英语单词辨析.docx

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英语单词辨析.docx

英语单词辨析

1.     clothes,cloth,clothing

clothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数,cloth指布,为不可数名词clothing服装的总称,指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof

2.     incident,accident

incident指小事件,accident指不幸的事故

Hewaskilledintheaccident.

3.     amount,number

amount后接不可数名词,number后接可数名词

anumberofstudents

4.     family,house,home

home家,包括住处和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成员.

Myfamilyisahappyone.

5.   sound,voice,noise

sound自然界各种各样的声音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音

Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.

6.    population,people

population人口,人数,people具体的人

Chinahasalargepopulation.

7.    weather,climate

weather一天内具体的天气状况,

climate长期的气候状况

Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.

8.    road,street,path,way

road具体的公路、马路,street街道,

path小路、小径,way道路,途径

takethisroad;inthestreet,

showmethewaytothemuseum.

9.    course,subject

course课程(可包括多门科目),subject科目(具体的学科)asummercourse

10.     custom,habit

custom传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接

todo,habit生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接

ofdoing.

I’vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.

11.    cause,reason

cause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接

ofsth./doingsth,reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接forsth./doingsth.

thereasonforbeinglate

12.    exercise,exercises,practice

exercise运动,锻炼(不可数),exercises练习

(可数),practice(反复做的)练习

Practicemakesperfect.

13.   class,lesson

作”课”解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class.lesson6;class6。

14.    officer,official

officer部队的军官,official政府官员

anarmyofficer

15.    work,job

二者均指工作。

work不可数,job可数

agoodjob

16.     country,nation,state,land

country侧重指版图,疆域,nation指人民,国民,民族,state侧重指政府,政体,land国土,国家Thewholenationweresadatthenews.

17.cook,cooker

cook厨师,cooker厨具Heisagoodcook.

18.damage,damages

damage不可数名词,损害,损失;damages复数形式,赔偿金$900damages

19.police,policeman

police警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词,policeman指某个具体的警察

Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.

20.problem,question

problem常和困难联系,前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise;question常和疑问连词连

用,多和ask,answer连用.

21.man,aman

man人类,aman一个男人

Manwillconquernature.

22.trip,journey,travel,voyage

travel是最常用的,trip指短期的旅途,journey指稍长的旅途,voyage指海上航行

athree-daytrip

23.anumberof,thenumberof

anumberof许多,谓语动词用复数。

thenumberof…的数目,谓语动词用单数。

Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.

24.infrontof,inthefrontof

infrontof范围外的前面,inthefrontof范围内的前面

Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.

25.threeofus,thethreeofus

threeofus我们(不止三个)中的三个,thethree

ofus我们三个(就三个人)

Thethreeofus---Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.

26.bybus,onthebus

bybus表手段,方式,不用冠词,onthebus表范围

Theywenttherebybus.

27. foramoment,forthemoment

foramoment片刻,一会儿

forthemoment暂时,一时

Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.

28. nextyear,thenextyear

nextyear将来时间状语

thenextyear过去将来时间状语

Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.

29.morethanayear,morethanoneyear

morethanayear一年多

morethanoneyear超过一年(两年或三年等)

30.takeadvice,takethe(one’s)advice

takeadvice征求意见

taketheadvice接受忠告

Herefusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.

31.takeair,taketheair

takeair传播,走漏,taketheair到户外去,散步

Wetaketheaireveryday.

32.inaword,inwords

inaword总之,一句话,inwords口头上

Inaword,youareright.

33.inplaceof,intheplaceof

inplaceof代替,intheplaceof在…地方

Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.

34.insecret,inthesecret

insecret秘密地,暗自地,偷偷地,一般用作状语;inthesecret知道内情,知道秘密,一般用作表语

Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning.

35.agirl,onegirl

agirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一个女孩

Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?

