新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材综合教程2第七单元课后答案.docx
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新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材综合教程2第七单元课后答案
Textcomprehension
I.B.II.1.T;2.T;3.T;4.F;5.F.
III.
1.Paragraph2.Itisoursociety,whichoveremphasizeswinning,considersfailureasin,andseesprosperityinthepresentasasuresignofsalvationinthefuture.
2.Paragraph4.Becausethestudentsmayhaveacquiredmoreorlessknowledgeoutofthecoursethanthegradeindicates.
3.Paragraph5.Hisattitudeiscritical.Hecomplainstheexclusionofsuchimportantcharacteristicsascourage,kindness,wisdomandgoodhumor.
4.Paragraph8.Itwastomakeacleardistinctionbetweenthestudentasclassroomperformerandthestudentashumanbeing.Soalowgrade,atbest,indicatesanincompetentclassroomperformer,notanincompetenthumanbeing.
5.Paragraph9.Hethinkssociallabels,includinggrades,arebasicallyirrelevantandmisleading,thoughnecessary.Butit'nsotself-contradictorybecausesociallabelsarenecessaryaswaysofdistinctionforjobchoice,notasreasonsforattitudetowardothersorourselvesinhumanterms.
IV.
1.Beingunsuccessfulanddisadvantagedisregardedassinfulbecauseinthiswordpeopletendtothinktoday'ssuccesscansaveonefromevilinthefuture.
2.Itisimportanttoseethefactthatalthoughtheydifferintheirclassstatusandeducationalbackground,humanbeingsareessentiallythesame.Biologicallytheyareconstructedinthesameway,andtheysharethecommonfeelingsoffearandjoyandthecommonexperienceofsufferingandachieving.Thiscommonalityhasboundthemtogether.Allofthemwillregardwars,diseases,anddisastersbothprivateandpublicasunfortunatebigeventsintheirlifetime.
Structuralanalysisofthetext
1.Paragraph2—5.Keywords:
Disappointment.Mainidea:
Gradesdonotmeaneverything.
2.Paragraph6—8.Keywords:
Thestudentasperformer;thestudentashumanbeing.Mainidea:
GettingaBinclassdoesnotmeanonewillalwaysbeaBperformerinlife.
3.Paragraph9—10.Keywords:
Perspective.Mainidea:
Inacomplexsocietylikeours,labelsarenecessarybuttheyshouldbekeptinperspective.
SectionFourConsolidationActivities
Partone.VocabularyAnalysis
I.Phrasepractice
1.essence:
innernature;indispensablequality;themostimportantpart本质,实质,精髓e.g.Hisworksreflecttheessenceoffascism.他的作品反映出法西斯的本质。
2.deadlysins:
sinsleadingtodamnation.(pride,covetousness,lust,anger,gluttony,envyandsloth,inChristianity)
3.misleading:
makingyouthinkoractwrongly误导,误入歧途
e.g.Hedeliberatelymisledusaboutthenatureoftheirrelationship.关于他们究竟是什么关系,
他故意给我们留下错误印象。
Thissentencehasmisledusintothinkingthattheanswerwaswrong.这句话误使我们认为那
个答案是错误的。
4.conventionaltask:
tasktraditionallyrequiredofstudents传统任务
e.g.Thisconventionaltaskissoeasythatevenapupilcanfinishit.这个传统任务是如此简单,
甚至小学生都能完成。
5.inshortsupply:
farfromenough供给不足,缺乏
e.g.Thewaterandfoodfordisasterareaisinshortsupply.这些水和食物给灾区是远远不够的。
Potatoesareinshortsupplybecauseofthebadharvest.由于收成不好,现在马铃薯供应不足。
II.
1.define;2.irrelevant;3.correspondto;4.flunked;5.rather;6.makesapointof;7.aptto;8.goround.
II.Wordderivation.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.
1.Hisvisionwasnearlyrestoredtonormalaftertheremoval(remove)ofthetumorinhisbrain.
2.Themajorissueoftheconferencewashowtocopewiththesevereconsequencesresultingfromtheclimatic(climate)changesonourplanet.
3.Thiscompanyisintroubleandthelatestplanforitssalvation(salvage)hasfewsupporters.
4.Itissaidinthejobadthatthosewhoapplyforthevacancyshouldhaveproficiency(proficient)
inatleasttwoIanguages.
5.Don'trelyontheinformationshegaveyouit'spureassumpti(ai5sume)onherpart.
6.Theageofcollegestudentsnormally(norm)rangesfrom18to22.
7.Thegovernment'insactiontocurbinflationandunemploymentcausedstrongresentment(resent)amongthepublic.
8.TheSichuanearthquaketurnedouttobethemostdisastrous(disaster)onethecountryhaswitnessedinthepastonehundredyears.
1.removev.消除,除去;脱掉
removablea.可除去的,可移动的
removaln.移动,移居;除去
e.g.我们的家已从北京迁到上海。
OurhomehasremovedfromBeijingtoShanghai.
他脱下帽子表示敬意。
Heremovedhishatasasignofreverence.
2.climaten.气候;风气
climatica.气候上的
e.g.她很快就适应了这种多变的气候。
Sheadaptedherselfquicklytothechangeableclimate.
3.salvagev.打捞,抢救
salvageablea.可抢救的,可打捞的
salvationn.得救,拯救;赎罪
e.g.房子里没有什么东西可救的了。
Thereisnothingthatissalvageableinthebuilding.
天气干旱了这么久,这场雨成了农民的救星。
Aftersomuchdryweather,therainhasbeenthefarmer'ssalvation.
4.proficienta.熟练的,精通的
proficiencyn.熟练,精通
e.g.我可以说对唱歌很在行。
I'dsayIamquiteproficientatsinging.
