有机化学专业英语.docx

有机化学专业英语.docx

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有机化学专业英语

烷基Alkyl[?

?

lkil]

芳基aryl[?

?

ril]

甲基methyl[?

meθil]

亚甲基methylene[?

meθili:

n]

乙基ethyl[?

eθil,?

eθ?

l]

丙基propyl[?

pr?

upil]

异丙基isopropyl[?

ais?

u?

pr?

upil]

丁基butyl[?

bju:

til]

戊基pentyl[?

pentil]

己基hexyl[?

heksil]

庚基heptyl[?

heptil]

辛基octyl[?

?

kt?

l]

壬基nonyl[?

n?

nil]

奎基decyl['des?

l]?

[di:

'sil]?

叔丁基tert-butyl

异丁基iso-butyl

环戊基cyclopentyl[]

环己基cyclohexyl[]

甲氧基methoxyl['met?

ks?

l]?

乙氧基ethoxyl[e?

θ?

ksil]

丁氧基butoxyl

酰基acyl[?

?

sil]

甲酰基formyl[?

f?

:

mil]

乙酰基acetyl[?

?

sitil]

乙烯基vinyl[?

va?

n?

l]或ethenyl

丁烯基butenyl[?

bjut?

nil]

己烯基hexenyl

庚烯基heptenyl[?

hept?

?

nil]

烯丙基allyl[?

?

lil]

乙炔基ethinyl[e?

θainil]或alkynyl

硝基nitro[?

naitr?

u]

亚硝基nitroso[nai?

tr?

us?

u]

氨基amino[?

?

mi:

n?

?

?

?

m?

?

n?

?

]

二氨基diamino

亚氨基imino[?

imin?

u,i?

mi:

n?

u]

重氮基diazo[dai?

?

z?

u]

苯基phenyl[?

fen?

l,?

fi:

n?

l,?

fi:

nil]

苄基benzyl[?

benzil]或

phenmethyl[?

fin?

meθil]

苯乙基phenethyl[fen?

eθ?

l]

乙氧苯基ethoxyphenyl

苯胺基anilino[?

?

nili:

n]

羰基carbonyl[?

kɑ:

b?

nil]

羧基carboxyl[kɑ:

?

b?

ksil]

联苯基biphenyl[bai?

fenl]

甲酰基formyl[?

f?

:

mil]

苯酰，苯甲酰benzoyl['benz?

?

?

l]

脒基guanyl[il]

羟基hydroxyl[hai?

dr?

ksil]

烷氧基alkoxy[?

l?

k?

ksi]或alkoxylgroup

芳基arylgroup

二芳基diarylgroup[dai?

?

ril]

吡啶基pyridyl[?

piridil]

三苯甲基trityl['tra?

tl]

二苯甲基benzhydryl[bena?

d'ra?

l]

氨基甲酰基carbamoyl[kɑ:

'b?

m?

?

l]

三甲基硅基trimethylsilyl

炔丙基propargyl[pr?

?

'pɑ:

d?

?

l]

丙酮基（乙酰甲基）acetonyl['?

s?

t?

n?

l]

正n，normal

异iso

邻位ortho-[?

?

:

θ?

u]

间位meta-['m?

t?

]

对位para-[?

pɑ:

r?

]

伯Primary['praim?

ri]

仲Secondary['sek?

nd?

ri]

叔Tertiary['t?

:

?

?

ri]tert-

季碳quaternary[kw?

?

t?

:

n?

ri]carbon

一，单mono-

二di-，双bis，bi（化学中只有碳酸氢根才用bi，如bicarbonate[bai?

kɑ:

b?

nit]）

三tri-，tris

四tetra-四quadric-

五penta-五quinque-

六hexa-

七hepta-七septi

八octa-

九nona-

十deca-['d?

k?

]

十一undeca，hendeca-

十二dodeca-

十三trideca-

十四tetradeca

十五pentadeca-

十六hexadeca-

十七heptadeca-

顺式，cis-同，共syn

反式trans

有机化合物类名

Aliphatic?

compound?

脂肪族化合物[]

Hydrocarbon?

碳氢化合物[?

ha?

dr?

