动词过去式过去分词的变化规则.docx

1、动词过去式过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。一、规则变化:1. 一般情况直接加ed，如askasked, workworked2. 以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如loveloved, dancedanced3. 以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如trytried, studystudied4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如stopstopped, permitpermitted 注：A. 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如controlco

2、ntrolled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以，如traveltraveled(美) /travelled(英) 。B. 特例:picnicpicnickedpicnicked(去野餐),traffictraffickedtrafficked（交易,在通行），preferpreferredpreferred较喜欢，referreferredreferred提到另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记.(见后)C. 读音与说明:.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为t: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped.-ed在

3、浊辅音和元音后发音为d: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed .-ed在t、d 后发音为id: wanted, needed, admitted, permitted二、不规则变化 A-A-A型（现在式、过去式、过去分词同形）原形（现在式）过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文hithithithittinghits打、撞hurthurthurthurtinghurts伤害costcostcostcostingcosts花费letletletlettinglets让setsetsetsettingsets设置、搭建shut

4、shutshutshuttingshuts关闭spreadspreadspreadspreadingspreads传播，散布putputputputtingputs放置readreadreadreadingreads读cutcutcutcuttingcuts砍、切、割补充broadcastbroadcastbroadcastbroadcastingbroadcasts广播，播放castcastcastcastingcasts投、掷burstburstburstburstingbursts爆裂，冲破shedshedshedsheddingsheds流出，放射upsetupsetupsetupse

5、ttingupsets弄翻，打乱口诀1：2H（hit, hurt)花钱(cost)让(let)3S(set,shut,spread)放(put)（下）读书(read)（去）切割（cut) A-A-B型（现在式和过去式同形）原形（现在式）过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文beatbeatbeatenbeatingbeats打败口诀2：打败天下无敌手，过去分词加en A-B-A型（现在式和过去分词同形）原形（现在式）过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文runranrunrunningruns跑comecamecomecomingcomes来becomebecamebecomebecomingbeco

6、mes成为overcomeovercameovercomeovercomingovercomes超越，克服口诀3：跑、来、成为、（杨）超越，元音字母变成a A-B-B型（过去式与过去分词同形）(1)原形aughtaught原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文teachtaughttaughtteachingteaches教catchcaughtcaughtcatchingcatches抓住、赶上口诀4：教书被抓，变成aught(2)原形oughtought原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文thinkthoughtthoughtthinkingthinks想、思考buyboughtboug

7、htbuyingbuys买seeksoughtsoughtseekingseeks寻求bringbroughtbroughtbringingbrings带来fightfoughtfoughtfightingfights打架口诀5：想买（个）熊球（寻求）带来打架(3)eepeptept原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文sleepsleptsleptsleepingsleeps睡觉keepkeptkeptkeepingkeeps保持sweepsweptsweptsweepingsweeps清扫口诀：睡觉保持清扫，变成ept(4)词尾-ell变成-old原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文se

8、llsoldsoldsellingsells卖telltoldtoldtellingtells告诉retellretoldretoldretellingretells复述注：复述卖告诉(5)词尾变成-elt原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文feelfeltfeltfeelingfeels感觉smellsmelled/smeltsmelled/smeltsmellingsmells闻spellspelled/speltspelled/speltspellingspells拼写注：感觉闻（到）拼写(6)词尾-ild、-end，把d变成t原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文bendbentbe

9、ntbendingbends使弯曲lendlentlentlendinglends借出sendsentsentsendingsends送spendspentspentspendingspends花费、度过buildbuiltbuiltbuildingbuilds建造rebuildrebuiltrebuiltrebuildingrebuilds重建注：使（史）弯曲借出送花费建造（重建）(7)词尾+t原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文dreamdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdreamingdreams梦想burnburned/burntburned/burntburn

10、ingburns着火、燃烧leapleaped/leaptleaped/leaptleapingleaps跳跃learnlearned/learntlearned/learntlearninglearns学习dealdealtdealtdealingdeals处理meanmeantmeantmeaningmeans意思注：梦（见）着火，跳跃学习处理意思(8)词尾ay变成aid原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文paypaidpaidpayingpays付给saysaidsaidsayingsays说laylaidlaidlayinglays下蛋、放注：付给说下蛋(9)2个元音减少一个原形过去

11、式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文feedfedfedfeedingfeeds喂养speedspeeded/spedspeeded/spedspeedingspeeds加速breedbredbredbreedingbreeds生产、繁殖meetmetmetmeetingmeets遇见leadledledleadingleads领导shootshotshotshootingshoots射击bleedbledbledbleedingbleeds出血口诀6：喂（牛）加速繁殖，遇见领导射击，出血，去掉后一个元音字母。(10)其他原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文have/hashadhadhaving

12、has有getgotgotgettinggets得到makemademademakingmakes制造findfoundfoundfindingfinds发现、找到holdheldheldholdingholds举办leaveleftleftleavingleaves离开loselostlostlosingloses丢失hearheardheardhearinghears听sitsatsatsittingsits坐winwonwonwinningwins赢得standstoodstoodstandingstands站、忍受understandunderstoodunderstoodunders

13、tandingunderstands理解、明白showshowedshowed/shownshowingshows展示补充spinspunspunspinningspins纺纱spoilspoiled/spoiltspoiled/spoiltspoilingspoils溺爱、掠夺spillspilled/spiltspilled/spiltspillingspills流出spitspatspatspittingspits吐痰babysitbabysatbabysatbabysittingbabysits临时照看digdugdugdiggingdigs挖stickstuckstucksticki

