动词过去式过去分词的变化规则.docx
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动词过去式过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
一、规则变化:
1.一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked,work—worked
2.以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved,dance—danced
3.以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried,study—studied
4.以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词（以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母）,先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped,permit—permitted
注：
A.以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled（美）/travelled（英）。
B.特例:
picnic—picnicked—picnicked（去野餐）,traffic—trafficked—trafficked（交易,在…通行），prefer—preferred—preferred较喜欢，refer—referred—referred提到
另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记.（见后）
C.读音与说明:
①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]:
helped,liked,finished,fetched,stopped,clapped
②.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]:
believed,changed,planned,preferred,followed,stayed
③.-ed在[t]、[d]后发音为[id]:
wanted,needed,admitted,permitted
二、不规则变化
⒈A---A---A型（现在式、过去式、过去分词同形）
原形（现在式）
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
hit
hit
hit
hitting
hits
打、撞
hurt
hurt
hurt
hurting
hurts
伤害
cost
cost
cost
costing
costs
花费
let
let
let
letting
lets
让
set
set
set
setting
sets
设置、搭建
shut
shut
shut
shutting
shuts
关闭
spread
spread
spread
spreading
spreads
传播，散布
put
put
put
putting
puts
放置
read
read
read
reading
reads
读
cut
cut
cut
cutting
cuts
砍、切、割
补充
broadcast
broadcast
broadcast
broadcasting
broadcasts
广播，播放
cast
cast
cast
casting
casts
投、掷
burst
burst
burst
bursting
bursts
爆裂，冲破
shed
shed
shed
shedding
sheds
流出，放射
upset
upset
upset
upsetting
upsets
弄翻，打乱
口诀1：
2H（hit,hurt） 花钱（cost） 让（let） 3S（set,shut,spread） 放（put）（下）读书（read）（去）切割（cut）
⒉A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）
原形（现在式）
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
beat
beat
beaten
beating
beats
打败
口诀2：
打败天下无敌手，过去分词加en
⒊A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）
原形（现在式）
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
run
ran
run
running
runs
跑
come
came
come
coming
comes
来
become
became
become
becoming
becomes
成为
overcome
overcame
overcome
overcoming
overcomes
超越，克服
口诀3：
跑、来、成为、（杨）超越，元音字母变成a
⒋A---B---B型（过去式与过去分词同形）
（1）原形→aught→aught
原形
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
teach
taught
taught
teaching
teaches
教
catch
caught
caught
catching
catches
抓住、赶上
口诀4：
教书被抓，变成aught
（2）原形→ought→ought
原形
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
think
thought
thought
thinking
thinks
想、思考
buy
bought
bought
buying
buys
买
seek
sought
sought
seeking
seeks
寻求
bring
brought
brought
bringing
brings
带来
fight
fought
fought
fighting
fights
打架
口诀5：
想买（个）熊球（寻求）带来打架
（3）eep→ept→ept
原形
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
sleep
slept
slept
sleeping
sleeps
睡觉
keep
kept
kept
keeping
keeps
保持
sweep
swept
swept
sweeping
sweeps
清扫
口诀：
睡觉保持清扫，变成ept
（4）词尾-ell变成-old
原形
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
sell
sold
sold
selling
sells
卖
tell
told
told
telling
tells
告诉
retell
retold
retold
retelling
retells
复述
注：
复述卖告诉
（5）词尾变成-elt
原形
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