?

kɑ:

b?

n]

Alkane?

烷[]

Wax?

蜡[]

Paraffin?

wax?

石蜡

arene芳烃[]

Alkene?

烯[]

Alkyne?

炔[?

?

lkain]

Acetylide?

炔化物[]

Active?

hydrogen?

compounds?

活泼氢化合物

acid[?

?

sid]

Carbon?

acid?

碳氢酸

Super?

acid?

超酸

Diene?

双烯[?

daii:

n]

Triene?

三烯[?

traii:

n]

Allene?

丙二烯[?

?

li:

n]

Propylene丙烯[]

cumulene?

累积多烯[]

Enyne?

烯炔[e?

ni:

n]

Diyne?

二炔

Alkyl?

halide?

卤代烷[?

?

lkil?

h?

laid]

Alcohol?

醇[]

Homoallylic?

alcohol?

高烯丙醇

Ether?

醚[?

i:

θ?

]

Ester?

酯[?

est?

]

Ketone?

酮

Aldehyde?

醛[?

?

ldihaid]

Epoxide?

环氧化物[e?

p?

ksaid]

Sulfone?

砜[?

s?

lf?

un]

Sulfoxide?

亚砜

Sulfonic?

acid?

磺酸

Carboxylic?

acid?

羧酸

Cellosolve?

溶纤剂

Crown?

ether?

冠醚

Nitro?

compound?

硝基化合物

Amine?

胺[]

Quaternaryammonium?

compound?

季铵化合物[][]

Amine?

oxide?

氧化胺

Diazoalkane?

重氮烷[da?

?

z?

?

'?

lke?

n]

Mercaptan?

硫醇[]

Aldehyde?

hydrate?

醛水合物

Ketone?

hydrate?

酮水合物

Hemiacetal?

半缩醛[?

hemi?

?

sit?

l]

Acetal?

缩醛

acetal[化]乙缩醛,?

乙缩醛二乙醇[?

?

sit?

l]

Ketal?

缩酮[?

ki:

t?

l]

thiazole噻唑[?

θai?

?

z?

ul]

Dithiane?

二噻烷[dai?

θai?

n]

Aminal?

缩醛胺;动物

imine?

亚胺[]

Aldimine?

醛亚胺

Oxime?

肟[]

nitrosocompound?

亚硝基化合物

aldoxime?

醛肟，乙醛肟[?

l?

d?

ksi:

m]

Hydrazone?

腙[?

haidr?

?

z?

un]

Azine?

嗪[?

?

zi:

n]

Semicarbazone?

缩氯基脲

Cyanohydrin?

羟腈,氰醇[?

sai?

n?

u?

haidrin]

Pinacol?

频哪醇

Enol?

烯醇[?

i:

n?

l]

Enol?

ether?

烯醇醚

Enol?

ester?

烯醇酯[?

i:

n?

l][?

est?

]

Enamine?

烯胺[i?

n?

min]

Ynamine?

炔胺

Mannich?

base?

曼尼希碱

orthoester?

原酸酯

Acyl?

halide?

酰卤[?

?

sil]

Acyl?

fluoride?

酰氟[]

Acyl?

chloride?

酰氯

Acyl?

bromide?

酰溴

Acyl?

iodide?

酰碘[?

ai?

daid]

Carbobenzoxy?

chloride?

苄氧甲酰氯

Acyl?

tosylate?

酰基对甲苯磺酸酐

Ketene?

乙烯酮[?

ki:

ti:

n]

Peracid?

过酸

Perester?

过酸酯

Acyl?

peroxide?

酰基过氧化物

Nitrile?

腈[?

naitrail]

acetonitrile乙腈[?

?

sit?

u?

naitril]或methylcyanide[?

sa?

?

?

na?

d]

Nitrile?

oxide?

氧化腈

Isonitrile?

异腈，异氰化物

Amide?

酰胺[?

?

maid]

Imide?

二酰亚胺[?

imaid]

N-bromo?

compound?

N-溴化物

Hydrazide?

酰肼[]

Azide叠氮化物[?

?

zaid,?

eizid]

Acyl?

azide?

