配套K12外研版必修3Module5学案.docx
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配套K12外研版必修3Module5学案
外研版必修3Module5学案
必修3odule5GreatPeopleandInventionsofAncentchina
Boo3odule5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofchina
二、Reading
三语法定语从句
一.定语从句及相关术语
定语从句：
修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
关系词：
引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that,hich,ho,ho,hose,as等；关系副词有here,hen,hy等。
关系词常有3个作用：
1，引导定语从句。
2，代替先行词。
3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二.关系代词引导的定语从句
ho指人，在从句中做主语
Theboyshoareplayingfootballarefroclassone.
yesterdayIhelpedanoldanholosthisay.
ho指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
r.Liuisthepersonyoutaledaboutonthebus.
r.LingisjusttheboyhoIanttosee.
注意：
关系代词ho在口语和非正式语体中常用ho代替，可省略。
Theanho/hoyouetjustnoisyfriend.
hich指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
Footballisagaehichisliedbyostboys.
Thisisthepenheboughtyesterday.
that指人时，相当于ho或者ho；指物时，相当于hich。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
Thenuberofthepeoplethat/hoetovisitthecityeachyearrisesoneillion.
hereistheanthat/hoIsathisorning?
hose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
Hehasafriendhosefatherisadoctor.
Ioncelivedinahousehoseroofhasfallenin.
hose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
Theclassroohosedoorisbroenillsoonberepaired.
Theclassroothedoorofhichisbroenillsoonberepaired.
Doyoulietheboohosecoverisyello?
Doyoulietheboothecolorofhichisyello?
三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导
Theschoolheoncestudiedinisveryfaous.
Theschoolinhichheoncestudiedisveryfaous.
ToorroIillbringhereaagazineyouasedfor.
ToorroIillbringhereaagazineforhichyouased.
e’llgotohearthefaoussingerehaveoftentaledabout.
e’llgotohearthefaoussingerabouthoehaveoftentaled.
注意：
1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：
loofor,looafter,taecareof等
Thisistheatchhich/thatIalooingfor.
ThisistheatchforhichIalooing.
若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用ho，不可用ho或者that；指物时用hich，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用hose
Theanithhoyoutaledisyfriend.
Theanho/thatyoutaledithisyfriend.
Theplaneinhichefletocanadaisveryfortable.
Theplaneinthatefleintocanadaisveryfortable.
“介词+关系代词”前可有soe,any,none,both,all,neither,ost,each,fe等代词或者数词
Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofhoareveryindtohi.
Inthebasettherearequiteanyapples,soeofhichhavegonebad.
Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,ostofhoarefrobigcities.
四．关系副词引导的定语从句
hen指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
IstillreeberthedayhenIfirstcaetotheschool.
Thetiehenegottogetherfinallycae.
here指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
ShanghaiisthecityhereIasborn.
ThehousehereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddon.
hy指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
Pleasetellethereasonhyyouissedtheplane.
Idon’tnothereasonhyheloosunhappytoday.
注意：
关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
Thereasonhy/forhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,
Frotheyearhen/inhichheasgoingtoschoolhebegantonohatheantedhenhegreup.
Greatchangeshavetaenplaceinthecityinhich./hereIasborn.
五．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句
形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开
意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整
译法上翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…”通常翻译成主句的并列句
关系词的使用上A．做宾语时可省略B。
可用that
c．可用ho代替hoA．不可省B。
不用that
c。
不用ho代替ho
限制性定语从句举例：
TheteachertoldethatToastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.
chinaisacountryhichhasalonghistory.
非限制性定语从句举例：
Hisother,holoveshiveryuch,isstrictithhi.
china,hichasfoundedin1949,isbeingoreandorepoerful.
要注意区分以下几个句子的不同
Hisbrotherhoisnoadoctoralaysencourageshitogotocollege.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。
Hisbrother,hoisnoadoctor,alaysencourageshitogotocollege.