14、ngsticks粘贴、刺bindboundboundbindingbinds捆绑flingflungflungflingingflings扔、抛bitebit/bitbit/bittenbitingbites咬lightlighted/litlightedlightinglights点燃shineshoneshoneshiningshines发光、照耀shinedshinedshiningshines磨光、擦亮hanghunghunghanginghangs悬挂hangedhangedhanginghangs吊死windwoundwoundwindingwinds缠绕windedwindedw

15、indingwinds上紧.的发条 A-B-C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）(1)原形（-aw,-ow）ewown原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文growgrewgrowngrowinggrows成长knowknewknownknowingknows知道了解throwthrewthrownthrowingthrows扔blowblewblownblowingblows吹drawdrewdrawndrawingdraws画画flyflewflownflyingflies飞注：长（grow）大后，才知道（know）,不要乱扔（throw）乱吹（blow）乱画（draw）乱飞（fly）

16、，show例外(2)原形iau原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文beginbeganbegunbeginningbegins开始drinkdrankdrunkdrinkingdrinks喝ringrangrungringingrings响铃singsangsungsingingsings唱swimswamswumswimmingswims游泳sinksanksunk/sunkensinkingsinks下沉注：铃响（ring）后，开始（begin）唱歌（sing），游泳（swim）时，不要喝（drink）太多的水,否则会下沉（sink）的(3)原形-ear，过去式-ore，过去分词-orn

17、原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文swearsworeswornswearingswears发誓teartoretorntearingtears扯破wearworewornwearingwears穿戴bearboreborn/bornebearingbears生育注：发誓扯破穿戴生育，ear变ore,分变orn。hear例外(4)元音变成-o_e，分词过去式+n原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文stealstolestolenstealingsteals偷wakewaked/wokewaked/wokenwakingwakes唤醒speakspokespokenspeakingspea

18、ks说，讲choosechosechosenchoosingchooses选择breakbrokebrokenbreakingbreaks打破，破裂freezefrozefrozenfreezingfreezes结冰补充cleaveclove/cleftcloven/cleftcleavingcleaves劈开weavewovewovenweavingweaves编织口诀22：偷盗醒来说选择打破结冰(5)元音-i_e，过去式-o_e，过去分词原形后+n原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文drivedrovedrivendrivingdrives驾驶rideroderiddenridingri

19、des骑riseroserisenrisingrises升起writewrotewrittenwritingwrites写补充arisearosearisenarisingarises出现、上升注：驾驶骑车升起写字。注意骑车写字双写辅音（d和t)，give，hide例外。(6)原形过去式过去分词：原形后+（e）n原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文givegavegivengivinggives给eatateeateneatingeats吃forbidforbadforbiddenforbiddingforbids禁止forgiveforgaveforgivenforgivingforgiv

20、es原谅shakeshookshakenshakingshakes摇动proveprovedproved/provenprovingproves证明seesawseenseeingsees看到fallfellfallenfallingfalls落下taketooktakentakingtakes拿、带mistakemistookmistakenmistakingmistakes犯错口诀25：给吃禁止原谅摇动，证明看到落下在（带）犯错(7)其他原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文be（am/is/are)was / werebeenbeingis / am是，在dodiddonedoingdo

21、es做、干gowentgonegoinggoes去getgotgottengettinggets到达、得到forgetforgotforgottenforgettingforgets忘记hidehidhid/hiddenhidinghides隐藏showshowed showed/shownshowingshows表明，证明lielaylainlyinglies躺/平放/位于liedliedlyinglies撒谎、说谎laylaidlaidlayinglays下蛋、放注意lie与lay的区别6.情态动词没有过去分词的动词can（能够）-could,may（也许）-mightmust（必须）-m

22、ustshall(将/会)-shouldwill(将/愿意)-wouldneed（需要）-neededdare（敢）-dared7.过去式和过去分词有两种形式原形过去式过去分词现分/动名词三单中文betbetted/betbetted/betbettingbets打赌bearboreborn/bornebearingbears生育bitebit/bitbit/bittenbitingbites咬burnburned/burntburned/burntburningburns着火、燃烧cleaveclove/cleftcloven/cleftcleavingcleaves劈开dreamdream

23、ed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdreamingdreams梦想kneelknelt/kneeledknelt/kneeledkneelingkneels下跪hidehidhid/hiddenhidinghides隐藏lightlighted/litlighted/litlightinglights点燃leapleaped/leaptleaped/leaptleapingleaps跳跃learnlearned/learntlearned/learntlearninglearns学习showshowedshowed/shownshowingshows展示speedspeeded/s

24、pedspeeded/spedspeedingspeeds加速smellsmelled/smeltsmelled/smeltsmellingsmells闻spellspelled/speltspelled/speltspellingspells拼写sinksanksunk/sunkensinkingsinks下沉sawsawedsawed/sawnsawingsaws锯sewsewedsewed/sownsewingsews缝纫sowsowedsowed/sownsowingsows种植springsprang/sprungsprungspringingsprings跳跃spillspilled/spiltspilled/spiltspillingspills流出spoilspoilt/spoiledspoilt/spoiledspoilingspoils溺爱、掠夺proveprovedproved/provenprovingproves证明