定语从句在写作中的运用教师版.docx
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定语从句在写作中的运用教师版
定语从句在写作中的运用
1.contradictionn.Sayingsththatconflictswithsthsaidorwrittenbysb;disagreement反驳;矛盾
2.obstaclen.Thingwhichstandsinthewayandpreventsprogress障碍;阻碍
3.approvaln.Showingorsayingthatonethinkssthisgoodoracceptableorsatisfactory赞成;承认
4.revelationn.Makingknownsththatwassecretorhidden;revealing启示;揭示
5.criticn.Personwhoevaluatesanddescribesthequalityofsth,espworksofart,literature,music,etc批评家;评论家
6.sponsorn.Personwhoagreestoberesponsibleforsth;personwhoputsforwardapreposal;sportseent,etc,usuallyinreturnforadvertising担保人;发起人;赞助者
7.merchantn.Personwhobuysandsellsgoodsinlargequantities商人
8.Burglarn.Personwhobreaksintohouses,shops,etcinordertosteal窃贼
9.Sequencen.Orderinwhichthingsoreventsfollowoneanother顺序;序列
10.<
11.Squirreln.Smalltree-climbinganimalwithlongfurrytailthateatsnutsandalsostoresthemforthewinter松鼠
一、写作中常用的几种定语从句
1.关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词who,whom,whose,that,which,as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点,尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。
Actually,wecan'tsucceedineverythingthatwetry.(2014·福建高考满分作文)
Asailorwhohasexperiencednostormwillneverbecomeanexcellentsailor.(2013·福建高考满分作文)
}
没经历过暴风雨的水手永远不会成为一名优秀的水手。
Iamdeeplyimpressedbythegreatchangesthathavetakenplaceintheschooloverthepastthreeyears(2011·福建高考满分作文)
.
EveryoneofyouisexpectedtobepartoftheeventwhichencouragescreativemindsandgivesfullplaytoyourDIYskills.(2014·辽宁高考满分作文)
Iwasonmywaytothebookstoreandwaswaitingforthegreenlightatacrossingwhenagirlofabouttenwasknockeddownbyapassingcar,whichdroveoffquickly.(2014·湖北高考满分作文)
~
Peoplecanenjoythemoonwhileeatingmooncakes,whicharethespecialfoodforthisfestival.(2013·辽宁高考满分作文)
人们可以一边吃月饼一边赏月,月饼是这个节日的特殊食品。
2.关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句是指when,where,why引导的定语从句。
Thereasonwhypeoplecelebratethefestivalisthattheybelieveitisthetimewhenthemoonisatitsfullestandbrightestinthewholeyear,andpeoplewillgathertogethereatingmooncakesandappreciatingthefullmoon.(2013·辽宁高考满分作文)
人们庆祝这个节日的原因是,他们相信这时候是一年中月亮最满、最亮的时候,人们聚在一起吃月饼、赏满月。
3.“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句
Yearsofschoollifehavetaughtmealotofthings,ofwhichwhatstrikesmemostisthatweshouldtakecarenottohurtotherswithourwords,deliberatelyorbyaccident.(2013·湖北高考满分作文)
多年的校园生活教会了我很多东西,其中使我印象最深的是我们应该尽量不要用言语伤害别人,无论是故意还是无意。
[即时演练] 用适当的关系词填空
|
1.Thosewhodosimpleandordinaryjobsarealsopromotingthedevelopmentofthesociety.(2013·广东高考满分作文)
2.Asweallknow,cleaningstreetsisoneofthehardestwork.(2013·广东高考满分作文)
3.EveryoneofyouisexpectedtobepartoftheeventwhichencouragescreativemindsandgivesfullplaytoyourDIYskills.(2014·辽宁高考满分作文)
4.Thetruthisereryonewillhaveoneofthoseperiodswhenthingsseemtobegoingwrong,soyoudon’thavetoworrysomuch.(2014·安徽高考满分作文)
5.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,afterwhichshewenttohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.
