On the Ambiguous Attitude towards Puritanism in Hawthornes Gothic Novels论霍桑哥特小说中矛盾的清教观.docx

On the Ambiguous Attitude towards Puritanism in Hawthornes Gothic Novels论霍桑哥特小说中矛盾的清教观.docx

《On the Ambiguous Attitude towards Puritanism in Hawthornes Gothic Novels论霍桑哥特小说中矛盾的清教观.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《On the Ambiguous Attitude towards Puritanism in Hawthornes Gothic Novels论霍桑哥特小说中矛盾的清教观.docx（18页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

OntheAmbiguousAttitudetowardsPuritanisminHawthornesGothicNovels论霍桑哥特小说中矛盾的清教观

学科分类号（二级）740.5011

本科学生毕业论文（设计）

题目OntheAmbiguousAttitudetowardsPuritanisminHawthorne’sGothicNovels　

　　　　　　　　论霍桑哥特小说中矛盾的清教观　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

姓　名　　　　　　　　　　　　　

学　号　　　　　　　　　　　　

院、　系　外语学院英语系　　　　　　　

专　　业　英语（师范G）　　　　　　　　

指导教师　　　　　　　　

职称（学历）副教授

2010年5月10号

独创性声明

本人声明所呈交的学位论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。

尽我所知，除文中已经标明引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。

对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。

本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。

学位论文作者签名：

年月日

学位论文版权使用授权书

本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：

学校有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。

本人授权云南师范大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。

学位论文作者签名：

指导教师签名：

年月日年月日

STATEMENTOFAUTHORSHIP

Exceptwherereferenceismadeinthetextofthethesis,thisthesiscontainsnomaterialpublishedelsewhereorextractedinwholeorpartfromathesispresentedbymeforanotherdegreeordiploma.

Nootherperson’sworkhasbeenusedwithoutdueacknowledgementinthemaintextofthethesis.

Thisthesishasnotbeensubmittedfortheawardofanyotherdegreeordiplomainmytertiaryinstitution.

Signed

Dated

Acknowledgements

IamdeeplygratefultomysupervisorviceProfessorXuMinforherpatientguidance,generalassistance,helpfuladviceandcontinualencouragement,allofwhichhavebeenofinestimableworktothecompletionofmypaper.Withoutherhelpfulinstruction,detailedcomments,andbeneficialadvice,thispaperwouldhaveneverbeenfinishedsosmoothly.

MythanksalsogotoalltheteacherswhohavetaughtmeandhelpedmealotduringthefouryearsofmystudyinYunnanNormalUniversity.Withouttheirteaching,Icannotlearnsomuch.

Atlast,Iwouldliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetomyfamily,whogavemegreathelpandencouragementduringmyfouryears’studyandthethesiswriting.

Abstract

Livinginthattransitionalperiod,NathanielHawthornehasbeenconsideredasaninfluentialwriterfullofambivalenceinmanyaspects,especiallyPuritanism,whichisbroughttofullplayinhisworks.But,whenwedelveintohisgothicnovels,hisambivalentattitudetowardsPuritanismseemsmoreconspicuous.ThisstudyaimstoanalyzeHawthorne’sambiguousPuritanattitudefromhisfamousgothicwritings,whichwillhelpreaderstohaveadeepinsightintoHawthorne.Additionally,wecanseetheconfusionthatsocialreformbroughttoAmericansfromHawthorne’sambivalentthoughts.

Keywords:

ambivalence;Puritanism;gothicwritings;Hawthorne

摘要

生活在社会的过渡时期，纳撒尼尔·霍桑被认为是一个具有影响力，在很多方面都充满了矛盾思想的作家，尤其是清教主义方面，这一点在他的很多作品中都有充分的体现。

但是，当我们走进他的哥特作品时，他矛盾的清教思想更加明显了。

本文试图从霍桑的哥特小说中分析他矛盾的清教观，这将会帮助读者对霍桑有深层次的理解。

此外，我们还可以从霍桑矛盾的思想中看出社会变革给当时的美国人所带来的困惑。

关键词:

