河南省洛阳市学年高一下学期第一次月考英语试题.docx
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河南省洛阳市学年高一下学期第一次月考英语试题
2018-2019学年河南省洛阳市下学期第一次月考高一
英语试题
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)(略)
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Morethantwothirdsoftheworld’spolarbearswillbewipedoutby2050,accordingtoashockingnewstudy.Bythen,scientistssay,globalwarmingwillhavemelted42percentoftheArcticseaice.By2100,onlyaveryfewoftheseimportantcreatureswillbeleft.
ThereporthasbeenproducedbytheUSGeologicalSurvey.ThescientistshavepublicizedtheirfindingsinthehopeofinfluencingUSInteriorSecretaryDirkKempthorne,whohasbeenaskedtoputpolarbearsontheUSendangeredspecieslist.
Polarbearsdependonfloatingseaiceasaplatformforhuntingseals,whicharetheirmainfood.Withoutenoughice,polarbearswouldbeforcedtogoontotheland,wheretheyarepoorlyskilledhunters,andwouldbeunlikelytoadapttothelifeonthelandintime.Expertssayfewlittlebearswouldsurviveandthestresscouldmakemanyfemalesunabletogetpregnant.
TheteamofAmericanandCanadianscientistsspentsixmonthsstudyingbears,ontheground,fromspotterplanesandinthelab,usingcomputermodels.Someteammembersfeartheresultisevenworseforthebearsthanwhattheirreportsays.TheysaytheArcticiswarmingfasterthananywhereintheworldandmuchfasterthantheircomputerhadbeenforecasting.Satelliteobservationshaveshowedthattheicehasdecreasedtoanalltimelow.
However,noteveryoneinthescientificcommunitybelievesthatglobalwarmingishappeningonsuchanalarmingscale.Anotherinvestigationhasfoundthatpolarbearsarestillbeinghuntedbywealthy“sportsmen”whowanttheirskinsandheads.Atleastteninternationalcompaniesofferbearhuntingtrips.
1.WhatdoweknowaboutDirkKempthorneaccordingtothepassage?
A.Heisananimalscientist.
B.HeisaprotectorofanimalsworkingfortheUSgovernment.
C.HewasaskedtoputpolarbearsontheUSendangeredspecieslist.
D.Heofferedtoputpolarbearsontheendangeredspecieslist.
2.Whywillpolarbearsdieoutifthereisnotenoughseaice?
A.Becausepolarbearscan’tcatchenoughfoodwithoutice.
B.Becausepolarbearseaticewhentheyfeelthirsty.
C.Becausepolarbearswillbeeasilyfoundbyhunterswithoutice.
D.Becausemostfemalebearsareusedtogivingbirthunderice.
3.Afterasixmonthstudy,somescientistsfearthat________.
A.thereissomethingwrongwiththeircomputers
B.polarbearswilldisappearevenfasterthantheyeverexpected
C.theircomputermodelsarenotasaccurateastheyexpected
D.globalwarmingwilldestroyeverythingintheArctic
【答案】1.C2.A3.B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。
本文说的是由于全球变暖,北极熊有可能在这个世纪末就要灭绝了。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。
根据第二段第二句中的“USInteriorSecretaryDirkKempthorne,whohasbeenaskedtoputpolarbearsontheUSendangeredspecieslist.”可知,他被要求把北极熊列入美国濒危物种名单,故选C。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。
根据第三段第一句“Polarbearsdependonfloatingseaiceasaplatformforhuntingseals,whicharetheirmainfood.”可知,如果没有足够的海冰,北极熊会因为捕捉不到足够的猎物而濒临灭绝,故选A。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。
根据第四段的“Someteammembersfeartheresultisevenworseforthebearsthanwhattheirreportsays.”可知,科学家们害怕北极熊消失的速度将比他们预想的还要快,故选B。
B
OneofthemostfamousbuildingsintheUnitedStatesisCarnegieHall,thehomeofclassicalandpopularmusicconcertsinNewYork.CarnegieHallisknownnotjustforitsbeautyandhistory,butalsoforitsamazingsound.CarnegieHallisnamedafterAndrewCarnegie,whopaidforitsconstruction.ConstructionofCarnegieHallbeganin1890andtheofficialopeningnightwasonMay5th,1891.