他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。
难点分析
限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
．当先行词是anything,everything,nothing,fe,all,none,little,soe等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,soe,no,little,fe,uch等修饰时
Haveyoutaendoneverythingthatr.Lihassaid?
Thereseestobenothingthatseesipossibleforhiintheorld.
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.
注意：
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用ho
Anyanthat/.hohasasenseofdutyon’tdosuchathing.
当先行词被序数词修饰
ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonastheBigBen.
当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestfilthatIhaveseen.
当形容词被thevery,theonly修饰时
ThisistheverydictionarythatIanttobuy,
Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheoned.
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用ho
angHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolhoillattendtheeeting/
当先行词前面有ho,hich等疑问代词时
hoistheanthatisstandingthere?
hichistheT-shirtthatfitseost?
当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
canyoureeberthescientistandhistheorythatehavelearned?
关系代词as和hich引导的定语从句
as和hich引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。
具体情况是：
．As和hich都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
Hearriedher,as/hichasnatural.
Heashonest,as/hichecansee.新课标网
as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；hich引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思
Asisnontoall,chinaisadevelopingcountry.
Heisfrothesouth,asecanseefrohisaccent.
john,asyouno,isafaousriter.
HehasbeentoParisorethanseveralties,hichIdon’tbelieve.
注意：
当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用hich
Toasalayslateforschool,hichadehisteacherangry.
当先行次受such,thesae修饰时，常用as
Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.
Heisnotsuchafoolasheloos.
ThisisthesaebooasIlostlastee.
注意：
当先行次由thesae修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同
Sheorethesaedressthatsheoreatary’sedding.她穿着她在ARy婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
Sheorethesaedressasheryoungsisterore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
以theay为先行词的定语从句通常由inhich,that引导，而且通常可以省略。
Theayinhich/that/./heanseredthequestionassurprising.
but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
Thereareveryfebutunderstandhisidea.
区分定语从句和同位语从句
．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系xb1.
TheplanethathasjusttaenoffisforLondon.定语从句
Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位于从句
．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由hen,here,ho,hy,hether,hat等词引导，充当成分
Theneshetoldeistrue.
Thenesthathehasjustdiedistrue.
Theproblethatearefacingnoishoecancollectsouchoney.定语
Theproblehoecancollectsouchoneyisdifficulttosolve.
同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以
Theideathatecouldastheteacherforadviceisonderful.同位语
Theideaasthatecouldastheteacherforadvice.
Thefactthattheearthovesaroundtheearthisnontoall.
Thefactisthattheearthovesaroundtheearth.
语法练习；新课标网
高考定语从句考试题及答案
Idon’tlie___youspeatoher.
A.theayB.theayinthatc.theayhichD.theayofhich
Allofthefloersnoraisedherehavedevelopedfrothose___intheforest.
A.oncetheygreB.theygreoncec.theyoncegreD.thatoncegre
carolsaidtheorouldbedonebyoctober,_____personallyIdoubtveryuch.
A.itB.thatc.henD.hich
_______isentionedabove,thenuberofthestudentsinseniorschoolsisincreasing.
A.hichB.Asc.ThatD.It
Heasveryrudetothecustosofficer,______ofcourseadethingsevenorse.
A.hoB.hoc.hatD.hich
Dorothyasalaysspeainghighlyofherroleintheplay,__,ofcourse,adetheothersunhappy.
A.hoB.hichc.thisD.hat
RecentlyIboughtanancientchinesevase,_______asveryreasonable.
A.hichpriceB.thepriceofhichc.itspriceD.thepriceofhose
Theresultoftheexperientasverygood,______ehadn’texpected.
A.henB.thatc.hichD.hat
Haveyouseenthefil“Titanic”,______leadingactorisorld-faous?
A.itsB.it’sc.hoseD.hich
0.johnsaidhe’dbeenoringintheofficeforanhour,______astrue.
