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?
--Losinghernewbicycle(madeMarysoupset).
状语从句的省略
Seenfromtheplane(whenitisseenfromtheplane),thehouselooksliketinytoys.
If(itis)possible,I’llgotherewithyou.
注意状语从句中的主语同主句主语的一致性。
不定式的省略
Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnotto.(nottoridehisbicycleinthestreet.)
--Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?
--Iwasgoingto(comeyesterday),butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.
若不定式后面是完成时,省略时应保留have;不定式后含有动词be的结构时,也要保留be动词。
--Didyoutellhimthenews?
--Ioughttohave(toldhimthenews),butIdidn’tknowhowtospeak.
--Areyouanengineer?
--No,butIwanttobe.
Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法
一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式(am/is/are/was/were),可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。
1、when,while引导的时间状语从句
e.g.Dobecarefulwhen(youare)crossingthestreet.
When/While(Iwas)onmywaytowork,Imether.
2、if,unless,once引导的条件状语从句
e.g.If(itis)properlytreated,wastewilldonoharmtotheenvironment.
I’llnotgotothepartyunless(Iam)invited.
Once(youare)caughtstealinginasupermarket,youwillbepunished.
3、though,although,whether,nomatterwhether/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句
e.g.Hewashappy,though/although(hewas)poor.
Whether(sheis)sickorwell,sheisalwayscheerful.
Nomatterhow/Howeverhardthetask(is),wemustfulfillitintime.(注:
从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时,只省略从句中的be动词形式)
4、asif,asthough引导的方式状语从句
e.g.Herubbedhiseyesandyawnedasif/though(hewas)wakingupafteralongsleep.
Hestoodupasif/though(hewanted)toleave.(asif/though+todo表示一个将来的动作)
二、than,as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法:
当不同的主语进行比较时,一般省略从句中的谓语;当从句中的主语与谓语(be动词除外)和主句中的主语与谓语相同时,通常省略从句中的主语和谓语,只保留比较部分。
e.g.Heistallerthanhisbrother(is).
Ihaveasmuchasconfidenceinyouas(Ihaveconfidence)inhim.
三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法:
通常省略了itis,thatis,thereis/are。
e.g.If(itis)possible/necessary,thisoldtemplewillberebuilt.
If(thatis)so,Iwillcallyoubackat5:
00pm.
Thereareonlyafewbooksinourschoollibrary,if(thereare)any.
Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法
关系词的省略关系代词that,which,whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时,可以省略;inwhich或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。
e.g.Theman(that/who/whom)youvisitedlastnightismygrandpa.
Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)youtreatthegirl.
Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略
1、当条件状语从句中有were,had,should等时省略if,把它们提至句首,形成倒装句。
e.g.IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.
=WereIateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.
2、Suggest,insist,order,require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句中,谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
e.g.Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytoloseweight.
Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略
1、感官动词see,hear,feel,watch等和使役动词have,make,let等后接不定式作宾语时,不定式省略to。
(一感feel,二听hear,listento,三让have,let,make,四看see,lookat,observe,watch)
2、donothingbut,can’thelpbut等结构常接省略to的不定式。
E.g.Wedidn’tdoanythingbutstayathomewatchingTVyesterday.
Hearingthenews,shecouldn’thelpbutcry.
3、在特定语境中为了避免重复,当不定式再次出现时,在want,wish,hope,try,plan,like,love,hate后往往只保留to,而省略后面的动词。
但不定式后有be,have时,也保留be和have。
E.g.Myparentsencouragedmetogotocollege,butIdidn’twantto.
Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略
用于避免重复前面所说过的内容,替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。
可与believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think,I’mafraid等连用
e.g.–Doyousupposeheisgoingtoattendthemeeting?
–Isupposenot.
Ⅵ、日常交际中的省略
在情景会话中,答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分,而只保留对方希望了解的内容。
在复合句或并列句中,也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。
e.g.–Howmanycopiesdoyouwant?
--(Iwant)Threecopies,please.
--HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?
--No,(Ihave)never(beentotheGreatWall).
省略句练习
1.Whenfirst________tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.(NMET2004全国卷II)
A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced
2.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen________atthemeetingbymyboss.(NMET2004全国卷IV)
A.questioningB.havingquestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned
3.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif________whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.(NMET2003安徽春)
A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.tosee
4.Generallyspeaking,________accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.(NMET2003上海卷)
A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken
5.Unless________tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.(NMET2003上海春)
A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited
6.When________,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(NMET2002上海春)
A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted
7.Though________money,hisparentsman-agedtosendhimtouniversity.(NMET2002上海卷)
A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin
8.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(NMET2002)
A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun
9.—You'realwaysworking.Comeon,let'sgoshopping.
—________youeverwanttodoisgoingshopping.(NMET2002北京、安徽、内蒙古春)
A.AnythingB.SomethingC.AllD.That
10.Isthisthereason________atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?