feel
felt
felt
feeling
feels
感觉
smell
smelled/smelt
smelled/smelt
smelling
smells
闻
spell
spelled/spelt
spelled/spelt
spelling
spells
拼写
注：
感觉闻（到）拼写
（6）词尾-ild、-end，把d变成t
原形
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
bend
bent
bent
bending
bends
使弯曲
lend
lent
lent
lending
lends
借出
send
sent
sent
sending
sends
送
spend
spent
spent
spending
spends
花费、度过
build
built
built
building
builds
建造
rebuild
rebuilt
rebuilt
rebuilding
rebuilds
重建
注：
使（史）弯曲借出送花费建造（重建）
（7）词尾+t
原形
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
dream
dreamed/dreamt
dreamed/dreamt
dreaming
dreams
梦想
burn
burned/burnt
burned/burnt
burning
burns
着火、燃烧
leap
leaped/leapt
leaped/leapt
leaping
leaps
跳跃
learn
learned/learnt
learned/learnt
learning
learns
学习
deal
dealt
dealt
dealing
deals
处理
mean
meant
meant
meaning
means
意思
注：
梦（见）着火，跳跃学习处理意思
（8）词尾ay变成aid
原形
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
pay
paid
paid
paying
pays
付给
say
said
said
saying
says
说
lay
laid
laid
laying
lays
下蛋、放
注：
付给说下蛋
（9）2个元音减少一个
原形
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
feed
fed
fed
feeding
feeds
喂养
speed
speeded/sped
speeded/sped
speeding
speeds
加速
breed
bred
bred
breeding
breeds
生产、繁殖
meet
met
met
meeting
meets
遇见
lead
led
led
leading
leads
领导
shoot
shot
shot
shooting
shoots
射击
bleed
bled
bled
bleeding
bleeds
出血
口诀6：
喂（牛）加速繁殖，遇见领导射击，出血，去掉后一个元音字母。
（10）其他
原形
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
have/has
had
had
having
has
有
get
got
got
getting
gets
得到
make
made
made
making
makes
制造
find
found
found
finding
finds
发现、找到
hold
held
held
holding
holds
举办
leave
left
left
leaving
leaves
离开
lose
lost
lost
losing
loses
丢失
hear
heard
heard
hearing
hears
听
sit
sat
sat
sitting
sits
坐
win
won
won
winning
wins
赢得
stand
stood
stood
standing
stands
站、忍受
understand
understood
understood
understanding
understands
理解、明白
show
showed
showed/shown
showing
shows
展示
补充
spin
spun
spun
spinning
spins
纺纱
spoil
spoiled/spoilt
spoiled/spoilt
spoiling
spoils
溺爱、掠夺
spill
spilled/spilt
spilled/spilt
spilling
spills
流出
spit
spat
spat
spitting
spits
吐痰
babysit
babysat
babysat
babysitting
babysits
临时照看
dig
dug
dug
digging
digs
挖
stick
stuck
stuck
sticking
sticks
粘贴、刺
bind
bound
bound
binding
binds
捆绑
fling
flung
flung
flinging
flings
扔、抛
bite
bit/bit
bit/bitten
biting
bites
咬
light
lighted/lit
lighted
lighting
lights
点燃
shine
shone
shone
shining
shines
发光、照耀
shined
shined
shining
shines
磨光、擦亮
hang
hung
hung
hanging
hangs
悬挂
hanged
hanged
hanging
hangs
吊死
wind
wound
wound
winding
winds
缠绕
winded
winded
winding
winds
上紧......的发条
⒌A---B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）
（1）原形（-aw,-ow）→ew→own
原形
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
grow
grew
grown
growing
grows
成长
know
knew
known
knowing
knows
知道了解
throw
threw
thrown
throwing
throws
扔
blow
blew
blown
blowing
blows
吹
draw
drew
drawn
drawing
draws
画画
fly
flew
flown
flying
flies
飞
注：
长（grow）大后，才知道（know）,不要乱扔（throw）乱吹（blow）乱画（draw）乱飞（fly），show例外
（2）原形i→a→u
原形
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
begin
began
begun
beginning
begins
开始
drink
drank
drunk
drinking
drinks
喝
ring
rang
rung
ringing
rings
响铃
sing
sang
sung
singing
sings
唱
swim
swam
swum
swimming
swims
游泳
sink
sank
sunk/sunken
sinking
sinks
下沉
注：