矛盾;清教主义;哥特小说;霍桑

Contents

1.Introduction

1.1TheLifeandMajorWorksofHathorne

1.2SignificanceoftheStudy

2.LiteratureReview

2.1OnHawthorne’sNegativeAttitudetowrdsPuritanism

2.2OnHawthorne’sPositiveAttitudetowrdsPuritanism

3.TheoreticalFramework

3.1TheFeaturesofGothicWriting

3.2TheFeaturesofPuritanism

4.TheContraditoryThoughtstowardsPuritanisminSomeofHawthorne’sGothicNovels

4.1AnAnalysisofHawthorne’sNegativeAttitudetowrdsPuritanism

4.2AnAnalysisofHawthorne’sPositiveAttitudetowrdsPuritanism

4.2.1Hawthorne’sWritingStyle

4.2.2Hawthorne’sCriticismofSins

4.3AnAnalysisofHawhorne’sAmbivalentAttitudetowardsPuritnism

4.3.1Hawhorne’sWaytoUnderstandtheWorld

4.3.2Hawthorne’sViewtowardstheProgressoftheSociety

4.3.3Hawthorne'sAmbihuousArt

5.Conclusion

WorksCited

1.Introduction

NathanielHawthorne,accordingtoBaoXiuwen（2008）,wasoneofthemostexcellentnovelistsofAmericaintheRomanticPeriod.Hawthornehasbeenthefocusofmanyresearchersfromhisagetillnow,because“HawthornehasbeenconsideredtobethefirstgreatAmericawriteroffictiontoworkinthemoralistictradition”（ZuoJinmei200098）.PanYafei（2006）wroteinhispaperthat“Hawthorne’spositioninAmericanliteratureisundisputableandhedeservesmorerespectandattentionnotonlyforhisgeniusartistrybutalsohiscontributiontoAmericanliterature”.

1.1TheLifeandMajorWorksofNathanielHawthorne

HawthornewasbornintoaPuritanfamilyinSalem,Massachusetts,whosefatherwasaseacaptainandlaterdiedatseawhenNathanielHawthornewasonlyfouryearsold,leavinghiswidowmotherandhimtoshiftforthemselves.Eventhat,Hawthornestillreadwidelyandhadtheambitiontobeawriter.From1821to1824,hewenttoBowdoinCollegetofurtherhiseducation,whereLongfellow,thefuturepoet,andFranklinPierce,the14thpresidentofUSbecameacquaintedwithhim.Aftergraduation,Hawthornemovedtohishometownandproducedmanystorieswhichweremostlyrejectedbypublishers.However,theyearof1837sawthepublicationofhisTwice-ToldTales,acollectionofshortstories,whichwonhiscriticalacclaimfromthereadingpublic,butlittlemoney.Meanwhile,heleftSalemtoworkasaneditorandthentookajobasasurveyorattheBostonCustomHouse.Intheyear1846,Hawthorne’sanothercollectionofshortstories,MossesfromanOldManse,waspublished.And“theappearanceofTheScarletLetter（1850）markedthematurityofHawthorneasanovelist”（ZuoJinmei200098）.SoonhepublishedTheHouseoftheSevenGables（1851）,TheLifeofFranklinPierce（1852）andTheMarbleFaun（1860）.

