英文复习材料.docx

英文复习材料.docx

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英文复习材料

选择题

1.

Situation1

Afterabusyweek,Jim,anAmerican,waslookingforwardtospendingSaturdayreadingandrelaxingbyhimself.……

HowdoyouthinkJimfelt?

a）JimprobablyhadmixedfeelingswhenhesawMagid.Hewashappytoseehim,butfeltdisappointedthathecouldn'tspendthetimealone.√

b）JimwasalittlebitupsetbythesuddendroppingbyofMagid.√

c）JimwassohappytoseeMagidthatheforgotaboutwantingtospendthedaybyhimself.

Situation2

OneSaturdaymorning,Magidwashomeanddidn'thavemuchtodo.……

HowdoyouthinkMagidfelt?

a）Magidwasprobablyoffended.√

b）MagidunderstoodthatJimwantedtobebyhimselfthatday.

c）MagidunderstoodthatJimwasalittlebitupsetbecausehedroppedbywithoutcallingfirst.

Situation3

JimaskedMagidtocomeintohishome.……

WhydoyouthinkMagidwasalittleuncomfortable?

a）MagidthoughtthatJimshouldhaveaskedhimtostaylonger.√

b）Magidthoughtthathedidn'tstaylongenough.

c）Magidcouldn'tunderstandwhyJimthankedhimforcoming.

WhydoyouthinkJimwasuncomfortable?

a）JimthoughtthatMagidshouldhavestayedlonger.Threehourswastooshortforavisit.

b）JimthoughtthatMagidshouldhaveapologizedforvisitingwithoutcallingfirst.√

c）JimthoughtthatMagidhadstayedtoolongandthatheshouldhavesaidsomethinglike,"I'msorryifI'vedisturbed."√

2.

Kenneth,anAmericanstudent,metAmir,aMuslimstudentwhorecentlyarrivedintheUnitedStatedfromSaudiArabia,andtheydecidedtohavedinnertogetherattheuniversitycafeteria.……

AmirwasgreatlydispleasedwithKennethbecauseintheMuslimworld

1.therightarmissacredandcannotbetouchedbyanyotherpersons.

2.thelefthandisconsidereduncleananditcannotbeusedtohandlefood.√

3.thelefthandisprofaneandtouchingsomeonewithitisveryoffensive.√

4.thelefthandissacredandcannotbeusedfortouchinganythingnotholy.

5.therightarmcanonlybetouchedwiththerighthand.

3.

AnAmericanuniversitystudentTomisactiveinaforeignstudentclubathisuniversityandhasseveralgoodfriendsfromdifferentcountries.……

TrytofigureoutatleastthreethingsamongthefollowingTomdidthatthevisitorsregardedimpolite.

1.Tominvitedthemtovisithishomebutdidn’tinvitethemtohavedinnerwithhim.

2.Tomopenedthegiftassoonashewaspresentedwithit.√

3.Tomthankedthemonlytwiceforthegift

4.Tomdidn’tmakeasecondofferofdrinkswhentheyrefusedthefirst.√

5.TomtalkedaboutthecostoflivingoftheU.S.A.

6.Tomdidn’taskthemtostaylongerwhentheysaidtheyhadtobeleaving.√

7.Tomdidn’tgoouttoseethemoff.√

8.Tomdidn’tpromisetoreturnthemavisitlater.

4.

Aftergoingoutforsometime,QianRongandPeterhavebecomeveryintimatelovers.……

PeterwasgreatlydispleasedwithQianRong’scommentbecauseinNorthAmerica

1.Beingoverweightisconsideredunhealthy.√

2.Friendscanjokeabouteachother’sweakness,loverscan’t.

3.Peoplearemoreconcernedabouthavinggoodfoodthanhavingagoodfigure.

4.Menarealsoverysensitiveabouttheirphysicalappearance.√

5.Oneshouldn’tpointoutaflawthathis/hersweetheartisonlytooawareof.√

5.

LiHong:

Hello,mynameisLiHong.

Paula:

Hi,I’mPaula.

……

交谈禁忌

不能谈的话题：

price（价格）marriage（婚姻）income（收入）religion（宗教）age（年龄）party（党）

能谈的话题：

fashion（时尚）weather（天气）music（音乐）sports（体育）hobby（业余爱好）arts（艺术）travel（旅行）food（食品）holiday（假日）TVprograms（节目）education（教育）film（电影）book（书）alocalornationalevent（一个当地或一个国家的事件）

6.

Ifinthedininghall,aflywasseeninaglassofbeer,……

Comment:

Weknowsocialinteractionsmayvarygreatlyowingtodifferentculturalbackgrounds.Inthiscase,people’sdifferentreactionstowardaflyinabeerrevealnotonlytheirindividualpersonalitybutalsotheorientationoftheirnation’smainstreamculture,e.g.theEnglish’sseriousness（认真的，严肃的）,theFrench’sarrogance（傲慢）,theSpanish’sgenerosity（慷慨）,theJapanese’scriticalapproach（苛刻）,theArab’ssarcasm（讽刺，挖苦）andtheAmerican’shumor（幽默）.

7.

DuringalunchbuffetataconferenceinChina,WuFa,theinterpreteroftheconference,satwithfourforeignparticipants.……

Comment:

WuFawastryingtobehelpfulatthebuffet.Eventhoughabuffetmeansthateveryonecouldpickhis/herownfood,shefeltthatsheshouldtakecareoftheforeignparticipants.Chineseoftensay“no”whenpeopleofferthemsomething,justtobepolite,thusWuFadidnotreallytaketherejectiontoherfirstoffertohelpseriously.