A.heB.thisc.hichD.ho
1.Thefilbroughtthehourstoe______Iastaengoodcareofinthatfaraayvillage.
A.untilB.thatc.henD.here
_______isnontoeverybody,theoontravelsroundtheearthonceeveryonth.
A.ItB.Asc.ThatD.hat
3.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentsho______ainnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.
A.isB.arec.havebeenD.hasbeen
He’sgothiselfintoadangeroussituation_________heislielytolosecontrolovertheplane.
A.hereB.hichc.hileD.h
Isthisthereason______attheeetingforhiscarelessnessinhisor?
A.heexplainedB.hatheexplainedc.hoheexplainedD.hyheexplained
Thefaousbasetballstar,______triedtoaeaebac,attractedalotofattention.
A.hereB.henc.hichD.ho
eetingyuncleafteralltheseyearsasanunforgettableoent,_____Iillalaystreasure.
A.thatB.onec.itD.hat
eillbeshonaroundthecity:
schools,useusandsoeotherplaces,______othervisitorsseldogo.
A.hatB.hichc.hereD.hen
earelivinginanage______anythingsaredoneonputer.
A.hichB.thatc.hoseD.hen
0._______hasbeenannounced,eshallhaveourfinalexasnextonth.
A.ThatB.Asc.ItD.hat
1..Georgeorell,______asEricArthur,roteanypoliticalnovelsandessays.
A.therealnaeB.hathisrealnaec.hisrealnaeD.hoserealnae
2.______isreportedinthenespaper,talsbeteenthetocountriesareaingprogress.
A.ItB.Asc.ThatD.hat
3.Helenasuchindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,______,ofcourse,adetheothersenvyhi.
A.hoB.thatc.hatD.hich
Itiseasytodotherepair.______youneedisahaerandsoenails.
A.SoethingB.Allc.BothD.Everything
________isoftenthecase,ehaveoredouttheproductionplan.
A.hichB.henc.hatD.As
Anyay,thatevening,____I’lltellyouoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.
A.henB.herec.hatD.hich
Thejourneyaroundtheorldtootheoldsailornineonths,_____thesailingtieas226days.xb1.
A.ofhichB.duringhichc.frohichD.forhich
Iorinabusiness_________alosteveryoneisaitingforagreatchance.
A.hoB.hichc.hereD.that
Thereas________tie__________Ihatedtogotoschool.
A．a;thatB．a;henc．the;thatD．the;hen
0.Therearetobuildings,__________standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.
A．thelargerB．thelargerofthec．thelargeronethatD．thelargerofhich
hatsurprisedeasnothathesaidbut_________hesaidit.
A．theayB．intheaythatc．intheayD．theayhich
Thefactoryproduceshalfaillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%__________aresoldabroad.
A．ofhichB．hichofc．oftheD．ofthat
3.Aericanoenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassoeone_____theycantalfrequently.
A.hoB.asc.abouthichD.ithho
TheEnglishplay______ystudentsactedattheNeyear’spartyasagreatsuccess.
A.forhichB.athichc.inhichD.onhich
Thereeredirtyarsonhertrousers______shehadipedherhands.
A.hereB.hichc.henD.that
Thejourneyaroundtheorldtootheoldsailornineonths,______thesailingtieas226days.
A.ofhichB.duringhichc.frohichD.forhich
Therearealtogetherelevenboosontheshelf,______fiveareine.
A.onhichB.inhichc.ofhichD.frohich
Lucily,e’dbroughtaroadapithout_______eouldhavelostouray.
A．itB．thatc．thisD．hich
Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace__________,justasthenaesuggests,eatingisperforedquicly.
A.hichB.herec.thereD.hat
0.______isreportedinthenespapers,talsbeteenthetocountriesareaingprogress.
A.ItB.Asc.ThatD.hat
1.Ihaveanyfriends,_______soearebusinessen.
A．oftheB．frohichc．hoofD．ofho
2.—hy
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