内燃机专业词汇供参习.docx
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内燃机专业词汇供参习
Forpersonaluseonlyinstudyandresearch;notforcommercialuse
活塞式内燃机英语名词、术语
（一）（GB1883）
序号中文名词、术语英文名词、术语
1往复活塞式内燃机Reciprocatingengine
2二冲程内燃机Two-strokeengine
3四冲程内燃机Four-strokeengine
4汽油机Gasolineengine
5顶置气门汽油机Overhead-valveengine
6侧置气门汽油机Side-valvengine
7汽油喷射式汽油机Gasoline-injectionengine
8顶置凸轮轴内燃机Overheadcamshaftengine
9柴油机Dieselengine
10煤气机Gasengine
11柴油煤气机Gas-Dieselengine
12多种燃料内燃机Multi-fuelengine
13低转速柴油机Low-speedDieselengine
14中转速柴油机Medium-speedDieselengine
15高转速柴油机High-speedDieselengine
16增压柴油机SuperchargedDieselengine
17低增压柴油机Low-superchargedDieselengine
18中增压柴油机Medium-superchargedDieselengine
19高增压柴油机High-superchargedDieselengine
20超高增压柴油机SuperhighsuperchargedDieselengine
21废气涡轮增压柴油机TurbochargedDieselengine
22机械增压柴油机Mechanicalpressure-chargedengine
23两级增压柴油机Twostagesuper-chargedengine
24复合式柴油机CompoundDieselengine
25十字头式柴油机CrossheadDieselengine
26船用挂机Outboardengine
27水冷内燃机Water-cooledengine
28风冷内燃机Air-cooledengine
29单缸内燃机Single-cylindeenrgine
30多缸内燃机Multicylinderengine
31卧式内燃机Horizontalengine
32立式内燃机Verticalengine
33斜置式内燃机
34直列式内燃机In-lineengine
35对置气缸内燃机Opposed-cylinder-typeengine
36对动活塞内燃机Opposed-pistonengine
37U形内燃机U-pistonengine
38V形内燃机V-engine
39W形内燃机W-engine
40X形内燃机X-engine
41星形内燃机Radialengine
42▽形内燃机▽-Typeengine
43工字形内燃机工-typeengine
44王字形内燃机王-typeengine
往复活塞式内燃机英语名词、术语
（二）（GB1883）
序号中文名词、术语英文名词、术语
45气缸直径Cylinderbore
46活塞行程Stroke47上止点Topdeadcentre
48下止点Bottomdeadcentre
49行程缸径比Stroke-borreatio
50连杆比
Ratiobetweencrankradiusand
connectingrodlength51充量Charge
52工质Workingmedium
53进气行程Suctionstroke
54压缩行程Compressionstroke
55膨胀行程Expansionstroke
56排气行程Exhauststroke
57换气-压缩行程（二冲程）Scavenging-compressionstroke58膨胀-换气行程（二冲程）Expansion-scavenging
stroke
59工作循环Workingcycle
60扫气过程Scavenging
61直流扫气Uniflowscavenging
62回流扫气Loopscavenging
63横流扫气Crossscavenging
64扫气泵扫气Scavengingbyblower
65曲轴箱扫气Crankcasescavenging
66活塞底泵扫气Under-pistonpumpscavenging
67进气温度Intaketemperature
68进气压力Intakepressure
69进气涡流Intakeswirl
70排气温度Exhaust-gastemperature
71排气背压Backpressure
72排气烟度Exhaustgasopacity
73充量系数Chargingefficiency74
74残余废气系数Residualgasratio
75扫气利用系数Coefficientofscavenging
76扫气漏失系数
77扫气系数Scavengingfactor
78压缩始点压力Compressionbeginningpressure
79压缩终点压力Compressionendpressure
80压缩始点温度Compressionbeginningtemperature
81压缩终点温度Compressionendtemperature
82最高燃烧温度Maximumcombustiontemperature
83膨胀终点温度Expansionendtemperature
84膨胀终点压力Expansionendpressure
85平均压力增长率Meanrateofpressureincrease
86放热速率Rateofheatrelease
87燃烧速率Burningvelocity
88火焰传播速度Rateofflamepropagation
89表面点火Surfaceignition
90放热规律Regularityofheatrelease
91过量空气系数Excessairfactor
92总过量空气系数Totalexcessairfactor93气缸工作容积Pistonsweptvolume94总排量Engineswept
volume
95压缩多变指数Polytropicexponentofcompression
96膨胀多变指数Polytropicexponentofexpansion
97最高爆发压力Maximumcylinderpressure
98压力升高比Rateofexplosion
99初期膨胀比Cut-offrate
100后期膨胀比Expansionrate
101放热系数Coefficientofheatrelease