酰基叠氮[?

?

sil][?

?

zaid,?

eizid]

Amidine?

脒[?

?

mi?

di:

n]

Keto?

ester?

酮酸酯

Acyl?

cyanide?

酰腈[?

?

sil][?

sa?

?

?

na?

d]

Carbon?

suboxide?

二氧化三碳

Glycidic?

acid?

环氧丙酸

Carbammic?

acid?

氨基甲酸

Carbamate?

氨基甲酸酯[?

kɑ:

b?

meit]

Urea?

脲，尿素[]

Cyanamide?

氨腈[sai?

?

n?

maid]

Carbodiimide?

碳二亚胺[,kɑ:

b?

dai'imaid]

Allophanate?

脲基甲酸酯

Thioester?

硫代酸酯[?

θai?

u?

est?

]

Thiol?

acid?

硫羰酸[?

θai?

u]

Lactone?

内酯[?

l?

kt?

un]

Lactol?

内半缩醛[?

l?

kt?

l]

Macrolide?

大环内酯[?

m?

kr?

laid]

Amino?

acid?

氨基酸

Zwitterion两性离子[?

tsvit?

rai?

n]

Inner?

salt?

内盐

Betaine?

甜菜碱[?

bi:

t?

i:

n]

Lactam?

内酰胺[?

l?

kt?

m]

Hydantoin?

或glycolylurea乙内酰脲

[hai?

d?

nt?

win]

Hydration水合，水合作用[ha?

'dre?

?

n]

Peptide?

肽[?

pep?

ta?

d]

Glycol?

乙二醇[]

Aldol?

羟醛[?

?

ld?

ul]

Acyloin?

偶姻，酮醇[?

?

sil?

uin]

acyloincondensation酮醇缩合

Carbohydrate?

碳水化合物

Aldose?

醛糖[?

?

ld?

us]

Ketose?

酮糖[?

ki:

t?

us]

Furanose?

呋喃糖[?

fju?

r?

?

n?

us]

Pyranose?

吡喃糖[?

pai?

r?

n?

us]

Glycoside?

糖苷[?

ɡlaik?

?

said]

Glucoside?

葡[萄]糖苷

Aglycon?

苷元[?

?

ɡlaik?

n]

Saccharide?

糖类[?

s?

k?

raid]

Oligosaccharide?

寡糖[?

?

liɡ?

u?

s?

k?

raid]

Polysaccharide?

多糖[p?

li?

s?

k?

raid]

Alditol?

糖醇[?

?

ldit?

l]

Osazone?

脎[?

?

us?

?

z?

un]

Alicyclic?

compound?

脂环化合物[?

li?

siklik]

Cycloalkane?

环烷

Cycloalkene?

环烯

Spirane?

螺烷[?

spai?

rein]

Cage?

compound?

笼型化合物

Propellane?

螺桨烷

Rotazane?

轮烷

Catenane?

索烃[?

k?

tnein]

Fused?

ring?

稠环[fju:

zdri?

]

化学专业英语词汇常用前后缀

-acetal?

醛缩醇?

acetal-?

乙酰?

acid?

酸?

-al?

醛?

alcohol?

醇?

-aldehyde?

醛?

alkali-?

碱?

allyl?

丙烯基?

'?

alkoxy-?

烷氧基

Methoxy甲氧基的?

-amide?

酰胺?

[]

amino-?

氨基的[?

?

mi:

n?

?

?

?

m?

?

n?

?

]

-amidine?

脒?

[?

?

mi?

di:

n]

-amine?

胺?

-ane?

烷?

anhydride?

酐?

[?

n?

haidraid]

anilino-?

苯胺基[?

?

nili:

n]

aquo-?

含水aqueous水的，水成的?

[?

eikwi?

s]

-ase?

酶?

-ate?

含氧酸的盐、酯?

-atriyne?

三炔?

azo-?

偶氮?

[?

?

z?

u]

azoxy-氧化偶氮-N=N（O）-

hydrazo-氢化偶氮-NH-NH-

benzene?

苯?

[?

ben?

zi:

n,ben?

zi:

n]

bi-?