36.takeachair,takethechair

takeachair相当于sitdown坐下,

takethechair开始开会

37. gotosea,bysea,bythesea

gotosea当海员,出航,

bysea乘船,由海路,

bythesea在海边

gobysea

38. thedoctorandteacher,thedoctorandthe

teacher

thedoctorandteacher指一个人,既是医生又是

老师,

thedoctorandtheteacher两个人,一个医

生和一个老师

Thedoctorandteacheris…

39. inoffice,intheoffice

inoffice在职的,intheoffice在办公室里

Heisinoffice,notoutofoffice.

40. inbed,onthebed

inbed卧在床上,onthebed在床上

Thebookisonthebed.

Heisillinbed.

41. inchargeof,inthechargeof

inchargeof管理,负责照料,

inthechargeof由……照料

Heisinchargeofthematter.

Thematterisinthechargeofher.

42. inclass,intheclass

inclass在课上,intheclass在班级里

Heisthebeststudentintheclass.

43. onfire,onthefire

onfire着火,onthefire在火上

Putthefoodonthefire.

Thehouseisonfire.

44. outofquestion,outofthequestion

outofquestion毫无疑问的,

outofthequestion不可能的

45. asecond,thesecond

asecond又一,再一,thesecond第……

Hewonthesecondprize.

46. byday,bytheday

byday白天,bytheday按天计算

Theworkersarepaidbytheday.

47.thepeople,apeople

thepeople指人,apeople指民族

TheChineseareapeace-lovingpeople.

48. it,one

It同一物体,one同类不同一

Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.

49. that,this

that指代上文所提到的,this导出下文所要说的

Iwasill.That’swhy…

50. none,nothing,noone

none强调有多少,nothing,noone强调有没有,

nothing指物,noone指人

---Howmany…/Howmuch…?

---None.

51. anyone,anyone

anyone指人,不能接of,

anyone指人物均可,可接of

anyoneofyou

52. who,what

who指姓名或关系,what指职业或地位

Whatisyourdad?

Heisateacher.

53. what,which

what的选择基础是无限制的,which在一定范围内进行选择

Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?

54. other,another

other后接名词复数,another后接名词单数

otherstudents,anotherstudent

55. notalittle,notabit

notalittle非常,notabit一点也不

I’mnotabittired.我一点儿也不累。

56.many,much,alotof

many和可数名词连用,much和不可数名词连用,alotof可数,不可数均可,但不用于否定句

Ihaven’tmanybooks.

57.muchmore…than,manymore…than

muchmore…than后接形容词或不可数名词,manymore…than后接可数名词

manymorepeople,muchmorewater,

muchmorebeautiful

58.no,not

no=nota/any

nofriend=nota/anyfriend

nowater=notanywater

59.nomorethan,notmorethan

nomorethan相当于only,仅仅,只有,

notmorethan至多,不超过

60.majority,most

majority只能修饰可数名词,most可数不可数均可

themajorityofpeople

61. byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneself

byoneself单独的,独自的,foroneself为自己,

tooneself供自己用的,ofoneself自行的,自动的

Thedooropenedofitself.

62. atall,afterall

atall根本,全然,afterall到底,毕竟

Afterallheisachild.

63.tall,high

tall常指人或动物,high常指物体

Heistall.

64.fast,quickly

fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点,

quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快

runfast

answerthequestionquickly

65.high,highly

high具体的高,highly抽象的高,高度的thinkhighlyof

66.healthy,healthful

healthy健康的,健壮的,

healthful有益于健康的

healthfulexercise

67.sleeping,asleep,sleepy

sleeping正在睡觉,asleep睡着,熟睡,只能做

表语,sleepy困的,有睡意的

asleepingbaby

Thebabyisasleep.

I’msleepy.

68.gold,golden

gold指真金制品,golden指金色的,但金鱼用

goldfishagoldring

69.most,mostly

most用于表感受的肯定句中,相当于very,当大部

分,大多数解时是形容词或名词,mostly大部分,

是副词

mostpeople

thepeoplearemostly…

Thebookismostinteresting.