5.assumev.假定,设想;承担;认为
assumingconj.假定,假女口
assumptionn.假定,设想
e.g.我以为你能讲流利的英语。
IassumedyoucouldspeakEnglishfluently.
假定那是真的,我们现在该怎么办?
Assumingthatitistrue,whatshouldwedonow?
6.normn.标准,规范
normala.正常的,正规的
normalityn.常态
normalizev.使正常,使标准化
e.g.过了几天,洪水才退,生活恢复了正常。
Itwasseveraldaysbeforethefloodwatersankandlifereturnedtonormal.我们的关系正常了。
Ourrelationshiphasbeennormalized.
7.resentv.憎恨,生气
resentmentn.怨恨,愤恨
resentfula.不满的
resentfulnessn.怨恨,愤恨
e.g.我非常讨厌别人侵占我的时间。
Ibitterlyresenttheencroachmentonmytime.
他对所受的待遇感到忿恨。
Heisresentfulatthewayhehasbeentreated.
8.disastern.灾难
disastrousa.灾难性的
e.g.这场灾难过后,许多人既没有食物又没有住处。
Afterthedisasterthereweremanywhowantedfoodandshelter.
国家的经济形势非常糟糕。
Theeconomicconditionofthecountryisdisastrous.
IV.
1.B;2.D;3.C;4.C;5.B;6.D;7.B;8.D.
III.Synonym/Antonym:
Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.
1.Theesseneeofsuccessisthatthere'sneverenoughofittogoFsumdgamgwloiere
oneperson'swinningmustbeoffsetbyanother'slosing…
Synonym:
balaneed,compensated
2.Thelevelofyourproficiencyhasbeendeterminedbyyourperformaneeofratherconventionaltasks…
Antonym:
unconventional
3.Buttheyareimportant:
cruciallyso,becausetheyarealwaysinshortsupply.
Antonym:
abundant,plentiful
4.Ifyouvaluethesecharacteristicsinyourself,youwillbevalued—andfarmoresothanthosewhoseidentitiesaremeasuredonlybylittlemarksonapieceofpaper.
Synonym:
evaluated,assessed
5.Therewerealotofusthen:
olderthanthenorm,inahurrytogetourdegreesandmoveonSynonym:
average
6.Itisimportanttorecognizethathumanbeings,despitedifferencesinclassandeducationallabeling,arefundamentallyhewnfromthesamematerialandknittogetherbycommonbondsoffearandjoy…
Synonym:
essentially,basically
7.Butthesedistinctionsshouldneverbetakenseriouslyinhumanterms
Antonym:
lightly,frivolously
8.Eveninachievementterms,yourBlabeldoesnotmeanthatyouarepermanentlydefinedasaBachievementperson.
Antonym:
temporarily
IV.Prefix:
Writeineachspaceonewordthathasthesameprefixasunderlinedineachgivenword.
1.Explanation:
inter-:
between
e.g.interaction,interdependent,interconnect
2.Explanation:
trans-:
acrossorbeyond
e.g.transplant,transform,transatlantic
3.Explanation:
circum-:
surrounding
e.g.circumcision,circumlocution,circumspect
4.Explanation:
neo-:
new,inalaterform
e.g.neonatal,neo-fascist,neo-Georgian
5.Explanation:
con-:
strengthenorreinforce
e.g.convince,constrain,conquer
6.Explanation:
anti-:
opposedto,against
e.g.antiwar,antihero,antidote
7.Explanation:
un-:
inverbsthatdescribetheoppositeofaprocess
e.g.unfold,unioad,unbend,uncut
8.Explanation:
out-:
greater,better,further,etc.
e.g.outgrow,outlive,outwit
Parttwo.GrammarExercises
1.Disjunet
Adisjunctisatypeofadverbialthatexpressesinformationthatisnotconsideredessentialtothesentenceitappearsin,butwhichisconsideredtobethespeaker'oswriter'tstudetowards,ordescriptivestatementof,thepropositionalcontentofthesentence.
Moregenerally,thetermdisjunctcanbeusedtorefertoanysentenceelementthatisnotfullyintegratedintotheclausalstructureofthesentence.Suchelementsusuallyappearperipherally(at
thebeginningorendofthesentence)andaresetofffromtherestofthesentencebyacomma(inwriting)andapause(inspeech).
e.g.Honestly,Icouldn'tbelieveit.
Unfortunately,Kimhashadtoleaveus.
I.Practice:
Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingproperdisjuncts.
1.Unfortunately,…
2.ItishopedthatthereportwillgoouttoshareholdersnolaterthanJune1.
Hopefully,…
3.Itisoddenoughthathedidnotraiseanyobjectiontotheplan.
Oddlyenough,…
4.Rightly,…
5.Luckily,…
6.Fortunately,…
7.Itisstrangeenoughthattheburglarshouldnothavetakenthediamondaway.
Strangelyenough,…
II.
Type1expressesajudgmentonthewholeandmeanwhilethesubject,sothreetypesofsentencestructurescanbeused;
Type2expressesnojudgmentonthesubject.
1.Itwasrightthat•••/Theywererighttohave
2.Itwasfoolishthat…/twasfoolishoftheboynottosay…wasfoboyhnotto
say….
3.type1.
4.type2.
5.type2.
6.type2.
7.type2:
Itwasluckythat
8.type2:
Itishopedthat
III.Relativewords
Relativewordsareusedtorefertoanounmentionedbeforeandofwhichweareaddingmoreinformation.Theyareusedtojointwoormoresentencesinthewaywecall“relativesentences
e.g.Iknowmanyboyswho/thatplayrugby.
Theshirtwhich/thatCarlboughthasastainonthepocket.
Thisistheboywhosemotherworksfort