最新语言学教程测试题及答案.docx

最新语言学教程测试题及答案.docx

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最新语言学教程测试题及答案

语言学教程测试题及答案

Chapter1  IntroductionstoLinguisticsI.      Choosethebestanswer.（20%）1.  Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman        __________A.contact    B.communication    C.relation      D.community2.  Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?

      A.tree    B.typewriter      C.crash        D.bang3.  Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.”is  __________.    A.interrogative（疑问）    B.directive    C.informative    D.performative4.    InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎（岁岁）平安”asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?

    A.Interpersonal  B.Emotive    C.Performative√    D.Recreational5.  Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?

  A.Transferability  B.Duality    C.Displacement      D.Arbitrariness6.  Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?

      —Aniceday,isn’tit?

      —Right!

Ireallyenjoythesunlight.    A.Emotive      B.Phatic    C.Performative    D.Interpersonal7.  __________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser’s  knowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances.      A.Performance  B.Competence    C.Langue      D.Parole8.      Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________.  A.culturaltransmission  B.productivity  C.displacement    D.duality9.  __________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.  A.Psycholinguistics  B.AnthropologicallinguisticsC.Sociolinguistics    D.Appliedlinguistics10.  __________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.  A.Linguistictheory            B.Practicallinguistics  C.Appliedlinguistics            D.ComparativelinguisticsII.      Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）11.      Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.F12.      Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.TF?

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13.      Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.FT?

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14.      Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.F15.      Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.F16.      Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.F17.      F.deSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.FSwiss18.      AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare’stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage.F19.      Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.F20.      Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.FIII.      Fillintheblanks.（10%）21.  Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__verbal_communication.22.      Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed__creativity________.23.      Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself.Thisfunctionis___metalingualfunction_______.24.      Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe__yo-he-ho________theory.25.      Linguisticsisthe_scientific_________studyoflanguage.26.      Modernlinguisticsis_descriptive_________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.27.      Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof___speech_______overwriting.28.      Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa_diachronic_linguistic________study.29.      Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts._langue_________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.30.      LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__competence________.IV.      Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.（20%）

31.      Designfeature

 Designfeature:

Itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethattellthedifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanysystemofanimalcommunication.32.      Displacement

  Displacement:

Itmeansthathumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconcepts,whicharenotpresent（intimeandspace）atthemomentofcommunication.33.      Competence

 Competence:

Itisanessentialpartofperformance.Itisthespeaker’sknowledgeofhisorherlanguage;thatis,ofitssoundstructure,itswords,anditsgrammaticalrules.Competenceis,inaway,anencyclopediaoflanguage.Moreover,theknowledgeinvolvedincompetenceisgenerallyunconscious.Atransformational-generativegrammarisamodelofcompetence.34.      Synchroniclinguistics

Synchroniclinguistics:

Itreferstothestudyofalanguageatagivenpointintime.Thetimestudiedmaybeeitherthepresentoraparticularpointinthepast;synchronicanalysescanalsobemadeofdeadlanguages,suchasLatin.Synchroniclinguisticsiscontrastedwithdiachroniclinguistics,thestudyofalanguageoveraperiodoftime.V.      Answerthefollowingquestions.（20%）35.      Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?

Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdesignfeature?

（南开大学，2004）

Dualitymakesourlanguageproductive.Alargenumberofdifferentunitscanbeformedoutofasmallnumberofelements–forinstance,tensofthousandsofwordsoutofasmallsetofsounds,around48inthecaseoftheEnglishlanguage.Andoutofthehugenumberofwords,therecanbeastronomicalnumberofpossiblesentencesandphrases,whichinturncancombinetoformunlimitednumberoftexts.Mostanimalcommunicationsystemsdonothavethisdesignfeatureofhumanlanguage.Iflanguagehasnosuchdesignfeature,thenitwillbelikeanimalcommunicationalsystemwhichwillbehighlylimited.Itcannotproduceaverylargenumberofsoundcombinations,e.g.words,whicharedistinctinmeaning.36.      Whyisitdifficulttodefinelanguage?

（北京第二外国语大学，2004）

  Itisdifficulttodefinelanguage,asitissuchageneraltermthatcoverstoomanythings.Thus,definitionsforitallhavetheirownspecialemphasis,andarenottotallyfreefromlimitations.VI.      Analyzethefollowingsituation.（20%）37.      Howcanalinguistmakehisanalysisscientific?

（青岛海洋大学，1999）   Itshouldbeguidedbythefourprinciplesofscience:

exhaustiveness,consistency,economyandobjectivityandfollowthescientificprocedure:

formhypothesis–collectdata–checkagainsttheobservablefacts–cometoaconclusion.I.1~5BACCC                          6~10BACACII.11~15FFTFF                          16~20FFFFFIII.21.verbal                                22.productivity/creativity23.metalingualfunction                24.yo-he-ho25.scientific                          26.descriptive27.speech                          28.diachroniclinguistic29.langue                          30.competence             Chapter2  SpeechSounds

I.      Choosethebestanswer.（20%）1.      Pitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.      A.intonation  B.tone    C.pronunciation          D.voice2.      Conventionallya__________isputinslashes（//）.      A.allophone      B.phone []     C.phoneme //     D.morpheme3.      Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthepphoneme.      A.analogues    B.tagmemes    C.morphemes    D.allophones4.      Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas    __________.      A.glottis 声门     B.vocalcavity      C.pharynx          D.uvula5.      Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownas__________diphthongs.?

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      A.wide    B.closing  C.narrow        D.centering6.      Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled__________.      A.minimalpairs      B.allomorphs  C.phones    D.allophones7.      Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?

      A.Acousticphonetics        B.Articulatoryphonetics      C.Auditoryphonetics        D.Noneoftheabove8.      Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?

      A.[n]      B.[m]        C.[b]          D.[p]9.      Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?

      A.[i:

]        B.[u]          C.[e]        D.[i]10.      Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?

      A.Voiceless      B.Voiced    C.Glottalstop      D.ConsonantII.      Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）11.      Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment-phoneme,suchassy