动词的时态和语态历年高考考点析与练.docx
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动词的时态和语态历年高考考点析与练
动词的时态和语态历年高考考点
刘述民
【考纲解读】
动词的时态和语态历来是高考题中考查的重头戏之一。
测试重点放在根据特定语言环境区别使用一般过去时和现在完成时；一般现在时（过去时）与现在（过去）进行时；及物动词的被动用法；特定的时间状语中时态的使用；结合所获得的语言知识确定正确时态的能力等。
一、一般现在时
（一）构成：
动词be单数第一人称用am，单数第三人称用is，其余各人称都用are．
动词have单数第三人称用has．其余各人称都用have；
行为动词单数第三人称用原形+-s，-es（构成规则同名词加复数），其余各人称都用原形。
（二）用法：
1、表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或目前的状态．这时常和下列时间状语连用：
often，usually，always，sometimes，everyday，onceaweek，onSundays，never，seldom等。
【2012安徽】Walmart,whichisoneofthelargestAmericansupermarketchains,someofitsstoreopen24hoursonMondaysthroughSaturdays.
A.keepsB.keepC.havekeptD.hadkept
〖10上海〗Everyfewyears,thecoalworkers______theirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth.
A.arehavingB.haveC.havehadD.hadhad
〖10辽宁〗I_______allthecookingformyfamily,butrecentlyI’vebeentoobusytodoit.
A.willdoB.doC.amdoingD.haddone
〖06辽宁〗Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren________skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.A.isgoingB.goC.goesD.aregoing
〖10全国Ⅱ〗Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho______eveningdress.A.wearB.wearsC.haswornD.haveworn
〖10重庆〗Thepalacecaughtfirethreetimesinthelastcentury,andlittleoftheoriginalbuilding_______now.A.remainsB.isremainedC.isremainingD.hasbeenremained
〖09天津〗Myparents_____inHongKong.Theywerebornthereandhaveneverlivedanywhereelse.A.liveB.livedC.werelivingD.willlive
〖09江西〗Atpresent,oneofthereasonsinfavorofthenewairport________thatitwillgivealotjobstothearea.A.isB.areC.willbeD.were
〖06全国Ⅰ〗Thehousebelongstomyauntbutshe________hereanymore.
A.hasn’tlivedB.didn’tliveC.hadn’tlivedD.doesn’tlive
06北京〗—Wheredidyouputthekeysofthecar?
—Oh,I________IputthemonthechairbecausethephonerangasI________in.
A.remembered;comeB.remembered;wascoming
C.remember;comeD.remember;wascoming
〖06浙江〗Thismachine________.Ithasn’tworkedforyears.
A.didn’tworkB.wasn’tworkingC.doesn’tworkD.isn’tworking
2、表示客观事实或普遍真理。
①Hesaidthatlight______muchfasterthansound.
A.hastravelledB.wentC.travelsD.travelled
②【2012全国】"Lifeislikewalkinginthesnow",Grannyusedtosay,"becauseeverystep”A.hasshownB.isshowingC.showsD.showed
③〖09福建〗Accordingtotheliteraryreview,Shakespeare____hischaritieslivethroughtheirlanguageinhisplays.A.willmakeB.hadmadeC.wasmakingD.makes
3、表示十分确定的或已安排或计划好的将来，但常限于下列动词：
go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，begin，do，die，等暂短性动词，句中常用表示将来的时间状语。
TheyleaveBeijingat9p.mtomorrow.
〖06四川〗Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!
Flight4026________offat18:
20.
A.takesB.tookC.willbetakenD.hastaken
4、在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中表示将来。
Ifitdoesn’trainnextSunday，we’llgoouting．
I’llwritetoyouassoonasIarriveinWuhan．
Evenifitrainstomorrow，thesportsmeetwilltakeplace．
〖05全国I〗—Whatwouldyoudoifit________tomorrow?
—Wehavetocarryiton,sincewe’vegoteverythingready.
