浅析英式英语与美式英语的差异本科论文.docx

浅析英式英语与美式英语的差异本科论文.docx

《浅析英式英语与美式英语的差异本科论文.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《浅析英式英语与美式英语的差异本科论文.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

浅析英式英语与美式英语的差异本科论文

中国某某某某学校

学生毕业设计（论文）

题目：

浅析英式英语与美式英语的差异

姓名：

00000

班级、学号：

0000000000

系（部）：

经济管理系

专业：

商务英语

指导教师：

000000

开题时间：

2009-4-10

完成时间：

2009-11-2

2009年11月2日

目录

毕业设计任务书…………………………………………………1

毕业设计成绩评定表……………………………………………2

答辩申请书……………………………………………………3-4

正文……………………………………………………………5-6

答辩委员会表决意见……………………………………………7

答辩过程记录表…………………………………………………8

课题浅析英式英语与美式英语的差异

一、课题（论文）提纲

0.引言

1.英式英语与美式英语的历史与演变

1.1英式英语的历史

1.2美式英语的历史

1.3美式英语对英式英语的影响

2.剖析英式英语与美式英语的不同

2.1发音差异

2.2词汇差异

2.3拼写差异

2.4语法差异

3.英式英语与美式英语在实际应用中的差异

3.1信件习惯上的不同

3.2在人家交流中产生的歧异

3.3行话差异

4.英语的现状与未来

5.结论

二、内容摘要

全球一体化的今天，英语作为世界通用语言，在人们的日常生活中，不论是民间交往或官方交流中扮演着极其重要的角色。

由于美国已经处于国际上较高的地位，美式英语逐渐流行起来，美式英语与英式英语成为了英语语系中比较重要的两种。

并且也已被一向高傲的英国人承认，而且英国人开始学习使用比较简单化的美式英语。

虽然美式英语同英式英语一样都是英语，但是其不同之处甚多。

英语在众多的英语国家中都有各自的方言，俗语层出不穷，当然误解意思的事情也经常发生。

同时在现代的生活中，时间是每个现代人宝贵的财富，传统的英式英语相对复杂，而美式英语便捷实用，符合历史的潮流。

英国，美国，加拿大等英语大国的学者也已经意识到这种趋势，并且从语法，词汇，使用等方面总结出两种语言的差异。

关键词：

英式英语；美式英语

三、参考文献

[1]AlbertCBaughandThomasCable,AHistoryoftheEnglishLanguage,Routlege,1993.

[2]崔更国，英国英语和美国英语语言用法上的不同，石家庄铁路工程职业技术学院，2004.6，第3期。

[3]DavidS.Jackson,流行美语，上海：

上海世界图书出版公司，2004.

[4]侯宁海，美语、英语分类对照手册，合肥：

中国科学技术大学出版社，1997。

[5]李赋宁，英语史，北京：

商务印书馆，2004。

[6]林天送，21世纪英美文法，北京：

中国国际广播出版社；（台湾）建宏出版社，1999。

[7]刘榕，试论英国英语和美国英语的词汇差异，宁德师专学报，2003，第2期。

[9]俞杰，英语的变易，北京：

外语教学与研究出版社，2005。

ABriefAnalysisonDifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish

000000

Abstract

Intoday’sglobalintegration,English,asthecommonlanguageintheworld,playsaquiteimportantrolebothinciviliancommunicationandofficialcommunicationinourdailylife.OwingtotheUSistheoverlordinthisworld,soAmericanEnglishisgettingmorepopular.AmericanEnglishandBritishEnglishhavebecomethetworelativeimportantlanguagesinEnglishphylum.AndAmericanEnglishhasalreadybeenacceptedbyBritishpeoplewhoaretoploftyallthetime.Atthesametime,theBritishalsobegintolearnandusethissimplifiedlanguage.Although,AmericanEnglishisalmostthesameasBritishEnglish,theystillhavesomedifferences.TherearemanydifferentlocalismsoftheirownamongmanyEnglishcountriesandsuchlocalismsarealwaysemergingendlessly.Sometimes,ofcourse,misunderstandingbetweenthemisunavoidable.Meanwhile,thetimeisatreasureforpeopleinthemodernlife.AndthetraditionalBritishEnglishiscomparativelycomplicatedwhileAmericanEnglishisconvenientandpractical,becauseAmericanEnglishseemsmoreinaccordancewiththetideofhistory.ThescholarsofmanybigEnglish-speakingcountriessuchasBritain,AmericaandCanadahavebeenontothetrend.Theyhavealsosummedupthedifferencesbetweenthetwolanguagesfromthegrammar,vocabularyandusingetc.