(NMET2002上海春)
A.heexplained
B.whatheexplained
C.howheexplained
D.whyheexplained
11.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut________hesaidit.(NMET2004湖北卷)
A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich
12.Itiseasytodotherepair.________youneedisahammerandsomenails.(NMET2004天津卷)
A.SomethingB.AllC.BothD.Everything
13.That'sanunpleasantthingtosayaboutyourfatherafter________he'sdoneforyou.(NMET2004全国卷)
A.somethingB.anythingC.allD.that
14.Asyou'veneverbeentherebefore,I'llhavesomeone________youtheway.(MET1990上海卷)
A.toshowB.showC.showingD.showed
15.—I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?
—Notatall,________.(NMET1995)
A.IhavenotimeB.I'drathernotC.I'dlikeitD.I'dbehappyto
16.—DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGerman?
—Yes,heintends________.(NMET1998上海卷)
A./B.toC.soD.that
17.—WouldyouliketogototheGrandTheatrewithmetonight?
—________.(NMET1999上海卷)
A.Yes,I'dliketogototheGrandTheatre
B.I'dliketo,butIhaveanexamtomorrow
C.No,Iwon't
D.That'sright
18.—Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.
—Imeant________,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tfindheranywhere.(NMET2000北京春招卷)
A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingto
19.________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.(NMET1994上海卷)
A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will
20.________forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.(NMET1995上海卷)
A.IfitisnotB.WereC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot
21.Iwillknowwhatwasonhismindatthetime,norwill________.(NMET2004江苏卷)
A.anyoneB.anyoneelseC.nooneD.nooneelse
22.Ofthemakingofgoodbooksthereisnoend;neither________anyendtotheirinfluenceonman'slives.(NMET2004广东卷)
A.thereisB.thereareC.isthereD.arethere
23.—Iwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!
—________.(NMET2004全国卷III)
A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldIC.SamewithmeD.SodoI
Keys:
1—5BCDBA6—10AADCA11—15AACBD16—20BBBBC21—23BCB
英语中的插入语
插入语一般对一句话作一些附加的说明。
它是中学英语语法的重点,也是高考的考点。
通常与句中其它部分没有语法上的联系,将它删掉之后,句子结构仍然完整。
掌握这一语言现象不仅有利于对英语句子等的理解,还有利于提高写作等的水平。
插入语的类型较多,常见的如下几种:
一、形容词(短语)作插入语。
能用作插入语的形容词(短语)常见的有:
true,wonderful,excellent,strangetosay,mostimportantofall,sureenough等。
如:
True,itwouldbetoobad. 真的,太糟了。
Wonderful,wehavewonagain. 太好了,我们又赢了。
Strangetosay,hehasn’tgotmyletteruptonow. 说来也奇怪,他到现在还没有收到我的信。
Mostimportantofall,wemustlearnalltheskills. 最重要的是,我们必须掌握所有的技巧。
二、副词(短语)作插入语。
能用作插入语的副词(短语)有:
indeed,surely,still,otherwise,certainly,however,generally,personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily,though,besides,exactly,perhaps,maybe,probably,frankly,orrather(更精确的说;倒不如说)等。
如:
Whenhegottothere,hefound,however,thattheweatherwastoobad. 可是到了那儿之后他发现,那儿的天气太坏了。
Otherwise,hewouldstillbeathome. 不然的话,他还会在家的。
三、介词短语作插入语。
能用作插入语的介词短语有:
infact,inone’sopinion,ingeneral,inaword,inotherwords,inafewwords,ofcourse,bytheway,asaresult,forexample,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,toone’ssurprise,inshort,asamatteroffact,inconclusion,inbrief等。
如:
Youcan’twaitanymore-inotherwords,youshouldstartatonce. 你不能再等了——换言之,你得立即出发。
Onthecontrary,weshouldstrengthenourcorporationwiththem. 相反,我们应该加强和他们的合作。
四、V-ing(短语)作插入语。
能用作插入语的V-ing(短语)常见的有:
generallyspeaking,strictlyspeaking,judgingfrom/by,talkingof,considering等。
如:
Generallyspeaking,theweatherthereisneithertoocoldinwinternortoohotinsummer. 一般来说,那儿的气候冬天不太冷,夏天不太热。
Judgingbyhisclothes,hemaybeanartist. 从衣着来判断,他可能是个艺术家。
五、不定式短语作插入语。
能用作插入语的不定式短语有:
tobefrank,tobehonest,tobesure,totellyouthetruth,tomakemattersworse,tosumup,tostartwith,tobeginwith等。
如:
Tobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou. 坦率地说,我不太同意你的意见。
Totellyouthetruth,I’mnotsointerestedinthematter. 跟你说实话,我对这件事情的兴趣不大。
Tosumup,successresultsfromhardwork. 总而言之,成功是艰苦努力的结果。
六、句子(陈述句和一般疑问句)作插入语。
能用作插入语的句子有:
Iamsure,Ibelieve,Ithink,Iknow,Isuppose,Ihope,I’mafraid,yousee,what’smore,thatistosay,asweknow,asIsee,believeitorno