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热学知识点补充专题练习题及其答案

0nmol,0.1001.一直径2r=100mm的直立的圆筒形容器,内装(即室温)、的TC,20.00

气体,筒的上盖是可自由上下移动、质量m=800g的玻璃板,圆筒(包括上盖和筒底)

7的热导率和热容量很小,一束功率固定的激光器发射的光无吸收地穿,,,5.1410m过空气和玻璃板照入筒内,被筒内气体完全吸收并转化为热运动,照射Δt=10s后关掉激光器,测得玻璃板位移Δh,30.0mm。

求:

(l)辐射后空气的温度和压强;

(2)气体吸收的辐射能、气体吸收的辐射功率及单位时间内吸收的光子数;(3)光能转化为机械势

0能的效率;(4)让圆筒缓慢地旋转90后成水平方向,气体的温度和压强,

已知大气压强P=101.3kPa,气体定容摩尔热容CJmolK,,20.8/0,

2.一质量为m的平薄长方形匀质玻璃板,用两根等长细线悬挂起来,如图3所示,玻璃板每一侧面的半个表面对称地涂了一层化学性质活泼的金属薄膜,其质量可忽略不计,整个装置竖直地悬挂在空的容器中,并向容器通入压强为p的氯气,设某一氯气分子遇金属分子发生化合反应的概率q<1,且在讨论的时间范围内q为恒量,生成的氯化物留在玻璃板上,整个装置中的线量均已在涂中标出,平衡时玻璃板将绕它的中央竖直轴转过一个小角度α,试求这α值.

金属薄膜2a

baa

bc

bb金属薄膜

图3

ofdoorandwindowboxes,thejambssetasideinadvancetocheckgeometrymeetsthedesignrequirements.Installationofdoorandwindowframeswouldpreferablybeconducteduponcompletionoftheconstructionofthemainstructure,doorandwindowdoorinstallationshouldbeattheendoftheindoorandoutdoordecoration,soastoavoidcivilinstallationdamagetoeachother.Popup+500mmelevationsinadvance,asdoorandwindowlevelcontrolline.Exteriordoorandwindowinstallationwillpopuponthewallsauniformelevationcontrollineandverticallinefrombottomtotop,elevationandverticaldeviationiscontrolledwithdoorsandWindows.Checktheembeddedspecificationofthenumber,locationandplantingmethod,aluminumwindowhasnodamage,deformation,repair,correctionorreplacementshouldbecarriedoutpromptly.Checkforcorrosionmaterials,sealingmaterialsandcleaningmaterialswiththedesignrequirementsandspecifications.2,installationprocedure1)doorandwindowframeinstallationaccordingtothelocationofthedoorsandWindowsinstalledwire,whendoorsandWindowsopeningtotheedgeofthedoorandwindowframessizeisgreaterthan15mm,firstwithcementmortarplasteringthewallsizeonallsidesfromthedoorandwindowframesedge15mmpositionandthesurfaceisrough.Ifthethicknessisgreaterthan30mm,shouldbeoffinestoneconcreteformworkforconcretepouring.Afterthebasestrength.Doorframemountingholeplacetowedge

ofdoorandwindowboxes,thejambssetasideinadvancetocheckgeometrymeetsthedesignrequirements.Installationofdoorandwindowframeswouldpreferablybeconducteduponcompletionoftheconstructionofthemainstructure,doorandwindowdoorinstallationshouldbeattheendoftheindoorandoutdoordecoration,soastoavoidcivilinstallationdamagetoeachother.Popup+500mmelevationsinadvance,asdoorandwindowlevelcontrolline.Exteriordoorandwindowinstallationwillpopuponthewallsauniformelevationcontrollineandverticallinefrombottomtotop,elevationandverticaldeviationiscontrolledwithdoorsandWindows.Checktheembeddedspecificationofthenumber,locationandplantingmethod,aluminumwindowhasnodamage,deformation,repair,correctionorreplacementshouldbecarriedoutpromptly.Checkforcorrosionmaterials,sealingmaterialsandcleaningmaterialswiththedesignrequirementsandspecifications.2,installationprocedure1)doorandwindowframeinstallationaccordingtothelocationofthedoorsandWindowsinstalledwire,whendoorsandWindowsopeningtotheedgeofthedoorandwindowframessizeisgreaterthan15mm,firstwithcementmortarplasteringthewallsizeonallsidesfromthedoorandwindowframesedge15mmpositionandthesurfaceisrough.Ifthethicknessisgreaterthan30mm,shouldbeoffinestoneconcreteformworkforconcretepouring.Afterthebasestrength.Doorframemountingholeplacetowedge

ofdoorandwindowboxes,thejambssetasideinadvancetocheckgeometrymeetsthedesignrequirements.Installationofdoorandwindowframeswouldpreferablybeconducteduponcompletionoftheconstructionofthemainstructure,doorandwindowdoorinstallationshouldbeattheendoftheindoorandoutdoordecoration,soastoavoidcivilinstallationdamagetoeachother.Popup+500mmelevationsinadvance,asdoorandwindowlevelcontrolline.Exteriordoorandwindowinstallationwillpopuponthewallsauniformelevationcontrollineandverticallinefrombottomtotop,elevationandverticaldeviationiscontrolledwithdoorsandWindows.Checktheembeddedspecificationofthenumber,locationandplantingmethod,aluminumwindowhasnodamage,deformation,repair,correctionorreplacementshouldbecarriedoutpromptly.Checkforcorrosionmaterials,sealingmaterialsandcleaningmaterialswiththedesignrequirementsandspecifications.2,installationprocedure1)doorandwindowframeinstallationaccordingtothelocationofthedoorsandWindowsinstalledwire,whendoorsandWindowsopeningtotheedgeofthedoorandwindowframessizeisgreaterthan15mm,firstwithcementmortarplasteringthewallsizeonallsidesfromthedoorandwindowframesedge15mmpositionandthesurfaceisrough.Ifthethicknessisgreaterthan30mm,shouldbeoffinestoneconcreteformworkforconcretepouring.Afterthebasestrength.Doorframemountingholeplacetowedge

