江苏专用高考英语二轮复习 专题限时检测十八阅读理解B篇专练一.docx

江苏专用高考英语二轮复习 专题限时检测十八阅读理解B篇专练一.docx

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江苏专用高考英语二轮复习专题限时检测十八阅读理解B篇专练一

专题限时检测（十八）　阅读理解B篇专练

（一）

（共4篇，限时28分钟）

A

（2020·无锡一模）“Theworldfeelsanxiousanddivided,andFacebookhasalotofworktodo—whetherit'sprotectingourcommunityfromabuseandhate,defendingagainstinterferencebynationstates,ormakingsurethattimespentonFacebookiswellspent，”ZuckerbergwroteonFacebookinJanuary.

Ifthetechfirmsucceeded,Facebookwouldend2020onamuchbetterpath.ButthecracksinZuckerberg'ssocialmediaempireonlygrewasscandals（丑闻）aboutdatamisuse,securityandevenFacebook'sleadershippiledup.

Thesocialnetworkhasfacedcriticismmanytimessincelaunching14yearsago,butthepublicuproarreachednewheightsin2020.Facebook'smissteps,evenasittriedtofixitsproblems,wereyetanotherreminderofwhathappenswhenacompanygrowsrapidlywithlittleoversight（监管）．Theyalsosetthestageforanothershowdownbetweenthetechpowerhouseandlawmakerswhohavetheirownideasonhowtomanageaplatformusedby2.3billionpeopleeverymonth.

“Ithinkthere'sjustageneralgrowingconsensusfrombothpartiesinCongressthatselfpolicingisnotgoingtowork，”DemocraticsenatorMarkWarnerofVirginiasaidinaninterview.FacebookpointedtoaseriesofnotesZuckerbergpublishedthisyearoutliningwhatthetechfirmhasdonetocombat（战斗，争论）electionmeddling（好干预的）,aswellashatespeech,misinformationandotheroffensivecontent.Thesocialnetworkpulleddownmorethan1.5billionfakeaccounts,launchedadatabaseofpoliticaladsandannouncedthecreationofaSupremeCourtlikeindependentbodytooverseecontentappeals.

Butinmanyways,ZuckerbergfellshortofhisNewYear'sresolution（决议）．UNinvestigatorssaidFacebookplayedaroleinspreadinghatespeechthatfueledethniccleansing（清洗）inMyanmar.Mediaoutletsfoundloopholes（漏洞）anderrorsinFacebook'spoliticaladsdatabase.UsersquestionedwhethertheyshoulddeleteFacebookafterlearningthatCambridgeAnalytica,aUKpoliticalconsultingfirmwithtiestoDonaldTrump's2020presidentialcampaign,gathereddataonasmanyas87millionFacebookuserswithouttheirpermission.

Inshort,Facebook'sproblemsballoonedoutofthecompany'scontrol.

“Theycreatedaplatformwheresharingwasmindlesslyeasyandinteractingwitheachotherrequiredalmostnoforethoughtatall，”saidWoodrowHertzog,alawandcomputerscienceprofessoratNortheasternUniversity.“Asaresult,therewasmassivesharing,includingleakingofpersonalinformationthatputlotsofpeopleatrisk.”

语篇解读：

本文主要介绍了Facebook在发展的过程中，由于缺少监管，出现了一些令公司自己无法控制的问题。

1．WhatcanbeinferredaboutFacebookfromthepassage?

A．Itisaplatformwherepeoplecaneasilysharewellselectedinformation.

B．ItisasocialnetworkthathasfacedcriticismbecauseofdatamisusesfromZuckerberg.

C．Itisasocialnetworkwhichgrowsrapidlywithoutenoughmanagementfromthegovernment.

D．Itisapopularappthat2.3billionpeopleuseforinformationandcommunicationeveryday.

