MBA英语真题及答案.docx

MBA英语真题及答案.docx

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MBA英语真题及答案

2018年MBA英语真题及答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblackandmarkA，B，CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers，ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimethathas1acrosstheWeb.

Canprivacybepreserved2bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly3？

Lastmonth，HowardSchmidt，thenation’scyber-czar，offeredthefederalgovernmenta4tomaketheWebasaferplace-a“voluntarytrustedidentity”systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech5ofaphysicalkey，afingerprintandaphotoIDcard，allrolled6one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard，oradigitalcredential7toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.

Theideaisto8afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould9whichsystemtojoin，andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver’slicense10bythegovernment.

GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethese“singlesign-on”systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto11justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.

12.theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden”ncyberspace，withsafe“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights”toestablishasenseofa13community.

Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem”inwhich“individualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith14，trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure15whichthetransactionruns”。

Still，theadministration’splanhas16privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach。

othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould17beacompulsoryInternet“drive’slicense”mentality.

Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith18bysomecomputersecurityexperts，whoworrythatthe“voluntaryecosystem”envisionedbyMr.SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet19.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe20toregisterandidentifythemselves，inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.

1．A.swept　　B.skipped　　C.walked　　D.ridden

2．A.for　　B.within　　C.while　　D.though

3．A.careless　　B.lawless　　C.pointless　　D.helpless

4．A.reason　　B.reminder　　C.compromise　　D.proposal

5A.information．　　B.interference　　C.entertainment　　D.equivalent

6．A.by　　B.into　　C.from　　D.over

7．A.linked　　B.directed　　C.chained　　D.compared

8．A.dismiss　　B.discover　　C.create　　D.improve

9．A.recall　　B.suggest　　C.select　　D.realize

10．A.relcased　　B.issued　　C.distributed　　D.delivered

11．A.carryon　　B.lingeron　　C.setin　　D.login

12．A.Invain　　B.Ineffect　　C.Inreturn　　D.Incontrast

13．A.trusted　　B.modernized　　c.thriving　　D.competing

14．A.caution　　B.delight　　C.confidence　　D.patience

15．A.on　　B.after　　C.beyond　　D.across

16．A.divided　　B.disappointed　　C.protected　　D.united

17．A.frequestly　　B.incidentally　　C.occasionally　　D.eventually

18．A.skepticism　　B.relerance　　C.indifference　　D.enthusiasm

19．A.manageable　　B.defendable　　C.vulnerable　　D.invisible

20．A.invited　　B.appointed　　C.allowed　　D.forced

SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

　　Text1

　　RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000:

ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism.Butbytheendof2009Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee。

howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?

ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.

　　Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm’sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive’sproposals.Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.

　　TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose“surprise”disappearancesbydirectorsundertheageof70.Theyfountthatafterasurprisedeparture,theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasedbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases,andthestockislikelytoperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms.Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchdirectorsarealwaysjumpingoffasinkingship.Oftenthey“tradeup.”Leavingriskier,smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.

　　Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks,evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongdoingoccurred.Firmswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtimesmayhavetocreateincentives.OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheexampleofMs.Simmons,onceagainverypopularoncampus.

　　21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Ms.Simmonswascriticizedfor.

　　[A]gainingexcessiveprofits

　　[B]failingtofulfillherduty

　　[C]refusingtomakecompromises

　　[D]leavingtheboardintoughtimes

　　22.WelearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe.

　　[A]generousinvestors

　　[B]unbiasedexecutives

　　[C]sharepriceforecasters

　　[D]independentadvisers

　　23.AccordingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversityafteranoutsidedirector’ssurprisedeparture,thefirmislikelyto.

　　[A]becomemorestable

　　[B]reportincreasedearnings

　　[C]dolesswellinthestockmarket

　　[D]performworseinlawsuits

　　24.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors.

　　[A]maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirm

　　[B]haveoftenhadrecordsofwrongdoingsinthefirm

　　[C]areaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirm

　　[D]willdeclineincentivesfromthefirm

　　25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis.

　　[A]permissive

　　[B]positive

　　[C]scornful

　　[D]critical

Text2

　　Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?

Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfledtotheinternet.NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingtheirowndoom.America’sFederalTradecommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.Shouldtheybecomecharitablecorporations?

Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?

Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate.

　　Inmuchoftheworldthereisthesignofcrisis.GermanandBrazilianpapershaveshruggedofftherecession.EvenAmericannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcomeoftheglobalindustry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoftenreturnedtoprofit.Notthe20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,butprofitallthesame.

　　Ithasnotbeenmuchfun.Manypapersstayedafloatbypushingjournalistsoverboard.TheAmericanSocietyofNewsEditorsreckonsthat13,500newsroomjobshavegonesince2007.Readersarepayingmoreforslimmerproducts.Somepapersevenhadthenervetorefusedeliverytodistantsuburbs.Yetthesedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.

　　Newspapersarebecomingmorebalancedbusinesses,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.Americanpapershavelongbeenhighlyunusualintheirrelianceonads.Fully87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin2008,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development（OECD）.InJapantheproportionis35%.Notsurprisingly,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestable.

　　Thewhirlwindthatsweptthroughnewsroomsharmedeverybody,butmuchofthedamagehasbeenconcentratedinareaswherenewspaperareleastdistinctive.Carandfilmreviewershavegone.Sohavescienceandgeneralbusinessreporters.Foreignbureaushavebeensavagelycutoff.Newspapersarelesscompleteasaresult.Butcompletenessisnolongeravirtueinthenewspaperbusiness.

　　26.Bysaying“Newspaperslike…theirowndoom”（Lines3-4,Para.1）,theauthorindicatesthatnewspaper.

　　[A]neglectedthesignofcrisis

　　[B]failedtogetstatesubsidies

　　[C]werenotcharitablecorporations

　　[D]wereinadesperatesituation

　　27.Somenewspapersrefuseddeliverytodistantsuburbsprobablybecause.

　　[A]readersthreatenedtopayless

　　[B]newspaperswantedtoreducecosts

　　[C]journalistsreportedlittleabouttheseareas

　　[D]subscriberscomplainedaboutslimmerproducts

　　28.ComparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestablebecausethey.

　　[A]havemoresourcesofrevenue

　　[B]havemorebalancednewsrooms

　　[C]arelessdependentonadvertising

　　[D]arelessaffectedbyreadership

　　29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutthecurrentnewspaperbusiness?

　　[A]Distinctivenessisanessentialfeatureofnewspapers.

　　[B]Completenessistoblameforthefailureo