二、定语从句的写法
定语从句是比较难掌握而又是学生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句,因此在写作时可采用“三步法”:
[示例]
第一步:
写出两个简单句。
[
①TheforeignerisfromCanada.
②Hevisitedourclassyesterday.
第二步:
在句①中找出一个要修饰的词汇:
theforeigner。
第三步:
用句②充当定语从句,theforeigner为先行词指人,句②中的代词he指代theforeigner且在句子中作主语,故用who或that作引导词。
Theforeignerwho/thatvisitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.
[即时演练] 把下列每组题中的两个简单句合并为一个含有定语从句的复合句
1.I'vealwayslongedforthedays.Iwillbeabletobeindependentthen.
I've_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_will_be_able_to_be_independent.
2.Ihaveafriend.Herfatherisanengineer.
I_have_a_friend_whose_father_is_an_engineer.
(
3.Theyplantedthetrees.Thetreesdidn'tneedmuchwater.
They_planted_the_trees_that/which_didn't_need_much_water.
4.Thisisthebestmethod.Itcanbeusedagainstpollution.
This_is_the_best_method_that_can_be_used_against_pollution.
5.Theysenttheelderlysomefruits,cleanedtheroomsandhadagoodchatwiththem.Theelderlyalwaysfeellonely.
They_sent_some_fruits_to_the_elderly_who_always_feel_lonely,_cleaned_the_rooms_and_had_a_good_chat_with_them.
三、定语从句写作的几点注意事项
1.误用关系词
误:
IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.
正:
IliveinBeijing,whichisthecapitalofChina.
误:
Ihaveafriend,who'snameisLiuMei.
正:
Ihaveafriend,whosenameisLiuMei.
2.句子残缺
误:
ThereweremanystudentstookpartintheEnglishcompetition.
正:
ThereweremanystudentswhotookpartintheEnglishcompetition.
误:
Thosewhoinfavoroftheproposal,pleaseraiseyourhands.
正:
Thosewhoareinfavoroftheproposal,pleaseraiseyourhands.
3.有多余词
误:
ThefilmIsawitlastnightwasreallyverygood.
>
正:
ThefilmIsawlastnightwasreallyverygood.
误:
Lastweek,IreturnedtothevillagewhereIgrewupthereinmychildhood.
正:
Lastweek,IreturnedtothevillagewhereIgrewupinmychildhood.
4.定语从句与并列句的混淆
误:
Infact,smokingisabadhabit,itdoesgreatharmtopeople'shealth.
正:
Infact,smokingisabadhabit,which/anditdoesgreatharmtopeople'shealth.
误:
Hisparentstoldhimmanytimesnottoplaybesidetheriver,itdidn'thelp.
正:
Hisparentstoldhimmanytimesnottoplaybesidetheriver,which/butitdidn'thelp.
[即时演练] 单句改错
1.Thosehaveworkexperiencecanfindajob
>
答案:
Those后加who
2.Somesongsremindusofthepeoplewhichwe
答案:
which→who(m)
3.Thisisthefactorywevisiteditlast
答案:
去掉it
4.Shehasbeenateacherfor30yearsintheplacewhereusedtobeapoor
答案:
where→which/that
5.Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,itisnamedafterhis
答案:
it→which或在it前加and
》
[综合演练提升]
I.用定语从句翻译短语
1.一个叫做Tom的男孩
_____________________
2.教我们英语的老师
_____________________
3.昨天我妈妈给我的钱
_________________________
4.矗立在河边的楼房
______________________________
5.!
6.一位皮包被偷了的女士
_________________________________
7.我们在农场工作的开心日子
__________________________________
8.她工作的地方
______________________
9.她没有交作业的原因
____________________________
总结:
定语从句可以修饰主句的不同成分—主语,宾语,表语
非限制性定语从句,有时可以修饰整个主句。
1.]
2.Thegirlwhostudieshardisverybeautiful.
3.Iknowthegirlwhostudieshard.
4.Thisisthegirlwhostudieshard.
