快速阅读.docx

快速阅读.docx

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快速阅读

大学英语四级快速阅读专项突破

（一）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequickly

Forquestions1-7,mark

Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N（forNO）ifhestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage;

Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

1.Spiders

SpiderscanbedistinguishedfromotherArachnidsbecausetheprosoma（combinedheadϳandthorax）isonlyseparatedfromtheopisthosoma（abdomen）byanarrowwaist,inotherArachnidsthewholebodyappearstobemuchmoreofasingleunit.Allspidersproducesilk,butonlysomeconstructwebstocatchtheirhomesandtoprotecttheireggs.

Allspiderspossesspoisonglandsbutveryfewofthemaredangeroustohumans,ofthe600speciesinBritainonly12（atleastoneoftheseisarecenthumanassistedcolonist）arestrongenoughtopiercethehumanskin,andapartfromallergies,nonearemoredangerousthanacommonwasp.Mostspidershave8eyes（thoughsomehave6,4,2or0）,aswellas8legs.（Bythewayifyoucounttheclawsasseparatelegsection（whichyoushouldn’treally）thentheirlegshave8partsaswell（coxa,trochanter,femur,patella,tibia,tarsus,metatarus,claws）.Therearemorethan32,000knownspeciesofspiderintheworld.Nohumanbeinghaseverbeenofficiallyrecorderashavingdiedastheresultofatarantula’bite.

Allspidersarecarnivorousandfeedonlyonliquids,i.e.theirpreysnaturaljuicesandthebreakdownproductsofexternaldigestion（meaningtheyspit,exudeorinjectdigestivejuicesonto/intotheirpreyandsuckuptheresultingsoup）.Sowhynotinvitesometoyournextsocialdo?

What’sInaName

ThewordArachnidacomesfromtheGreekwordArachne,whowasthedaughterofIdmonofColophoninLydia,adyerbytrade.Arachneherselfwasaweaver,thebestinalltheknownworld.HoweverinafoolishmomentshechallengedAthene,thedaughterofZeusandgoddessof,amongotherthings,wavingtoaweavingcompetition.Arachnewovesoperfectacloththatshetoreittoshreds.Arachnebecamedepressedafterthisandintheendshehungherself.AthenestirredtoremorseattheknowledgeofwhatherangerhadwroughtturnedtheropeArachnehadusedtohangherselfintoawebandArachneherselfintoaspidersothatthebeautyofherspinningshouldnotbelosttotheworldeveragain.

TheGreatHouseholdSpiderSafari

TherearejustoversixhundreddifferentsortsofspidersintheBritishIsles.Butoftheseonlyahandfularecommonlyfoundinhouses.Atthefrontoftheheadareapairofwhatappeartobesmalllegs.Thesearecalledpalpsandareusedtoguidefoodtothespider’smouth.Thefrontoftheheadalsohasagroupofsixoreighteyes.Ontheundersideofthebodyattherear,arefourorsixsmallconicalbumpsorcylinders.Therearethespinneretsfromwhichthespiderproducesthesilktomakeitswebs.

Tellingmaleandfemalespidersapartiseasilydonebylookingattheirpalps.Maleshaveswollenendstotheirpalpswhichmakesthemlookasiftheyarewearingboxinggloves,theseareoftenstrangeshapesiflookedatwithahandlens.Femaleshavenormallookingpalpsthatarenotswollenattheends.

ThelargestspideristheGoliathspider,thefemaleofwhichgrowstoreachalegspanofteninches.ThelargestspiderinBritainistheCardinalspiderwhichisaclosecousinofTimTegenaria.Femalescanachievealegspanoffourandahalfinches.ItisknownastheCardinalspiderasitwascommoninHamptonCourtwhenCardinalWolseylivedthere.Thesightoftheselongleggedspiderswanderingaroundthepalaceatnightusedtofrightenhim.Sofar32，000differentkindsofspiderhavebeendiscoveredfromallovertheworld.Britainhas630differentkindsofspiderofwhich250aretinyMoneyspiders.Thesmallestofwhichhasabodylessthanonemillimeterlong.

1.Allthesilkproducedbyspidersconstructwebstocatchtheirfood.

2.Notallthepoisonglandspossessedbyspidersaredangeroustohumanbeings.

3.SpidersoftenkillhumansinBritainwhentheypiercehumanskin.

4.Afterseeingherenemycommitssuicide,ArachneturnedAtheneintoaspider.

5.TimTegenariaspidersarecloselyrelatedtotarantulaspiders;botharefoundinBritain.

6.Sofar32,000differentkindsofspidershavebeendiscoveredfromallovertheworld.

7.MoneyspidersarethesmallestspidersfoundintheArachnidsfamily.

8.Therearemorethanknownspeciesofspiderintheworld.

9.Tellingmaleandfemalespidersapartiseasilydoneby.

10.Thelargestspideris.

