考研英语阅读真题及答案.docx

考研英语阅读真题及答案.docx

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考研英语阅读真题及答案

考研英语阅读真题及答案

SectionIIReadingComprehension

Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionfouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Putyour

choiceintheANSWERSHEET.30points

Text1

Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.So,asapoliceofficer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.

DayafterdaymymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwaveofcrime.Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce-proudAmericanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.A

keyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhatitis:

accountability.

Accountabilityisn’thardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonisresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheirconsequences.

Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether--honesty,kindness,andsoon--accountabilitymaybethemostimportantofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,nolaw--

and,ultimately,nosociety.

Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilityonpeoplewhorefuse,orhaveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.Butaseverypolicemanknows,externalcontrolsonpeople’s

behaviorarefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestraintssuchasguilt,shameandembarrassment.

Fortunatelytherearestillcommunities--smallertowns,usually--whereschoolsmaintaindisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaim:

“Inthisfamilycertainthingsare

nottolerated--theysimplyarenotdone!

”

Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestraintsareloosening.Yourtypicalrobberhasnone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhathe

wants,includingyourlifeifyouenragehim.

Themaincauseofthisbreak-downisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it’sthe

criminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:

byhisunderprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn’tteachhimtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bytheparents

whodidn’tprovideastablehome.

Idon’tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantagedcircumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.Ifwefreethecriminal,evenpartly,fromaccountability,webecomea

societyofendlessexcuseswherenooneacceptsresponsibilityforanything.

WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.

31.Whatthewisemansaidsuggeststhat________.

[A]it’sunnecessaryforgoodpeopletodoanythinginfaceofevil

[B]it’scertainthatevilwillprevailifgoodmendonothingaboutit

[C]it’sonlynaturalforvirtuetodefeatevil

[D]it’sdesirableforgoodmentokeepawayfromevil

32.Accordingtotheauthor,ifapersonisfoundguiltyofacrime,________.

[A]societyistobeheldresponsible

[B]moderncivilizationisresponsibleforit

[C]thecriminalhimselfshouldbeartheblame

[D]thestandardsoflivingshouldbeimproved

33.Comparedwiththoseinsmalltowns,peopleinlargecitieshave________.

[A]lessself-discipline

[B]bettersenseofdiscipline

[C]moremutualrespect

[D]lesseffectivegovernment

34.Thewriterissorrytohavenoticedthat________.

[A]peopleinlargecitiestendtoexcusecriminals

[B]peopleinsmalltownsstillsticktoolddisciplineandstandards

[C]today’ssocietylackssympathyforpeopleindifficulty

[D]peopleindisadvantagedcircumstancesareengagedincriminalactivities

35.Thekeypointofthepassageisthat________.

[A]stricterdisciplineshouldbemaintainedinschoolsandfamilies

[B]moregoodexamplesshouldbesetforpeopletofollow

[C]morerestrictionsshouldbeimposedonpeople’sbehavior

[D]morepeopleshouldacceptthevalueofaccountability

Text2

Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturity

andadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainst

childlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthood

statusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.Examplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthenineteenthcentury

intheUnitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.

Inmodernsociety,ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceandtherenolongerisagreementastowhatconstitutesinitiationceremonies.

Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadtoincreasedrecognitionandsocialstatus.Forexample,gradeschoolgraduation,highschoolgraduationandcollegegraduation

constitutesuchasequence,andwhileeachstepimpliescertainbehavioralchangesandsocialrecognition,thesignificanceofeachdependsonthesocio-economicstatusandtheeducational

ambitionoftheindividual.Ceremoniesforadolescencehavealsobeenreplacedbylegaldefinitionsofstatusroles,rights,privilegesandresponsibilities.Itisduringthenineyearsfrom

thetwelfthbirthdaytothetwenty-firstthattheprotectiveandrestrictiveaspectsofchildhoodandminorstatusareremovedandadultprivilegesandresponsibilitiesaregranted.The

twelve-year-oldisnolongerconsideredachildandhastopayfullfarefortrain,airplane,theaterandmovietickets.Basically,theindividualatthisageloseschildhoodprivilegeswithout