KeyWords:

BritishEnglish;AmericanEnglish

0.Introduction

Forthe21stcenturytoday,theworldisbecomingsmallerandsmallerastothedevelopmentofhigh-tech.Theworldtransformedcountriesonebyoneintoaglobalvillagefromthenavigationcenturytothehighspeedconveyanceatpresent.Inthishugevillage,therearemanypeoplewithdifferentcomplexion;differentagnateanddifferenttonguelived.Afterlengthyyears,Englishbecametheprimarylanguageinthisbigfamily.AndthedifferentiationappearedintheevolvementofEnglishitself,itdividedintoBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.ThefollowingarticlewillanalyzethedifferencesofthetwoEnglishphyla.

1.ThehistoryandevolvementsofBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish

It’sgoodtocomprehendnowadaysforstudyforetime,butthedeeplyknowledgeofnowadaysisalsothepreconditionofcomputeforetimeexactly.ThisarticlewilltrytocastbackthecontextofBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.Andinnowadays,theAmericanEnglishistakingtheleadingplaceofBritishEnglish.

1.1.ThehistoryofBritishEnglish

EnglishisaWestGermaniclanguagethatoriginatedfromtheAnglo-FrisiandialectsbroughttoBritainbyGermanicinvadersfromvariouspartsofwhatisnownorthwestGermanyandtheNetherlands.Initially,OldEnglishwasadiversegroupofdialects,reflectingthevariedoriginsoftheAnglo-SaxonKingdomsofEngland.Oneofthesedialects,LateWestSaxon,eventuallycametobedominated.TheoriginalOldEnglishlanguagewastheninfluencedbytwofurtherwavesofinvasion:

thefirstbyspeakersoftheScandinavianbranchoftheGermaniclanguagefamily,whoconqueredandcolonizedpartsofBritaininthe8thand9thcenturies;thesecondbytheNormansinthe11thcentury,whospokeOldNormanandultimatelydevelopedanEnglishvarietyofthiscalledAnglo-Norman.ThesetwoinvasionscausedEnglishtobecome“mixed”tosomedegree.

CohabitationwiththeScandinaviansresultedinasignificantgrammaticalsimplificationandlexicalenrichmentoftheAnglo-FrisiancoreofEnglish;thelaterNormanoccupationledtothegraftingontothatGermaniccoreofamoreelaboratelayerofwordsfromtheRomancelanguages.ThisNormaninfluenceenteredEnglishlargelythroughthecourtsandgovernment.Thus,Englishdevelopedintoa“borrowing”languageofgreatflexibility,resultinginanenormousandvariedvocabulary.

1.2.ThehistoryofAmericanEnglish

AmericanEnglishisasetofdialectsoftheEnglishlanguageusedmostlyintheUnitedStates.ApproximatelytwothirdsofnativespeakersofEnglishliveintheUnitedStates.

EnglishisthemostcommonlanguageintheUnitedStates.ThoughtheU.S.federalgovernmenthasnoofficiallanguage,Englishisconsideredthedefacto,“inpracticebutnotnecessarilyordainedbylaw”,languageoftheUnitedStatesbecauseofitswidespreaduse.Englishhasbeengivenofficialstatusby30ofthe50stategovernments.

TheuseofEnglishintheUnitedStateswasinheritedfromBritishcolonization.ThefirstwaveofEnglish-speakingsettlersarrivedinNorthAmericainthe17thcentury.Duringthattime,therewerealsospeakersinNorthAmericaofSpanish,French,Dutch,German,Norwegian,Swedish,Scots,Welsh,Irish,ScottishGaelic,Finnish,Russian（Alaska）andnumerousNativeAmericanlanguages.