Westernpeoplearefamiliarwithbuffets,andoneoftherulestheyaretaughtisnottotakemorethantheycaneat.WuFa’seffortatkindness,whichshecouchedintheterms,“Ican’teatthismuchfoodmyself”,cameacrossasbeingsillyandgreedy.Ifshecouldnoteatasmuchasshetook,whydidshetakeit?

Westernpeoplewillsometimessay“no”tobepolite,too.Itcanbedifficulttoknowifsomeoneisjustbeingpoliteoriftheytrulymean“no”.However,Westernpeopleusuallydon’thesitatetoacceptfoodofferattableiftheywantmorehelpings.Furthermore,onecaneasilyhelponeselfduringabuffet,sotheir“no”shouldbetakenas“no”.

8.

StudythedialoguebetweentwoAmericansandtwoChineseandanAmericanandaChineseabout“airportriderequest”.……

Comment:

ThiscasedemonstratestheAmericandirectandChineseindirectverbalinteractionstyles.Bycomparison,Chinesetendtobeataroundthebush.Theyarenotforthrightenough,sothatWesternersoftenperceivethemasinsincereanduntrustworthy.AmericanstendtouseastraightforwardformofrequestwhereasChinesetendtoaskforafavorinamoreroundaboutandimplicitway.Indirectrequestscanhelpbothpartiestosavefaceandupholdharmoniousinteraction.Whenthehearerdetectsarequestduringaconversationwiththespeaker,thehearercanchoosetoeithergrantordenytherequest.Ifthehearerdecidestodenyit,heorsheusuallydoesnotrespondtoitorsubtlychangesthetopicofconversation.Consequently,thespeakerdiscernsthecuesfromtheheareranddropstherequest.AnimplicitunderstandinggenerallyexistsbetweenaspeakerandahearerinChineseculturethatisessentialtomaintainrelationalharmonyatallcostsineverydaysocialinteraction.SowhenChineseandAmericanscommunicatewitheachother,misunderstandingbecomeshighlyprobablebecausetheyeachadheretotheirhabitualverbalstyles.

9.

LindawasayoungPuertoRicangirlstudyinginaNewYorkCityhighschool.……

Comment:

Americanparentsandteacherstellchildren,"LookatmewhenI'mtalkingtoyou!

"Americansfeelsurethattheotherpersonislisteningiftheycanseehisorhereyes.Theythinkthatitisimportanttomakeeyecontactduringaconversation.ToAmericans,it'sasignofopennessandhonesty.Itshowsrespect.Americansthinkthatapersonwhodoesn'tlookatthemmaybehidingthetruth.AccordingtotheEnglishsaying“Don’ttrustanyonewhowon’tlookyouintheeye,”althoughtherewasnoproofofLinda’swrongdoingandalthoughshehadagoodrecord,theprincipaldecidedshewasguiltyandsuspendedherwithoutbeingawareinsomeothercultures,childrenaretaughtnottolookdirectlyatsomeone.Theylearnthatlookingdirectlyatapersonshowsalackofrespect.InJapan,forexample,prolongedeyecontactisconsideredrude,threateninganddisrespectful.PeoplefromLatinAmericanandCaribbeanculturesalsoavoideyecontactasasignofrespect.Arabs,Ontheotherhand,lookdirectlyintotheeyesoftheircommunicationpartners,anddosoforlongperiods.Theybelievesuchcontactshowsinterestintheotherpersonandhelpsthemassessthetruthfulnessoftheotherperson’swords.However,Americansgenerallyavoideyecontactwithcompletestrangersonthestreet.Parentsteachtheirchildrennottostareatstrangers.Smallchildrenarecuriousabouttheworld.Theyenjoyseeingnewthingsandnewkindsofpeople.Theyoftenstareatanyonewholooksdifferent."Don'tstare.It'snotpolite."iswhattheirparentsteachthem.

10.

（今天承蒙各位光临，不胜荣幸。

我们略备粗馔，聊表寸心，没有什么可口的东西，不成敬意，请大家多多包涵…）

“Iamveryhappytohaveallofyouheretoday.ThoughthesedishesarecoarseandnotdeliciousandgoodenoughtoshowmyrespectforyouIhopeyouwillenjoythem…”

……

Comment:

WhatLisaidisjustsomeformulaicpoliteexpressioncommonintype;almostallChinesepeopleknowthisandcouldhearthatnearlyeverywhere.Asfarastheliterarymeaningisconcerned,Li’swordsareinappropriate,buttheydoconveythemeaningofrespect.Here,thelanguageformisdifferentfromitscontent,aphenomenononlyfoundintheEasternculture.However,thiscasehappenedinAmerica,andtheaudiencewasAmerican.Americaisacountrywithhighlyvaluedindividualismandtheyexpressthemselvesratherdirectly.TheycouldnotunderstandtheEasterners’over-modesty,fortheytendtocomprehendwhattheyhearliterally,andaclashwasinevitable.IfyouwanttoenteranAmericancompany,andsay,“Myabilityislimited”.Then,mostlylikelyyouwillberefused.Acommonresponsemaybe,“Ifyouhavelimitedability,whyshouldIhireyou?

”Onthecontrary,ifyousayhowcapableyouare,hemayhireyou.Sothereactionoftherestaurantbosswasnothingunusual.IfLiHongzhang’swordsweretranslatedinto:

“Thecuisineofyourcountryisreallygreat.Itismygreathonortohaveachancetoentertainyouwiththem…”，theneveryonewouldhavebeenhappy.Solearningaforeignlanguagewellmeansmorethanmasteringthepronunciation,grammarandexpressions.Italsomeanslearningitsculture.

11.

WhileIwasstudyinginAmerica,ImetanAmericanclassmatenamedJimmy.……

有关中西方对于借钱还钱差异的短文。