gainingsignificantadultrights.Attheageofsixteentheadolescentisgrantedcertainadultrightswhichincreaseshissocialstatusbyprovidinghimwithmorefreedomandchoices.Henow

canobtainadriver’slicense;hecanleavepublicschools;andhecanworkwithouttherestrictionsofchildlaborlaws.Attheageofeighteenthelawprovidesadultresponsibilitiesaswell

asrights;theyoungmancannowbeasoldier,buthealsocanmarrywithoutparentalpermission.Attheageoftwenty-onetheindividualobtainshisfulllegalrightsasanadult.Henowcan

vote,hecanbuyliquor,hecanenterintofinancialcontracts,andheisentitledtorunforpublicoffice.Noadditionalbasicrightsareacquiredasafunctionofageaftermajoritystatus

hasbeenattained.Noneoftheselegalprovisionsdetermineatwhatpointadulthoodhasbeenreachedbuttheydopointtotheprolongedperiodofadolescence.

36.Theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerinindustrialsocietiesbecause________.

[A]thedefinitionofmaturityhaschanged

[B]theindustrializedsocietyismoredeveloped

[C]moreeducationisprovidedandlawsagainstchildlaboraremade

[D]ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificance

37.Formersocialceremoniesthatusedtomarkadolescencehavegivenplaceto________.

[A]graduationsfromschoolsandcolleges

[B]socialrecognition

[C]socio-economicstatus

[D]certainbehavioralchanges

38.Noonecanexpecttofullyenjoytheadulthoodprivilegesuntilheis________.

[A]elevenyearsold

[B]sixteenyearsold

[C]twenty-oneyearsold

[D]betweentwelveandtwenty-oneyearsold

39.Startingfrom22,________.

[A]onewillobtainmorebasicrights

[B]theolderonebecomes,themorebasicrightshewillhave

[C]onewon’tgetmorebasicrightsthanwhenheis21

[D]onewillenjoymorerightsgrantedbysociety

40.Accordingtothepassage,itistruethat________.

[A]inthelate19thcenturyintheUnitedStatesthedividinglinebetweenadolescenceandadulthoodnolongerexisted

[B]noonecanmarrywithoutthepermissionofhisparentsuntiltheageoftwenty-one

[C]oneisconsideredtohavereachedadulthoodwhenhehasadriver’slicense

[D]oneisnotfreefromtherestrictionsofchildlaborlawsuntilhecanjointhearmy

Text3

Mostgrowingplantscontainmuchmorewaterthanallothermaterialscombined.C.R.Barneshassuggestedthatitisaspropertotermtheplantawaterstructureastocallahousecomposed

mainlyofbrickabrickbuilding.Certainitisthatallessentialprocessesofplantgrowthanddevelopmentoccurinwater.Themineralelementsfromthesoilthatareusablebytheplantmust

bedissolvedinthesoilsolutionbeforetheycanbetakenintotheroot.Theyarecarriedtoallpartsofthegrowingplantandarebuiltintoessentialplantmaterialswhileinadissolved

state.ThecarbondioxideCO2fromtheairmayentertheleafasagasbutisdissolvedinwaterintheleafbeforeitiscombinedwithapartofthewatertoformsimplesugars--thebase

materialfromwhichtheplantbodyismainlybuilt.Activelygrowingplantpartsaregenerally75to90percentwater.Structuralpartsofplants,suchaswoodystemsnolongeractively

growing,mayhavemuchlesswaterthangrowingtissues.

Theactualamountofwaterintheplantatanyonetime,however,isonlyaverysmallpartofwhatpassesthroughitduringitsdevelopment.Theprocessesofphotosynthesis,bywhichcarbon

dioxideandwaterarecombined--inthepresenceofchlorophyll叶绿素andwithenergyderivedfromlight--toformsugars,requirethatcarbondioxidefromtheairentertheplant.This

occursmainlyintheleaves.Theleafsurfaceisnotsoli