在盐类前表示酸式盐

bis-?

双?

-borane?

硼烷?

[?

b?

urein]

bromo-?

溴?

butyl?

丁基?

.

-carbinol?

甲醇?

carbonyl?

羰基?

-caboxylic?

acid?

羧酸?

centi-?

10-2?

chloro-?

氯代?

cis-?

顺式?

condensed?

缩合的、冷凝的?

cyclo-?

环?

deca-?

十

deci?

10-1?

di二?

-dine?

啶?

dodeca-?

十二?

-ene?

烯?

epi-?

表

epoxy-?

环氧?

[]

-ester?

酯

-ether?

醚?

ethoxy-?

乙氧基?

[]

ethyl?

乙基?

fluoro-或fluor-?

氟代?

-form?

仿?

-glycol?

二醇?

hemi-?

半?

hendeca-?

十一?

hepta-?

七?

heptadeca-?

十七?

hexa-?

六?

hexadeca-?

十六?

-hydrin?

醇?

hydro-?

氢或水?

hydroxyl?

羟基?

hypo-?

低级的，次?

-ic?

酸的，高价金属?

-ide?

无氧酸的盐，酰替?

胺，酐

-il?

偶酰?

-imine?

亚胺?

/

iodine?

碘[]

iodo-?

碘代?

iso-?

异，等，同?

-ite?

亚酸盐?

keto-?

酮?

ketone?

酮?

-lactone?

内酯?

mega-?

106?

meta-?

间，偏?

methoxy-?

甲氧基?

methyl?

甲基

micro-?

10-6?

milli-?

10-3

mono-?

（?

mon-）?

一，单?

nano-?

10-9?

nitro-?

硝基?

nitroso-?

亚硝基?

nona-?

九?

nonadeca-?

十九?

octa-?

八?

octadeca-?

十八?

-oic?

酸的?

-ol?

醇9?

a$?

f!

?

Q,?

H:

?

[5?

n&?

G

-one?

酮?

ortho-?

邻，正，原?

-ous?

亚酸的，低价金属?

oxa-?

氧杂?

-oxide?

氧化合物?

-oxime?

肟?

[]

oxo-?

酮?

[]

oxy-?

氧化?

[]

-oyl?

酰?

para-?

对位，仲?

penta-?

五?

pentadeca-?

十五?

per-?

高，过?

petro-?

石油?

phenol?

苯酚?

[?

fi:

n?

l]

phenyl?

苯基?

[]

pico-?

10-12?

poly-?

聚，多?

quadri-?

四?

quinque-?

五?

semi-?

半?

septi-?

七?

sesqui?

一个半?

sulfa-?

磺胺?

[]

sym-?

对称?

syn-?

顺式，同，共?

ter-?

三?

-

tetra-?

四?

tetradeca-?

十四?

tetrakis-?

四个?

thio-?

硫代[]

trans-?

反式，超，跨?

tri-?

三?

trans-?

反式，超，跨?

tri-?

三?

trideca-?

十三?

tris-?

三个?

undeca-?

十一?

.

Alkylation?

烷基化

C-?

alkylation?

C-烷基化

O-?

alkylation?

O-烷基化

N-alkylation?

N-烷基化

Silylation?

硅烷[基]化

Exhaustive?

methylation?

彻底甲基化

Seco?

alkylation?

断裂烷基化

Demethylation?

脱甲基化

Ethylation?

乙基化

Arylation?

芳基化

Acylation?

酰化

Formylation?

甲酰化

Carbalkoxylation?

烷氧羰基化

Carboamidation?

氨羰基化

Carboxylation?

羧基化

Amination?

氨基化

Bisamination?

双氨基化

Cine?

substitution?

移位取代

Transamination?

氨基交换

Hydroxylation?

羟基化

acyloxyation?

酰氧基化

Decarboxylative?

nitration?

脱羧卤化

Allylic?

halogenation?

烯丙型卤化

Dehalogenation?

脱卤

Nitration?

硝化

Decarboxylative?

nitration?

脱羧硝化

Nitrosation?

亚硝化

Sulfonation?

磺化

Chlorosulfonation?