ThehallwasownedbytheCarnegiefamilyuntil1924whenitwassoldtoRobertESimon.Thebuildingbecameveryoldandin1960,thenewownermadeplanstodestroyitandbuildanofficeblock.IsaacStemledagroupofpeoplewhofoughttosaveCarnegieHallandfinally,thecityofNewYorkboughtitfor$5million.Itwasthenfixedupbetween1983and1995.
AdvertisementsandstoriesinnewspapersabouthowCarnegieHallneededhelptorecoveritshistoryledpeopletosendinoldconcertprogrammesandinformationfromallovertheworld.Over12,000concertprogrammeswerereceivedandwiththeseitwaspossibletomakeaproperrecordofCarnegieHall’sconcerthistory.
CarnegieHallisactuallymadeupofseveraldifferenthalls,buttheMainHall,nowcalledtheIsaacStemAuditorium,isthemostfamous.Thehallitselfcanholdanaudienceof2,804infivelevelsofseating.
BecausethebestandmostfamousmusiciansofalltimehaveplayedatCarnegieHall,itisthedreamofmostmusicianswhowanttobegreattoplaythere.ThishasledtoaveryoldjokewhichisnowpartofCarnegieHall’shistory.Question:
“HowdoIgettoCarnegieHall?
”Answer:
“Practice,practice,practice.”
4.ItcanbeinferredthatpeoplewantedtosaveCarnegieHallmainlybecause________.
A.itmadealotofmoney
B.itwasworthvisiting
C.manyimportantconcertswereheldinit
D.itmadesomeplayersbecomefamous
5.HowdidCarnegieHallrecoveritsconcerthistory?
A.Throughnewspaperreports.
B.Througholdconcertprogrammes.
C.Througholdphotographs.
D.Througholdjokes.
6.WhyistheCarnegieHalljokefunny?
A.Becauseyouexpecttheanswertobedirectionsbutnotadvice.
B.BecauseCarnegieHallisaplacewheremusicianspracticealot.
C.BecauseitisdifficulttofindyourwaytoCarnegieHall.
D.Becauseyoudon’texpecttheanswertorepeatthesamewordthreetimes.
7.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.ThehistoryofCarnegieHall
B.ThebestmusicianhavingplayedinCarnegieHall
C.AjokeaboutCarnegieHall
D.Thedreamofmostmusicians
【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.A
【解析】
本文主要介绍了有号称“世界一流音响设备”的卡内基音乐厅,并讲述它的历史与辉煌。
因此能在卡内基音乐厅举办自己的音乐会,成为众多音乐家的梦想。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。
根据最后一段第一句卡内基音乐厅曾举办过许多音乐会,许多名家都在这里演奏过可知,它的历史辉煌,因此当它要被拆迁改建时人们极力挽救。
故选C.
【5题详解】
细节理解题。
根据第三段第二句“收到12000多份节目单,这样才能够记录下大厅比较完整的历史”可知,B项为正确答案。
故选B.
【6题详解】
细节理解题。
民间流传着一个有关卡内基音乐大厅的笑话:
有人问:
“去卡内基大厅怎么走?
”按照常规思维,答话者应该直接指路,然而答话者却回答说:
“练习、练习、再练习。
”这就是这个笑话的幽默所在。
故选A.
【7题详解】
标题归纳题。
本文主要介绍了有号称“世界一流音响设备”的卡内基音乐厅的历史。
故选A.
【名师点睛】
每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。
主旨要义型题范围一般包括:
短文标题、主题大意或段落大意等。
此题型要求考生在理解文章后归纳文章要点,概括中心思想。
考生需要分析文章的篇章结构,抓住文章的开头或结尾,从而找出能概括文章的主题句。
主题句的特点:
(1)语言特点:
归纳性、概括性、抽象性;
(2)位置特点:
主题句常出现在“总结性”语言的“信号词”后,如:
insummary,inaword,asaresult,finally,inshort,inconclusion和inbrief等;主题句常出现在“转移话题式”语言的“信号词”后,如:
but,however,nevertheless等。
标题的语言特点:
独特新颖 、概括性强、短小精炼。
A.主旨大意主要的设题方式有:
(1)Whichofthefollowingbestgivesthemainideaofthisnewspaperarticle?