1.3.TheimpactofAmericanEnglishonBritishEnglish

WhileBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbelongtothesamephylum,butduringthethreehundredyearsafterthefirstgroupofEuropeimmigrant,thetwolanguagesweregoingtheirownway.AmericanEnglishhasdevelopedanewmethodoftalk,partlyisduetothedifferencesofconditionoflivingandtheotherpartabsorbedthelanguageofotherimmigrant.ThechiefdifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglisharetheintonationoftalkandrhythm.Andtherearealsomanydifferencesinvocabulary.Forexample,politicianhasaderogatorysenseinAmericanEnglishbutnotinBritishEnglish.InAmericanEnglishsolicitormeanssalesmanorbeggarbutitmeanslawyerinBritishEnglish.Nearthefewtenyears,becausethedevelopmentoftrade,militaryaffairsandtechnologyhasmadeAmericabecomemoreandmorestrongandimportantintheworld.AstotheAmericanfilmisverypopular,theslanginAmericapenetratetotheSpokenEnglish.Nowadays,peoplewhoaccepttheAmericanEnglishmostquicklyaretheyoungerinBritish,andthetendencyisimproving.Obviously,theoriginofAmericanEnglishdevelopmentistheAmericanfilm,TVprogram,mediaandmusicandsoon.ForexampletheRAPmusic,manyyoungpeoplelikethatanditisverypopular.AmericanEnglishhasalsoinfluencedthehideboundBritishEnglishintrope.AmericanEnglishismoreacceptablebyneoteric.

2.ThespecificdifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish

ThevarietyofEnglishthatwasspokenintheUSAiscalledAmericanEnglish.AmericanEnglishgrewoutofBritishEnglishofthe17thcentury.WiththefurthergrowthoftheUnitedStates,AmericanEnglishhasevolvedfroma“colonialbranch”toavariantornationalstandardofEnglish.ThecharacteristicsofAmericanEnglisharemarkedbyapparentcontradictions:

creativenessinenrichingthelanguageversusconservativenessinpreservinganumberofarchaicfeatures;theuseofshortandpoignantexpressions,includingslang,versusfondnessofbigwords;homogeneitymanifestedbyheavyborrowingsfromothertonguesversusrelativeuniformitywhichis,inasense,closetohomogeneity;andtheuseofverbosestyleinofficialpapersversusplainlanguageinpopularwriting.ThesepropertiescombinetomakeAmericanEnglishadistinctivevarietyoftheEnglishlanguage.

2.1.Differencesinpronunciation

Onawhole,thesimilaritiesbetweenthetwokindsofpronunciationaregreaterthantheotherdifferences.ThenatureofthedifferencesinpronunciationbetweenGeneralAmericanandStandardBritishEnglishhasbeendiscussedbymanyauthorities,therearemanychiefdifferencesinvowel、diphthongssuchasfast:

|fa:

st|（BritishEnglish）|fest|（AmericanEnglish）;want|wכnt|（BritishEnglish）|want|（AmericanEnglish）andsoon.Astoconsonants,inBritishEnglishtheletter“r”isnotpronouncedbeforeaconsonant;attheendofaword,rispronouncedifthenextwordbeginswithavowelsuchas:

farm|fa:

m|,door|dכ:

|.Thedigraph“wh”ispronounced|w|inBritishEnglish,but|hw|inAmericanEnglish.Forexample,whenwhichinBritishEnglish,|wen|;AmericanEnglish,|hwen|.Further,differentphonemesmaybeusedinthesameword.Thisisfoundonlywithindividualwords.Forexamples:

ate|et|（BritishEnglish）-|eit|（AmericanEnglish）.IdenticalsystemsofstressandrhythmareusedbyBritishandAmericanEnglish.Thereare,however,afewwordsthathavetheirstressonadifferentsyllable.Forsomeexamples:

ad'dress（BritishEnglish-′address（AmericanEnglish）,advertisement（BritishEnglish）-adver′tisement（AmericanEnglish）.

Finally,intonationdifferences,