102热平衡Heatbalance
103有效功的热当量Mechanicalequivalentofheat
104排气热损失Exhaustloss
105冷却热损失Coolingloss
106热平衡余项损失
Heatlossasresidualtermoftheheat
balance
107示功图Indicatordiagram108示功图丰满系数Diagramfactor
109扫气过量空气系数Deliveryratio
110空燃比Air-fuerlatio
111扫气效率Scavengingefficiency
112低热值Lowercalorificvalue
113空气利用率Rateofairutilization
114热量利用系数Coefficientofheatutilization
115压缩比Compressionratio
116有效压缩比Effectivecompressionratio
117分子变更系数
118指示功Indicatedwork
119平均指示压力Meanindicatedpressure
120指示热效率Indicatedthermalefficiency
121指示热消耗率Indicatedspecificheatconsumption
122工作过程Workingprocess
123压缩空气瓶容量
124指示燃油消耗率Indicatedspecificfuelconsumption
125燃油消耗率Specificfuelconsumption
126燃油消耗量Fuelconsumption
127热消耗量Heatconsumption
128机油消耗率Specificoilconsumption
129机油消耗量Oilconsumption
130空气消耗量Airconsumption
131最低燃油消耗率Minimumspecificfuelconsumption
132进排气重叠角Valveoverlap
133进气持续角Intakevalve-openingtime
134排气持续角Exhaustvalve-openingtime
135点火提前角Advanceangleofignition
136进气提前角Intakeadvanceangle
137进气滞后角Intakeretardangle
138排气提前角Exhaustadvanceangle
139排气滞后角Exhaustretardangle
140扫气持续角Scavengingport-openingtime141燃烧持续期Combustionduration
142滞燃期Ignitiolnag
143显然期Apparentcombustionperiod
144后燃期Afterburning
145早燃Preignition
146回火Backfire
147爆燃Detonation
148工作粗暴Engineroughness
149发火顺序Firingorder
150正时Valvetiming
往复活塞式内燃机英语名词、术语（三）（GB1883）
序号中文名词、术语英文名词、术语
151燃烧过程Combustionprocess
152油膜燃烧Filmcombustion
153空间燃烧Spacecombustion
154复合燃烧Compoundcombustion
155混合气形成Mixing
156废气净化Exhaustemissioncontrol
157雾化Atomization
158喷油速率Injectionrate
159喷油规律Characteristicoffueldelivery
160喷油持续角Fuelinjectionperiod
161喷油延迟角Fuelinjectionlag
162供油提前角Deliverybeginning
163喷油提前角Fuelinjectionbeginning
164换气过程Gasexchangeprocess
165配气相位Valvetiming
166残余废气Residualgas
167增压Supercharging
168增压比Pressureratio
169气波增压Comprexsupercharging
170增压压力Boostpressure
171废气涡轮增压Turbocharging
172机械增压Mechanicalsupercharging
173复合增压Twostagesupercharging
174定压增压Constantpressure
175脉冲增压Pulseturbocharginsgystem176增压中冷Intercooling
177增压度Degreeofcharging
178增压器出口温度Superchargeroutlettemperature
179脉冲进气Impulsesuction
往复活塞式内燃机英语名词、术语（四）（GB1883）
序号中文名词、术语英文名词、术语
180时间-面积值/角度-面积值Timearea
181积炭Carbondeposit
182结胶Sticking
183敲缸Knock
184气阻Vapourlock
185燃烧室面容比Surfacevolumeratio
186燃烧室的挤流面积Squisharea
187激冷效应Quenching
188燃料当量比Equivalenceratio
189L型燃烧室**Sidevalvecombustionchamber
190楔形燃烧室**Wedgecombustionchamber
191盆型燃烧室**Basintypechamber
192F型燃烧室**F-headtypecombustionchamber
193半球形燃烧室**Semisphericalcombustionchamber
194开式燃烧室*Opencombustionchamber
195分开式燃烧室*Dividedcombustionchamber
196半开式燃烧室*Semi-dividedcombustionchamber
197涡流室燃烧室*Swirlchambertype
198预燃室燃烧室*Precombustionchambertype
199直接喷射燃烧室*Directinjectiontypechamber
200*主燃烧室Maincombustiontypechamber
201*球型燃烧室Sphericalcombustionchamber
202*ω型燃烧室ωtypechamber
203*盆型燃烧室Dishtypechamber
204层状充气Stratificehdarging
205挤压涡流Squishswirl
206螺旋进气道Spiralport
207切向气道Tangentialport
注释：
*指柴油机燃烧室，**指汽油机燃烧室。
往复活塞式内燃机英语名词、术语（五）（GB1883）