(2)Thebestheadlineforthisnewspaperarticleis____.
(3)Whatisthetopicofthetext?
(4)Thetextismainlyabout______.
(5)What'sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?
(6)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
B.主旨大意主要的解题策略有:
(1)标题类。
文章标题可以是单词,短语,也可以是句子,它的特点是:
短小精悍,多为一短语;涵盖性强,一般要求能覆盖全文,其确定的范围要恰当,既不能太大,也不能太小;精确性强,不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
(2)主旨类。
概括主旨的方法是:
先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句,若无明显主题句,就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句,记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。
文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时,务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。
此时,要注意一些转折词,如but,yet,however,although,inspiteof,bycontrast,onthecontrary等。
当文章中表示相反的观点时,往往用到这些词。
答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点,排除迷惑性信息,准确归纳主旨大意。
如小题4,该题属于标题类,标题的特点是短小精悍,要覆盖全文,范围适当,精确性强。
根据本文主要围绕“世界一流音响设备”的卡内基音乐厅的历史展开,因此A项作为标题最准确。
C
Unlikemostotherholidays,thehistoryofAprilFools’Day,sometimescalledAllFools’Day,isnottotallyclear.Theonlypointintimethatcanbeagreedonasthebeginningofthistraditionwas1582,inFrance.Beforethatyear,theNewYearwascelebratedforeightdays,beginningonMarch25th.ThecelebrationreachedthehighestpointonApril1st.WiththereformofthecalendarunderCharlesIX,theGregoriancalendar(公历,阳历)wasintroduced,andNewYear’sDaywasmovedtoJanuary1st.
However,becauseinthosedayscommunicationswerenotasdevelopedastheyaretoday,manypeopledidnotreceivethenewsforseveralyears.SomepeoplerefusedtoacceptthenewcalendarandcontinuedtocelebratetheNewYearonApril1st.Thesebackwardpeoplewereconsidered“fools”byotherpeople.Theywereoftensenton“fools”errands(徒劳无益的工作)orweremadethetargetsofjokes.
Thisdeveloped,overtime,intoatraditionofplayingatrickonsomeoneonthefirstdayofApril.ThetraditioneventuallyspreadtoEnglandandScotlandintheeighteenthcentury.ItwaslaterintroducedtotheAmericancoloniesofboththeBritainandFrance.AprilFools’Daythusdevelopedintoaninternationalfunfeast,sotospeak,withdifferentnationalitiesspecializingintheirownkindofhumorattheexpenseoftheirfriendsandfamilies.
8.Accordingtoanearliercalendar,NewYear’sDayinFrancewas________.
A.March25thB.January1st
C.April1stD.April3rd
9.WhichofthefollowingfirsthadthetraditionofcelebratingtheAprilFools’Day?
A.France.B.England.
C.Scotland.D.America.
10.Whatwaspeople’sattitudetowardsthenewcalendar?
A.Theyacceptedithappily.
B.Theyrefuseditimmediately.
C.Somerecognizedit.
D.Somelaughedatit.
11.Thepassagemainlytellsus________.
A.whattheFrenchdidonAprilFools’Day
B.howAprilFools’Daycameintobeing
C.whenwasthenewcalendarintroduced
D.whysomepeoplewerefooledinFrance
【答案】8.C9.A10.C11.B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。
本文介绍了愚人节的由来。
【8题详解】
推理解判断题。
由第二段“.andcontinuedtocelebratetheNewYearonApril1”可知,根据以前的公历,法国的元旦是4月1日。
故C选项正确。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。
由第一段“Theonlypointintimethatcanbeagreedonasthebeginningofthistraditionwas1582,inFrance.”可知,法国是第一个庆祝愚人节的国家。
故A选项正确。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。
由第二段“Somepeoplerefusedtoacceptthenewcalendar”可知,一部分人接受了新公历,一部分人拒绝了新公历。
故C选项正确。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。
从全文及最后一段最后一句“AprilFools’Daythusdevelopedintoaninternationalfunfeast,sotospeak,withdifferentnationalitiesspec