解析：

选C　细节理解题。

根据第三段第二句“Facebook'smissteps,evenasittriedtofixitsproblems,wereyetanotherreminderofwhathappenswhenacompanygrowsrapidlywithlittleoversight（监管）．”可知，Facebook在其迅速发展的过程中并没有受到足够的监管。

2．Theunderlinedword“uproar”inParagraph3hasthesimilarmeaningto“________”．

A．crack　　　　　　　B．criticism

C．disagreementD．argument

解析：

选B　词义猜测题。

找回原句“Thesocialnetworkhasfacedcriticismmanytimessincelaunching14yearsago,butthepublicuproarreachednewheightsin2020.”可知uproar和criticism同义。

3．Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?

A．AtoughchallengeforFacebook

B．Zuckerberg'snewyearresolution

C．CriticismofFacebookformisusing

D．AdarkfutureforFacebook

解析：

选A　标题归纳题。

文章一开始第一句“Theworldfeelsanxiousanddivided,andFacebookhasalotofworktodo...”，就指出Facebook面临着很多的问题，倒数第二段“Inshort,Facebook'sproblemsballoonedoutofthecompany'scontrol.”又强调了Facebook的问题已经膨胀到公司无法控制的程度。

本文是属于首尾呼应型的，所以选A作为文章的标题比较适合。

B

（2020·南通一模）Statisticsoftensoundslikeadrysubject,butsometimesit'snecessarytotakeastatisticscoursetogetthecorrectanswertothisproblem.Takethefollowingcaseforexample:

afootballscout（球探）hearsofaplayerwhohaspoweredhisteamtoagoodwinlossrecord.Hiscoachesthinkhe'soneofthemosttalentedplayersthey'veseen.Butthescoutisunimpressedbytheonepracticegameheseeshimin;hetellshismanagerit'snotworthtryingtorecruit（录用）theplayer.

Mostsportsfanswouldthinkthatwasaprettyfoolishdecision,right?

Athleticperformanceismuchtoovariabletobaseanimportantjudgmentonsuchasmallsample.Butconsiderthisproblem:

anemployergetsanapplicationfromajuniorexecutive（主管人员）withanexcellentcollegerecordandstrongreferencesfromhiscurrentemployer.Theemployerinterviewstheapplicantandisunimpressed.Theemployertellshiscolleaguesthatit'snotworthwhilerecruitinghim.

Mostpeopleregardthisasareasonablesortofdecision.Butitisn't.Countlessstudiesshowthattheunstructured30minuteinterviewisvirtuallyworthlessasapredictoroflongtermperformancebyanycriteriathathavebeenexamined.

Inbothcases,predictionsbasedonreferences—schoolreports,priorperformance,lettersofrecommendation—givea65－75%chanceofchoosingthebetterofthetwo.

Whydowegettheathleticproblemrightandtheemploymentproblemwrong?

Becauseinthecaseofthejob,unlikeforathleticperformance,wehaven'tseenhundredsofcandidatesininterviewsofaparticulartypeandseenhowwellperformanceintheinterviewcorrespondstoultimate（最终的）performanceinthesettingwe'reconcernedabout.Wehaven'tseenthattheguywholookslikeafoolintheinterviewturnsouttobecleveronthejobandtheguywhodoeswellintheinterviewturnsouttobeaverage.Theonlywaytoseethattheinterviewisn'tgoingtobeworthmuchistobeabletoapplythe“lawoflargenumbers”，whichassiststherecognitionthataninterviewrepresentsaverysmallsampleofbehaviour.

Thebottomline:

there'ssafetyinnumbers.Themorerecommendationsapersonhas,themorepositivetheoutcomeislikelytobefortheemployer.Considerthejobinterview:

it'snotonlyatinysample,it'snotevenasampleofjobbehaviourbutofsomethingelseentirely.Psychologicaltheoryanddatashowthatweareincapableoftreatingtheinterviewdataaslittlemorethanunreliablegossip.It'sjusttoocompelling（强迫性的）thatwe'velearnedalotfromthose30minutes.