A.rain B.rains C.willrain D.israining
〖09辽宁〗MyparentshavepromisedtocometoseemebeforeI____forAfrica.
A.haveleftB.leaveC.leftD.willleave
二．一般过去时
（一）构成：
动词be第一、第三人称单数用was，其余人称用were。
动词have一律用had，没有人称和数的变化。
行为动词一律用过去式，没有人称和数的变化。
（二）用法：
1、表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，常常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday，lastweek，anhourago，theotherday，justnow，onceuponatime，beforeliberation，intheolddays，whenIwasatmiddleschool等。
2、表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。
Maryalwaysgotuptoolate，andneverhadenoughtimeforbreakfast．
注：
这种用法常用usedto+动词原形或would+动词原形来表达。
IusedtogotoschoolearlywhenIwasatschool．读书时，我常常很早上学。
Sometimeshewouldworktheretilltwoorthreeo’clocknextmorning．
3、在条件、时间、方式、让步状语从句中表示过去将来的动作。
ShetoldmethatshewouldnotleaveuntilIcameback.她告诉我她直到我回来再离开。
体味高考
【2012辽宁】Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathesomethinginsteadofjusttalking.A.willdoB.hasdoneC.doD.did
【2012北京】Georgesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthe______.A.wouldn’tB.didn’tC.hasn’tD.hadn’t
【2012北京】Ourfriendship_____quicklyovertheweeksthatfollowed.
A.haddevelopedB.wasdevelopingC.woulddevelopD.developed
【2012天津】Thethreeofus___________aroundEuropeforaboutamonthlastsummer.
A.travelledB.havetravelledC.hadtravelledD.travel
【2012江苏】Thepresidenthopesthatthepeoplewillbebetteroffwhenhequitsthanwhenhe________.A.hasstartedB.startsC.startedD.willstart
【2012全国】Ihadbeenworkingonmathforthewholeafternoonandthenumbers_______beforemyeyes.A.swimB.swumC.swamD.hadswum
{2012山东】AfterJackhadsentsomee-mails,he_______workingonhisproject.
A.hadstartedB.hasstartedC.startedD.starts
【2012浙江】Peterhadintendedtotakeajobinbusiness,but_____thatplanaftertheunpleasantexperienceinCanadain2010.
A.hadabandonedB.abandonedC.abandonD.willabandon
〖09北京〗WhenItalkedwithmygrandmaonthephone,shesoundedweak,butbythetimewe_____up,hervoicehadbeenfulloflife.
A.werehangingB.hadhungC.hungD.wouldhang
【2012重庆】.-kevin,youlookworried.Anythingwrong?
-Well,I____atestandI’mwaitingfortheresult.A.willtakeB.tookC.hadtakenD.take
【2012全国】--DidyouaskSophiaforhelp?
---I___needto.Imanagedperfectlywellonmyown.
A.wouldn’tB.don’tC.didn’tD.won’t
【2011全国】Ifyoudon'tlikethedrinkyoujustleaveitandtryadifferentone.
A.orderedB.areorderingC.willorderD.hadordered
【2011北京】——Thatmusthavebeenalongtrip.—Yeah,itusawholeweektogetthere.A.takesB.hastakenC.tookD.wastaking
【2011北京】——BobhasgonetoCalifornia.——Oh,canyoutellmewhenhe?
A.hasleftB.leftC.isleavingD.wouldleave
【2011山东】WhenIgotonthebus,IIhadleftmywalletathome.
A.wasrealizingB.realizedC.haverealizedD.wouldrealize
【2011湖南卷】In1492,ColumbusononeoftheBahamaislands,buthemistookitforanislandoffIndia.A.landsB.landedC.haslandedD.hadlanded
〖10全国Ⅱ〗ExcusemeI________Iwasblockingyourway.
A.didn’trealizeB.don’trealizeC.haven’trealizedD.wasn’trealizing
〖10重庆〗Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceit________onthemarketin1973.A.hadcomeB.hascomeC.cameD.comes
〖09全国卷〗Edward,youplaysowell.ButI______youplayedthepiano.