铃响（ring）后，开始（begin）唱歌（sing），游泳（swim）时，不要喝（drink）太多的水,否则会下沉（sink）的
（3）原形-ear，过去式-ore，过去分词-orn
原形
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
swear
swore
sworn
swearing
swears
发誓
tear
tore
torn
tearing
tears
扯破
wear
wore
worn
wearing
wears
穿戴
bear
bore
born/borne
bearing
bears
生育
注：
发誓扯破穿戴生育，ear变ore,分变orn。
hear例外
（4）元音变成--o_e，分词过去式+n
原形
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
steal
stole
stolen
stealing
steals
偷
wake
waked/woke
waked/woken
waking
wakes
唤醒
speak
spoke
spoken
speaking
speaks
说，讲
choose
chose
chosen
choosing
chooses
选择
break
broke
broken
breaking
breaks
打破，破裂
freeze
froze
frozen
freezing
freezes
结冰
补充
cleave
clove/cleft
cloven/cleft
cleaving
cleaves
劈开
weave
wove
woven
weaving
weaves
编织
口诀22：
偷盗醒来说选择打破结冰
（5）元音--i_e，过去式--o_e，过去分词原形后+n
原形
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
drive
drove
driven
driving
drives
驾驶
ride
rode
ridden
riding
rides
骑
rise
rose
risen
rising
rises
升起
write
wrote
written
writing
writes
写
补充
arise
arose
arisen
arising
arises
出现、上升
注：
驾驶骑车升起写字。
注意骑车写字双写辅音（d和t），give，hide例外。
（6）原形→过去式→过去分词：
原形后+（e）n
原形
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
give
gave
given
giving
gives
给
eat
ate
eaten
eating
eats
吃
forbid
forbad
forbidden
forbidding
forbids
禁止
forgive
forgave
forgiven
forgiving
forgives
原谅
shake
shook
shaken
shaking
shakes
摇动
prove
proved
proved/proven
proving
proves
证明
see
saw
seen
seeing
sees
看到
fall
fell
fallen
falling
falls
落下
take
took
taken
taking
takes
拿、带
mistake
mistook
mistaken
mistaking
mistakes
犯错
口诀25：
给吃禁止原谅摇动，证明看到落下在（带）犯错
（7）其他
原形
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
be（am/is/are）
was/were
been
being
is/am
是，在…
do
did
done
doing
does
做、干
go
went
gone
going
goes
去
get
got
gotten
getting
gets
到达、得到
forget
forgot
forgotten
forgetting
forgets
忘记
hide
hid
hid/hidden
hiding
hides
隐藏
show
showed
showed/shown
showing
shows
表明，证明
lie
lay
lain
lying
lies
躺/平放/位于
lied
lied
lying
lies
撒谎、说谎
lay
laid
laid
laying
lays
下蛋、放
注意lie与lay的区别
6.情态动词——没有过去分词的动词
can（能够）---could,
may（也许）---might
must（必须）---must
shall（将/会）---should
will（将/愿意）---would
need（需要）---needed
dare（敢）---dared
7.过去式和过去分词有两种形式
原形
过去式
过去分词
现分/动名词
三单
中文
bet
betted/bet
betted/bet
betting
bets
打赌
bear
bore
born/borne
bearing
bears
生育
bite
bit/bit
bit/bitten
biting
bites
咬
burn
burned/burnt
burned/burnt
burning
burns
着火、燃烧
cleave
clove/cleft
cloven/cleft
cleaving
cleaves
劈开
dream
dreamed/dreamt
dreamed/dreamt
dreaming
dreams
梦想
kneel
knelt/kneeled
knelt/kneeled
kneeling
kneels
下跪
hide
hid
hid/hidden
hiding
hides
隐藏
light
lighted/lit
lighted/lit
lighting
lights
点燃
leap
leaped/leapt
leaped/leapt
leaping
leaps
跳跃
learn
learned/learnt
learned/learnt
learning
learns
学习
show
showed
showed/shown
showing
shows
展示
speed
speeded/sped
speeded/sped
speeding
speeds
加速
smell
smelled/smelt
smelled/smelt
smelling
smells
闻
spell
spelled/spelt
spelled/spelt
spelling
spells
拼写
sink
sank
sunk/sunken
sinking
sinks
下沉
saw
sawed
sawed/sawn
sawing
saws
锯
sew
sewed
sewed/sown
sewing
sews
缝纫
sow
sowed
sowed/sown
sowing
sows
种植
spring
sprang/sprung
sprung
springing
springs
跳跃
spill
spilled/spilt
spilled/spilt
spilling
spills
流出
spoil
spoilt/spoiled
spoilt/spoiled
spoiling
spoils
溺爱、掠夺
prove
proved
proved/proven
proving
proves
证明
升级会员 