Myrecommendationisnottointerviewatallunlessyou'regoingtodevelopaninterviewprotocol（体系）,withthehelpofaprofessional,whichisbasedoncarefulanalysisofwhatyouarelookingforinajobcandidate.Andthenaskexactlythesamequestionsofeverycandidate.It'shardertodevelopsuchaprotocolthanyoumightguess.Butitcanreallypayoff.

语篇解读：

本文主要讨论了30分钟的面试能否作为公司录用新人的依据。

4．Thecasesinthefirsttwoparagraphsaremeantto________.

A．illustratetheinfluenceoffans

B．showtheweaknessesofscouts

C．attachimportancetointerviews

D．introducethetopicofthepassage

解析：

选D　推理判断题。

根据第一段中的“it'snecessarytotakeastatisticscoursetogetthecorrectanswertothisproblem.Takethefollowingcaseforexample...”和第二段中的“considerthisproblem...”可见提出的例子是用来论证数据是否能运用于最终决定的，也就是文章的中心主题，故选D。

5．Theauthorbelievesthat________.

A．thesettinginthejobinterviewistooartificialtobeconvincing

B．asuccessfulcandidateusuallyusestrickstocoverhisrealcharacters

C．asmallsampleisnotenoughtomakeageneralizedjudgementofacandidate

D．thenumberofcandidateshasn'tsatisfiedtherequirementsforajobinterview

解析：

选C　细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“Countlessstudiesshowthattheunstructured30minuteinterviewisvirtuallyworthless”，以及第六段中的“it'snotonlyatinysample,it'snotevenasampleofjobbehaviorbutofsomethingelseentirely.”可知选C。

6．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A．Howemployeesareselected

B．Wherestatisticsareavailable

C．Whyjobinterviewsarepointless

D．Whenrecommendationsareneeded

解析：

选C　标题归纳题。

根据第五段最后一句中的“interviewrepresentsaverysmallsampleofbehavior”，第六段中的“Psychologicaltheoryanddatashowthatweareincapableoftreatingtheinterviewdataaslittlemorethanunreliablegossip.”可知，作者认为jobinterview是无意义的。

C

（2020·扬州一模）Regulatingacomplexnewtechnologyishard,particularlyifitisevolvingrapidly.Withautonomousvehicles（AVs）justaroundthecorner,whatcanpolicymakersdotoensurethattheyarrivesafelyandsmoothlyanddeliverontheirpromise?

TheimmediategoalistomakesurethatAVsaresafewithoutpreventinginnovation.InAmerica,experimentalAVsareallowedontheroadinmanystatesaslongasthecompaniesoperatingthemacceptresponsibility.ChrisUrmsonofAurorasaysAmericanregulatorshavegotthingsright,workingcloselywithAVfirmsandissuingguidelinesratherthanstrictrulesthatmightpreventtheprogressoftheindustry.“It'simportantthatwedon'tjumptoregulationbeforeweactuallyhavesomethingtoregulate.”hesays.

Ontheotherhand,Singapore'sgovernmenthastakenthemosthandsonapproachtopreparingforAVs,saysKarlIagnemmaofNutonomy,anAVstartupthathastestedvehiclesinthecitystate.Forexample,ithasintroduceda“drivingtest”thatAVsmustpassbeforetheycangoontheroad.Thisdoesnotguaranteesafetybutsetsaminimumstandard.

Elsewhere,regulatorshavepermittedlimitedtestingonpublicroadsbutwanttoseemoreevidencethatthevehiclesaresafebeforegoingfurther,saysTakaoAsamioftheRenaultissanMitsubishialliance（联盟）．“Simpleaccumulationofmileage（里程）willneverprovethatthevehicleissafe.”hesays.Instead,regulatorsaretalkingtocarmakersandtechnologyfirmstodevelopnewsafetystandards.

MartenLevenstam,headofproductstrategyatVolvo,