氯磺酰化

Desulfonation?

脱磺酸基

Sulfenylation?

亚磺酰化

Sulfonylation?

磺酰化

Chlorosulfenation?

氯亚磺酰化

Chlorocarbonylation?

氯羰基化

Diazotization?

重氮化[dai?

?

z?

tai?

zei?

?

n]

Diazo?

transfer?

重氮基转移

Coupling?

reaction?

偶联反应

uni-?

单，一?

unsym-?

不对称的，偏位?

-yl?

基?

-ylene?

撑（二价基，价在不同原子上）?

-yne?

炔

Diazonium?

coupling?

重氮偶联

[?

dai?

?

z?

uni?

m]

Cross-coupling?

reaction?

交叉偶联反应

1,4-addition?

1，4-加成

C-CPi-bondC-Cπ键

Conjugate?

addition?

共轭加成[?

k?

nd?

?

?

ge?

t]

Dimerization?

二聚

Trimefization?

三聚

Additive?

dimerization?

加成二聚

Sulfurize使硫化[]

sulfurization?

硫化

Selenylation?

硒化

Hydroboration?

硼氢化[?

haidr?

u?

b?

:

?

rei?

?

n]

Oxyamination?

羟氨基化

Insertion?

插入

carbonylation?

羧基化

Hydroformylation?

加氢甲酰基化

Hydroacylation?

加氢酰化

Oxo?

process?

羰基合成

Decarbonylation?

脱羰[di:

?

kɑ:

b?

n?

?

lei?

?

n]

Hydrocarboxylation?

氢羧基化

Homologization?

同系化

Cyanoethylation?

氰乙基化

Decyanoethylation?

脱氰乙基

Ring?

closure?

环合，闭环

Diene?

synthesis?

双烯合成

Dienophile?

亲双烯体

Endo?

addition?

内型加成

Exo?

addition?

外型加成

Diels-Alder?

reaction?

第尔斯-尔德反应

Retro?

Diels-Alder?

reaction?

逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应

Ene?

synthesis?

单烯合成

Anionic?

cycloaddition?

负离子环加成

Dipolar?

addition?

偶极加成

Dehydrohalogenation?

脱卤化氢

Deamination?

脱氨基

Pyrolytic?

elimination?

热解消除

Elimination-addition?

消除-加成

Decarboxylation?

脱羧

Decarboxamidation?

脱酰胺

Decyanation?

脱氰基

Alkylolysis,alkyl?

cleavage?

烷基裂解

Acylolysis,acyl?

cleavage?

酰基裂解

Flash?

pyrolysis?

闪热裂

Fragmentation?

碎裂

Chiletropic?

reaction?

螯键反应

Chelation?

螯环化

Esterification?

酯化

Transesterification?

酯交换

Saponification?

皂化

Alcoholysis?

醇解

Ethanolysis?

乙醇解

Cyanomethylation?

氰甲基化

Aminomethylation?

氨甲基化

Hydroxymethylation?

羟甲基化

Hydroxyalkylation?

羟烷基化

Cholromethylation?

氯甲基化

Haloalkylation?

卤烷基化

Transacetalation?

缩醛交换

Enolization?

烯醇化

Haloform?

reaction?

卤仿反应

Condensation?

缩合

Aldol?

condensation?

羟醛缩合

Cross?

aldol?

condensation?

交叉羟醛缩合

Retrograde?

aldol?

condensation?

逆羟醛缩合

Acyloin?

condensation?

偶姻缩合

Cyclization?

环化

Annulation,annelation?

增环反应

Spiroannulation?

螺增环

Autoxidation?

自氧化

Allylic?

hydroperoxylation?

烯丙型氢过氧化

Epoxidation?

环氧化

Oxonolysis?

臭氧解

Electrochemical?

oxidation?

电化学氧化

Oxidative?

decarboxylation?

氧化脱羧

Aromatization?

芳构化

Catalytic?

hydrogenation?

催化氢化

Heterogeneous?

hydrogenation?

多相氢化

Homogeneous?

hydrogenation?

均相氢化

Catalytic?

dehydrogenation?

催化脱氢

Transfer?

hydroge