序号中文名词、术语英文名词、术语
208功率Power
209标定功率Ratedhorsepower
210有效功率Brakehorsepower
211指示功率Indicatedhorsepower
212机械损失功率Mechanicalloss
213经济功率Economichorsepower
214极限功率Peakhorsepower
215最大功率Maximumhorsepower
216单缸功率Horsepowerpercylinder
217升功率Specifichorsepower
218活塞面积Pistonarea
219单位活塞面积功率
220储备功率Reservepower
221功率储备系数Coefficientofreservepower
222平均机械损失压力
223平均有效压力Brakemeaneffectivepressure
224机械效率Mechanicalefficiency
225有效热效率Brakethermalefficiency
226扭矩Torque
227最大扭矩Maximumtorque
228扭矩储备系数
229适应性系数
230转速Enginespeed
231标定转速Ratedspeed
232转速储备系数
233最低空载转速Lowidlingspeed
234最低工作稳定转速
235最高空载转速Highidlingspeed
236最大扭矩转速Maximumtorquespeed
237转速波动率Speedirregularity
238瞬时调速率Instantaneousspeedchange
239稳定调速率Permanentspeedchange
240活塞平均速度Meanpistonspeed
241热负荷Thermalload
242机械负荷Mechanicalload
243强化系数
244机油容量Lubricatingoilvolume
245冷却水容量Coolantvolume
246冷却水泵流量Coolantdischarge
247机油泵流量Lubricatingoildischarge
248风扇流量Coolingairdischarge
249穴蚀Cavitation
250窜机油
251窜气
252抢气
253呛油
254拉缸Scratch
255游车
256飞车Runningaway
257单位体积功率
258比重量Weightperhorsepower259内燃机净重Netweight
260内燃机总重Grossweight
往复活塞式内燃机英语名词、术语（六）（GB1883）
序号中文名词、术语英文名词、术语
261标准大气状况Standardatmosphericcondition
262环境温度Environmentaltemperature
263大气压力Atmosphericpressure
264相对湿度Relativehumidity
265台架试验Bedtest
266磨合Runningin
267性能试验Performancetest
268鉴定试验Typetest
269出厂试验Examination
270耐久性、可靠性试验Reliabilitytest
271验收试验Acceptancetest
272起动试验Startingtest
273各缸均匀性试验Uniformitytest
274内燃机特性Enginecharacteristic
275负荷特性Loadcharacteristic
276速度特性Speedcharacteristic
277万有特性Universalcharacteristic
278调速特性Governingcharacteristic
279调解特性Reglercharakteristik
280突变负荷试验Loadsuddenremovaltest
281转速波动率试验Speedirregularitytest
282最低工作稳定转速试验
283空载特性试验Idlingcharacteristictest
284最低空载转速Lowestidlingspeedtest
285热平衡试验Heatbalancetest
286推进特性Propulsioncharacteristic
287换向试验Reversingtest
288停缸试验
289停增压器试验
290背压试验Backpressure
291超负荷试验Overloadtest
292增压器配机试验Supercharge-enginematchingtest
293道路试验Roadtest294牵引试验Tractiontest
295配套使用试验Engine-drivenmachinerymatchingtest
气缸体总成Cylinderblockassembly
齿轮室部件Timinggearchambersubassembly
气缸盖及气缸盖罩Cylinderhead&itscowlhood
活塞及连杆Piston&connectingrod
曲轴减振器总成Crankshaftdamperassembly
凸轮轴总成Camshaftassembly
配气机构Valvetrain
进气管部件Airintakemanifoldsubassembly
排气管组件Exhaustmanifoldsubassembly
油底壳总成Oilsumpassembly
机油集滤器Oilstrainer
机油泵Oilpump
机油滤清器Oilfilter
机油冷却器总成Oilcoolerassembly
曲轴箱通风装置Crankcaseventilator
供油系管路总成Fuelsupplysystempipelineassembly
燃油滤清器总成Fuelfilterassembly
喷油泵总成Fuelinjectionpumpassembly
喷油器部件Fuelinjectorassembly
燃油喷射泵附件总成Fuelinjectionpumpfittingsassembly
断油机构总成Fuelcut-offmechanism
增压器总成Turbochargerassembly
放水开关Waterdraincock
节温器总成Thermostatassembly
水泵总成Waterpumpassembly
动力输出总成Powertake-offmechanismassembly
转向泵总成Steeringpumpassembly
气制动空气压缩机Aircompressorforpneumaticbraking
发电机总成Alternatorassembly
起动机Starter
仪表、感应器总成Meters&sensorsassembly
定位套Locatingcollar
气缸体Cylinder
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