II.翻译句子
1.不努力学习的学生不会通过考试的。
Thestudentswhodon’tstudyhardwillnotpasstheexam.
2.她上周买的裙子非常好看。
Thedress,whichsheboughtlastweek,isverynice.
3.这就是他爸爸工作的地方。
Thisistheplacewherehisfatherworks.
4.\
5.你们已经取得了很大的进步,这使老师非常高兴。
Youhavemadegreatprogress,whichmakesyourteacherveryhappy.
6.众所周知,他是一个好学生。
Asisknowntousall,heisagoodstudent.
7.北京是中国的首都,它是一座美丽的城市。
Beijing,whichisthecapitalcityofChina,isaverybeautiful.
8.鲁迅的原名(realname)是周树人。
在他的一生中他写了很多小说和散文(prose)
Luxun,whoserealnameisZhouShuren,wrotemanynovelsandprosesinhiswholelife.
III.欣赏句子
·
1.我总是会参观一些博物馆,这些博物馆对于拓宽视野、丰富知识来说是不应错过的。
Iwouldvisitsomemuseumswhich_should_not_be_missedtowidenmyhorizonsaswellasenrichmyknowledge.(2013·山东高考满分作文)
2.当今,父母为他们的独生子女做所有的事情,这使得这些独生子女非常依赖于父母。
Nowadaysparentshavedoneeverythingfortheirsinglechildren,which_makes_the_children_rely_on_their_parentsbadly.(2013·福建高考满分作文)
3.你知道,中国结非常受中国人的喜欢。
As_you_know,_ChineseknotsareverypopularwithChinesepeople.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
4.你知道,我的叔叔李明要去你居住的城市参加一个国际会议。
Youknow,myuncleLiMingisgoingtothecitywhereyoulivetoattendaninternationalmeeting.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
5.我经常想起被陌生人的言语伤害和侮辱的时候,甚至有时是来自熟悉的人。
IoftenthinkaboutthetimeswhenIhavefelthurtandinsultedbyruderemarksfromstrangersandsometimesevenfromacquaintances.(2013·湖北高考满分作文)
IV.改写句子
例子:
Jackisfromhasstudiedinourschoolforthreeyears.HeoftenhelpsuslearnEnglish.HespeaksChineseverywell.
改写1:
Jackisastudentofourschool,whocomesfromhasstudiedinourschoolforthreeyears.HeoftenhelpsuslearnEnglish,andhespeaksChineseverywell.
改写2:
JackcomesfromCanada.Heisastudentofourschoolwherehehasstudiedfor3years.NotonlydoesheoftenhelpuslearnEnglishbuthespeaksChinesefluentlyaswell.
实战演练:
Ourclassisabigfamily;Itconsistsof12girlsand50boys.Mostofthemaremainlyfromthecountryside.ZhaoQiangisakind-heartedboy.Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Heissuchagoodboythatwealllikehim.
答案:
Ourclassisabigfamilywhichconsistsof12girlsand50boys,mostofwhomaremainlyfromthecountryside.ZhaoQiangisakind-heartedboy,whoisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Heisagoodboywhomwealllike.
V.请按以下内容要点写一篇有关你的同学Kate的英语短文,尽可能多地使用定语从句。
1.我有一个同学叫Kate,她的妈妈是我以前的英语老师。
2.Kate是一个容易相处的人,我们都喜欢她。
3.Kate在此次口语竞赛中获得第一名,这使得她妈妈很高兴。
4.新年就要到了,到时Kate会和她妈妈一起去香港。
5.众所周知,香港是一个购物天堂,Kate打算在那里买她需要的东西。
参考范文:
IhaveaclassmatecalledKate,whosemotherismyformerEnglishteacher.Kateisagirlwhoiseasytogetalongwithandwealllikeher.KatetookthefirstplaceintheSpeechContest,whichmakeshermotherhappy.TheNewYeariscoming,whenKatewillgotoHongKongtogetherwithhermother.Asweallknow,HongKongisashoppingparadise,whereKateintendstobuywhatsheneeds.