1.2SignificanceoftheStudy

NathanielHawthornewasoneofthemostinfluentialandimportantwritersinAmericanliteraryhistory,whoseworkshaveattractedsomanyreadersandcriticsbothinhisageandnow.Moreover,manycriticshavepointedoutthatHawthorneisagreatwriterfullofambiguousthoughts,especiallytowardsPuritanism.ButfewcriticshaveanalyzedhisconflictingattitudetowardsPuritanisminhisgothicnovelsundertheinfluenceofhisbackground.Therefore,thispaperwillanalyzeHawthorne’spositiveandnegativeattitudetowardsPuritanisminmanydetailedaspects.Justassomecriticssay,HawthorneisneitheraPuritannorarebelagainstPuritanism.Infact,hisattitudeisambivalent.ToanalyzehisambiguousPuritanthoughtwillhelpreaderstogetacomprehensiveanddeeperunderstandingofHawthorneandhisgothicworks,meanwhile,andhelpreaderstomakesomeobjectiveassessmentstobothhimselfandhisworks.However,therealpurposeofthisthesisliesintheinfluenceoftheageonAmericanpeople’sattitudetowardsmanysocialandpoliticalproblems.Hawthorneisamongthosepeople.Histhoughtsandattitude,tosomeextent,canbeseenasothercitizen’sviewaboutthesocietyandscience.Thatistosay,wecanhavesomegeneralunderstandingofthesocietyatthattimethroughHawthorne.Additionally,people’sviewaboutthesocietyandtheprogressoftechnologywillalsobereflected.

2.LiteratureReview

NathanielHawthorneisthefocusofmanyresearchers,because“HawthornehasbeenconsideredtobethefirstgreatAmericanwriteroffictiontoworkinthemoralistictradition”（ZuoJinmei200098）.AccordingtoZuoJinmei,Hawthorne’sobviousstyleishisartofambiguitytowardsmanythings,especiallythebeliefofPuritanism.KathleenVerduin（1980）alsosaysthat“Acomplexofattitudestowardreligionandsexuality,establishedinseventeenth-centuryPuritanliterature,reappearsintheworksofNathanielHawthorneandJohnUpdike,twoauthorswhointheirrespectivecenturiesexpressanaffinityforaProtestantandspecificallyaCalvinisttradition”.

2.1OnHawthorne’sNegativeAttitudetowardsPuritanism

InmostofHawthorne’sworks,heharshlycriticizedthecruelty,hypocrisyanddeceptionofthedoctrinesofPuritanism.Therefore,itseemsthatHawthorneisarebelagainstPuritanism.ThoughHawthornewasborninapuritanfamily,Courtmanche（2006）saysthat“HawthornedidnotsharethemillennialismofhisPuritanancestors”.Pass（1985）alsowritesinhispaperthat“Hawthorne’scanonshowsclearlytheimpracticalityoftranscendentalism’sidealismandthedeadeningharshnessofPuritanism,ashedefendsablendingofthesebeliefs’positivequalities”.“NathanielHawthorne’sunorthodoxreligiousbeliefs,combinedwiththedramaticreligious/philosophicalchangeswhichtookplaceinthenineteenthcentury,allowedhimtopresentthroughhiscanonthefailureofPuritanism'sausterityandinhumanityandtheimpracticalidealismoftranscendentalism”.AnotherwriterBaoXiuwen&WangWeixin（2008）saysintheirbookthatHawthorneseriouslycriticizesthehypocrisyofPuritanism,andhisnovelsareintendedtorevealthesinandevilofPuritanism（Wang45mytranslation）.

2.2OnHawthorne’sPositiveAttitudetowardsPuritanism

However,Hawthorne’srealattitudetowardsthedoctrinesofPuritanismisambiguousfromadeepsense.Courtmanche（2006）commentedthat“NathanielHawthornewasprofoundlyinfluencedbyPuritanthoughtandPuritantypology”.

Perhaps,themostpowerfulevidenceisthathisrealizationofcriticizingPuritanismisreligious.AsZuoJinmei（2000）writesinherbook“Hawthorneshowedagreatinterestintheproblemofsinandevil”（98）.And“Hawthorne’sblackvisionillustratestosomeextenttheinfluencethattheCalvinistdoctrineof“originalsin”and‘totaldepravity’haduponhismind”（99）.AccordingtoBaoXiuwen（2008）’spointofview,thetypicalcharacteristicsofHawthorne’sproductsisthattheyarefocusondescribingtheevilofthesocietyandhumanbeings,andexploringtheproblemofmoralityandsin.Butinhisnovels,headvocatesthatpeopleshoulderadicatetheirsins,andpurifytheirsoulbydoingsomegooddeedstosavethemselves.Besides,Courtmanche（2006）writesthat“TheScarletLetter,TheHouseoftheSevenGables,andTheBlithedale