大学英语四级快速阅读专项突破

（二）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequickly

Forquestions1-7,mark

Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N（forNO）ifhestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage;

Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

2.SustainableTourismϳandWTO

UNEP’sproposalsonsustainabletourism

Background:

Avarietyofgroupsandorganizationshaveundertakenworkontourism,onitsenvironmentaleffectsandtoalesserextentontheimplicationsoftourismforsustainabledevelopment.Someofthesegroupshavepresentedguidanceforsustainabletourismbasedontheirwork.TheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram（UNEP）hassurveyedthosemainproposedPrinciplesforImplementationofSustainableTourism.TheseproposedprincipleswerepresentedattheUNEPHighLevelCommitteeofMinistersandOfficialsinNovember1998.

TheUNEPGoverningCouncil,meetinginFebruary1999,approvedaconsultationprocesswithmajorgroupstofinalizeanagreedsetofprinciples.Bypromotingagreementofaconsolidatedsetofprinciples,UNEPisseekingtoencourageamovementfromdebatetomorewidespreadactionandadoptionofsustainabletourismpractices.

UNEPSurvey:

Basedonthesurveyofguidelinesforsustainabletourism,theelementsofsustainabletourismwhicharemostfrequentlycitedinclude:

puttingsustainabledevelopmentintopracticeinthedevelopment,managementandintegrationoftourismwiththewidereconomy,theenvironment;

protectingbiodiversity,theenvironmentandnaturalresources;

includingtheparticipationofallstakeholders,andinparticular,localcommunitiesintourism;andensuringthatlocalcommunitieshaveanequitableshareinbenefitsresultingfromtourism;

sittingtourismoperationsanddevelopmentappropriatelytoavoiddamagetobiodiversityandtheenvironment;

operationwithinthecapacitiesoftheenvironment,andofavailableinfrastructure;

usingresourcesefficiently,andpreventingpollutionandwaste.

Summary:

Insummary,sustainabletourismmaybedefinedastourismthatputstheprinciplesofsustainabledevelopment,asforexample,setoutintheRioDeclaration,intopracticeinallaspectsofitsoperationanddevelopment.

TheQuestion:

Thekeyquestionishowtoputsustainabledevelopmentintopracticeintourismactivities―frommasstourismtonaturebasedandspecialisttourism.

UNEP’sProposals:

UNEP’sproposalsonprinciplesforimplementationofSustainableTourismcoverthemechanismsandstrategiesthataremostfrequentlycitedforimplementingsustainabletourism.

Application:

Theseelementsaregenerallyapplicabletoallmajorgroupsinvolvedintourismactivitiesandplanning─Governmentatnationalandlocallevel,businessandindustry,NGOsandinternationalorganizations.Allhaverolesinimplementingtheseprinciplesforsustainabletourism.

ONE:

INTEGRATIONofTourismintoOverallPolicyforSustainableDevelopment,through:

RegionalandNationalStrategies:

tobalancetourismwithbroadereconomic,socialandenvironmentalobjectives,andintegrateitintosustainabledevelopmentplans.

InteragencyCoordinationandCooperation:

toimprovethemanagementanddevelopmentoftourismbetweendifferentdepartments.

InteragencyManagement:

tocoordinatetheallocationoflanduses,anduseofotherresources,andtoregulateinappropriateactivitiesthatdamageecosystems.

ReconcilingConflictingResourceUses:

toidentifyandresolveconflictsbetweentourismandotheractivitiesatanearlystage,byinvolvingallrelevantstakeholdersinthedevelopment,andeffectiveimplementationofsoundmanagementplans.

TWO:

DEVELOPMENTofSustainableTourism,through:

PlanningforDevelopment&Land-useatsub-NationalLevel:

toconservetheenvironment,maintainthequalityofthevisitorexperience,andprovidebenefitsforlocalcommunities.

EnvironmentImpactAssessment（EIA）:

toanticipateenvironmentimpactsbyundertakingcomprehensiveEIAsforalltourismdevelopmentprograms.

PlanningMeasures:

toensurethattourismdevelopmentremainswithinnationalandlocalplansforalltypesofactivities,byimplementingeffectivecarryingcapacityprograms,planningcontrolsandmanagement.

LegislativeFramework:

toestablishandardsforlanduseintourismdevelopment,tourismfacilities,managementandinvestmentintourism.

EnvironmentStandards:

toimproveenvironmentalquality,tosettargetsforreducingpollutionfromallsectorsandtopreventdevelopmentininappropriateareas.

RegionalApproaches:

toestablishcommonmodelsforincentives,environmentalpolicies,andintegratedtourismdevelopmentplanningatregionallevel.

THREE:

MANAGEMENTofTourismthrough:

InitiativesbyIndustry:

topromotesustainabletourismandtogivelocalcommunitiesashareintheownershipandbenefitsoftourism;anduseandpromotionof

eco-efficiencyandcleanerproduction

environmentmanagementsystemsandenvironmentsoundtechno