ofdoorandwindowboxes,thejambssetasideinadvancetocheckgeometrymeetsthedesignrequirements.Installationofdoorandwindowframeswouldpreferablybeconducteduponcompletionoftheconstructionofthemainstructure,doorandwindowdoorinstallationshouldbeattheendoftheindoorandoutdoordecoration,soastoavoidcivilinstallationdamagetoeachother.Popup+500mmelevationsinadvance,asdoorandwindowlevelcontrolline.Exteriordoorandwindowinstallationwillpopuponthewallsauniformelevationcontrollineandverticallinefrombottomtotop,elevationandverticaldeviationiscontrolledwithdoorsandWindows.Checktheembeddedspecificationofthenumber,locationandplantingmethod,aluminumwindowhasnodamage,deformation,repair,correctionorreplacementshouldbecarriedoutpromptly.Checkforcorrosionmaterials,sealingmaterialsandcleaningmaterialswiththedesignrequirementsandspecifications.2,installationprocedure1)doorandwindowframeinstallationaccordingtothelocationofthedoorsandWindowsinstalledwire,whendoorsandWindowsopeningtotheedgeofthedoorandwindowframessizeisgreaterthan15mm,firstwithcementmortarplasteringthewallsizeonallsidesfromthedoorandwindowframesedge15mmpositionandthesurfaceisrough.Ifthethicknessisgreaterthan30mm,shouldbeoffinestoneconcreteformworkforconcretepouring.Afterthebasestrength.Doorframemountingholeplacetowedge

mg51、解:

(l)辐射后气体的压强:

PPPa,,,,1.02321002,r这是等压过程,开始气体占有容器高度h;1

nRTV01,,h122,,,rrPmg0

辐照后hhh,,,21

2(),rPmgh,,hhh,,,001TTTTTKC,,,,,,,3224920000hhnR11

(2)气体吸收的辐射能Q:

2,WmghPrhJ,24.1,,,,,0

hh,,2EnCTTnCTCmgPr()(),,,,,,,,,,2000hR1

C2,,QEWmgPrhJ()

(1)84,,,,,,,,,0R因为激光器功率恒定,因此吸收光的功率为

QNW,,8.4,t

hcN19,,2.210/s光子能量为,单位时间气体吸收的光子数hc,,(3)光能转化为机械势能的效率:

mgh,,0.3%,,Q

(4)圆筒转向水平方向是绝热过程(压强由P变为P,温度由T变为T,因为023

CRp,,,,11.399aCC,,

a,1P00a,,,()32148TTKC32P

ofdoorandwindowboxes,thejambssetasideinadvancetocheckgeometrymeetsthedesignrequirements.Installationofdoorandwindowframeswouldpreferablybeconducteduponcompletionoftheconstructionofthemainstructure,doorandwindowdoorinstallationshouldbeattheendoftheindoorandoutdoordecoration,soastoavoidcivilinstallationdamagetoeachother.Popup+500mmelevationsinadvance,asdoorandwindowlevelcontrolline.Exteriordoorandwindowinstallationwillpopuponthewallsauniformelevationcontrollineandverticallinefrombottomtotop,elevationandverticaldeviationiscontrolledwithdoorsandWindows.Checktheembeddedspecificationofthenumber,locationandplantingmethod,aluminumwindowhasnodamage,deformation,repair,correctionorreplacementshouldbecarriedoutpromptly.Checkforcorrosionmaterials,sealingmaterialsandcleaningmaterialswiththedesignrequirementsandspecifications.2,installationprocedure1)doorandwindowframeinstallationaccordingtothelocationofthedoorsandWindowsinstalledwire,whendoorsandWindowsopeningtotheedgeofthedoorandwindowframessizeisgreaterthan15mm,firstwithcementmortarplasteringthewallsizeonallsidesfromthedoorandwindowframesedge15mmpositionandthesurfaceisrough.Ifthethicknessisgreaterthan30mm,shouldbeoffinestoneconcreteformworkforconcretepouring.Afterthebasestrength.Doorframemountingholeplacetowedge

2、

ofdoorandwindowboxes,thejambssetasideinadvancetocheckgeometrymeetsthedesignrequirements.Installationofdoorandwindowframeswouldpreferablybeconducteduponcompletionoftheconstructionofthemainstructure,doorandwindowdoorinstallationshouldbeattheendoftheindoorandoutdoordecoration,soastoavoidcivilinstallationdamagetoeachother.Popup+500mmelevationsinadvance,asdoorandwindowlevelcontrolline.Exteriordoorandwindowinstallationwillpopuponthewallsauniformelevationcontrollineandverticallinefrombottomtotop,elevationandverticaldeviationiscontrolledwithdoorsandWindows.Checktheembeddedspecificationofthenumber,locationandplantingmethod,aluminumwindowhasnodamage,deformation,repair,correctionorreplacementshouldbecarriedoutpromptly.Checkforcorrosionmaterials,sealingmaterialsandcleaningmaterialswiththedesignrequirementsandspecifications.2,installationprocedure1)doorandwindowframeinstallationaccordingtothelocationofthedoorsandWindowsinstalledwire,whendoorsandWindowsopeningtotheedgeofthedoorandwindowframessizeisgreaterthan15mm,firstwithcementmortarplasteringthewallsizeonallsidesfromt

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