A.didn’tknowB.hadn’tknownC.don’tknowD.haven’tknown
〖09北京〗Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniverse___intobeing.
A.cameB.wascomingC.hadcomeD.wouldcome
〖09四川〗—YouspeakverygoodFrench!
—Thanks.I__________FrenchinSichuanUniversityforfouryears.
A.studiedB.studyC.wasstudyingD.hadstudied
〖09山东〗Iwasoutoftownatthetime,soIdon’tknowexactlyhowit_______.
A.washappeningB.happenedC.happensD.hashappened
〖09江苏〗--Annisinhospital.--Oh,really?
I________know.I________goandvisither.
A.didn’t;amgoingtoB.don’t;wouldC.don’t;willD.didn’t;will
〖09湖南〗—Thefoodhereisniceenough.—Myfriend______mearightplace.
A.introducesB.introducedC.hadintroducedD.wasintroducing
〖09浙江〗—Whatdoyouthinkofthemovie?
—It’sfantastic.TheonlypityisthatI______thebeginningofit.
A.missedB.hadmissedC.missD.wouldmiss
〖09重庆〗—I’vegottogonow.—Mustyou?
I______youcouldstayfordinnerwithus.
A.thinkB.thoughtC.havethoughtD.amthinking
〖08全国〗—HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonforalongtime?
—Yes,sinceshe________theChineseSociety.A.hasjoinedB.joinsC.hadjoinedD.joined
〖08全国Ⅱ〗Iftheweatherhadbeenbetter,wecouldhavehadapicnic.Butit________allday.A.rainedB.rainsC.hasrainedD.israining
〖08北京〗—HaveyoureadabookcalledWaitingforAnya?
—Who________it?
A.writesB.haswrittenC.wroteD.hadwritten
〖08天津〗He________footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.
A.wasplayingB.playedC.hasplayedD.hadplayed
〖08重庆〗Judyisgoingtomarrythesailorshe________inRomelastyear.
A.meetsB.metC.hasmetD.wouldmeet
〖07江西〗—Ouch!
Youhurtme!
—Iamsorry.ButI________anyharm.I________todrivearatout.
A.didn’tmean;triedB.don’tmean;amtrying
C.haven’tmeant;triedD.didn’tmean;wastrying
〖06重庆〗I________inLondonformanyyears,butI’veneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina.A.livedB.waslivingC.havelivedD.hadlived
〖05湖南〗–Ifthetraffichadn'tbeensoheavy,Icouldhavebeenhackby6o'clock.
--Whatapity!
Tina_____heretoseeyou.A.is B.was C.wouldbe D.hasbeen
〖04全国II〗I________younottomovemydictionary—nowIcan’tfindit.
A.askedB.askC.wasaskingD.hadasked
〖04全国〗---Thankgoodness,you’rehere!
What______you?
---Trafficjam.A.keeps B.iskeeping C.hadkept D.kept
〖04辽宁〗ItissaidinthebookthatThomasEdison（1847—1931）________theworld-leadinginventorforsixtyyears.A.wouldbeB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.was
〖04湖南〗---IhearJanehasgonetotheHolyIslandforherholiday.
----Ob,hownice!
Doyouknowwhenshe______?
A.wasleaving B.hadleft C.hasleft D.left
〖02〗--Youhaven'tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?
---I'msorryI______anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit'sprettyonyou.
A.wasn'tsayingB.don'tsayC.won'tsayD.didn'tsay
〖09江西〗---Doyouwantalifthome?
---It’sverykindofyou,butIhaveamuchlateintheoffice.Ioversleptthismorningbecausemymorningclock_______.A.doesn’tgooffB.won’tgoonC.wasn’tgoingoffD.didn’tgoon
三、一般将来时
（一）构成：
will+动词原形
（二）用法：
1、表示将来某时刻将会发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示将来的时间状语连用如：
tomorrow，nextSunday，nexttime，inafewdays，whenhecomes，thedayafterto
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