70.just,very

just表强调时是副词,作状语,very表强调时是形

容词,用作定语

theveryman,justtheman

71.wide,broad

wide侧重于一边到另一边的距离

broad侧重于幅面的宽广

broadshoulders

72.real,true

real真的,真实的,指的是事实上存在而不是想

象的,true真的,真正的,指的是事实和实际情

况相符合

realgold,atruestory

73.respectful,respectable

respectful尊敬,有礼貌,

respectable可敬的,值得尊敬的

berespectfultotheaged

74.outwards,outward

二者均可用作副词,表示向外,外面,

outward还可用作形容词anoutwardvoyage

75.pleasant,pleased,pleasing

pleasant常用作定语,pleased,pleasing常用作

表语,pleased主语常为人,pleasing主语常为物

apleasanttrip

Thetripispleasing.

76.understanding,understandable

understanding明白事理的,能体谅的,

understandable可理解的,能够懂的

anunderstandinggirl

anunderstandablemistake

77.close,closely

close接近,靠近,closely紧紧地,紧密地closelyconnected

standclose

78. ill,sick

ill做表语,

sick定,表均可asickboy

79. good,well

good形容词,well副词,但指身体状况是形容词

Heiswellagain.

80. quiet,silent,still

quiet安静的,可以发出小的声音,silent不发出

声音,但可以动,still完全不动,完全无声响

Hestandtherestill.他站在那儿,一动不动,也不说话。

81. hard,hardly

hard努力,hardly几乎不

workhard

Icanhardlybelieveit.

82. able,capable

able与不定式todo连用,capable与of连用

Heiscapableofdoing…

83. almost,nearly

二者均为”几乎,差不多”和否定词连用almost

almostnobody

84. late,lately

late迟,晚,lately最近,近来

Ihaven’tseenhimlately.

85. living,alive,live,lively

living,alive,live均为活着的,living定表均可,

alive定、表均可,定语后置,live只能做定语,lively意为活波的

allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive

86. excited,exciting

excited使人兴奋的,exciting令人兴奋的

I’mexcited.

Thenewsisexciting.

87. deep,deeply

deep具体的深,deeply抽象的深,深深地

deeplymoved

digdeep

88. aloud,loud

aloud出声地,loud大声地

readaloud(出声地读)

89. worth,worthy

二者均为值得,worth后接doing,worthy后接to

bedone,ofbeingdone

Itisworthvisiting.=It’sworthytobevisited.

=It’sworthyofbeingvisited.

90. bad,badly

bad形容词,badly副词,不好,但与need,want,require连用为“很,非常”

gobad

Ineedthebookbadly.

91.beforelong,longbefore

beforelong不久以后,longbefore很久以前notlongbefore=beforelong

92.quite,rather

quite完全地,相当于completely,rather修饰比较

级quiteimpossible

93.happy,glad

happy高兴,幸福,定表均可,glad高兴,只能做

表语ahappygirl

94.instead,insteadof

instead是副词,放在句首或句末,insteadof是

介词短语,放在句中

Hedidn’tseeafilm.InsteadhewatchedTV.

HewatchedTVinsteadofseeingafilm.

95.toomuch,muchtoo

toomuch后接不可数名词,

muchtoo后接形容词

muchtooheavy

96.beaboutto,begoingto,betodo

beaboutto表最近的将来,后面不接时间状语,

begoingto侧重打算,想法,betodo侧重意

志,计划,安排

I’mtomeethim.(含双方事先约好的意思)

97.raise,rise

raise及物动词,rise不及物动词

Thesunrisesintheeast.

98.bring,take,carry,fetch

bring拿来,take带走,carry随身携带,fetch去

取回这一往返动作fetchaboxofchalk

99.spend,take,pay,cost

spend人做主语,花钱,花时间;spend…on

sth./indoingsth;take物做主语,花时间;pay人

做主语,花钱,payfor;cost物做主语,花钱

100.join,joi

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