哈姆雷特.docx

哈姆雷特.docx

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哈姆雷特

Act1,Scene1

Hamletopenswiththesentry,Francisco,keepingwatchoverthecastleatElsinore.HeisrelievedbyBarnardo,whoisjoinedshortlybyHoratioandMarcellus.BarnardoandMarcellusrevealthattheyhavewitnessedanapparition:

Marcellus.Horatiosays'tisbutourfantasy,

andwillnotletbelieftakeholdofhim,

Touchingthisdreadedsighttwiceseenofus（1.1.23-25）.

TheGhostofthelatekingofDenmarkappearsandpromptlywithdrawsintothenight.HoratiorecognizesthearmourcoveringtheGhostandremarksthatitistheveryarmourthattheKingwore"whenhetheambitiousNorwaycombated"（1.1.61）.Barnardo,Marcellus,andHoratiosuspectthattheappearanceoftheghostlyKingisanominousmessagetoallofDenmark,astheyprepareforwarwithNorway.Horatiopleadswiththeapparitiontorevealitsintentions:

...stay,illusion;

Ifthouhastanysoundoruseofvoice,

Speaktome,

Iftherebeanygoodthingtobedone

Thatmaytotheedoease,andgracetome,

Speaktome,

Ifthouartprivytothycountry'sfate,

（Whichhappilyforknowingmayavoid）

O,speak!

（1.1.127-35）.

TheGhost,however,refusestospeak,anddisappearsasthecockcrows.HoratiodecidestotellPrinceHamletallthathastranspired,forheknowsthattheGhostwillonlyrevealhispurposetohisson.

Act1,Scene2

ThesceneopenswithKingClaudiusofDenmarkgivingamagnificentlyostentatiousspeechonthedeathofhisbrotherandhismarriagetoQueenGertrude,hissister-in-lawandHamlet'smother.Claudiusdispatchestwoofhiscourtiers,CorneliusandVoltimand,toNorwayaspeacekeepers,andhegrantsLaertes,whohascometoDenmarkspecificallyforthecoronationofClaudius,permissiontoreturntohisstudiesinFrance.Withsuchmattersattendedto,Claudiusfocusesonhistroublesomenephew.HecommendsHamletonthelengthandseverityofhismourning,butinsiststhathis"unmanly"griefmustcometoanend.HereassuresHamletthathisfatherlostafather,andhisfatherbeforehim,andsoon.HeimploresHamletnottoreturntohisstudiesinWittenberg,buttoremaininDenmarktofulfillhisroleofcourtier,cousin,andson.GertrudealsopleadswithHamlettostay,andcalmly,heagrees:

"Ishallinallmybestobeyyou,madam"（1.2.120）.SatisfiedwithHamlet'sanswer,theroyalcoupleleavetheroom.HamletisleftalonetoexpoundhisconsumingrageanddisgustathismotherforherincestuousmarriagetoClaudius,withinamonthofhisfather'sdeath:

OGod,abeastthatwantsdiscourseofreason

Wouldhavemourn'dlonger,--marriedwithmyuncle,

Myfather'sbrother,butnomorelikemyfather

ThanItoHercules:

withinamonth,

Ereyetthesaltofmostunrighteoustears

Hadlefttheflushinginhergalledeyes,

Shemarried;Omostwickedspeed,topost

Withsuchdexteritytoincestuoussheets!

HamletisinterruptedgratefullybyHoratio,alongwithBarnardoandMarcellus.TheytellhimthattheGhostofhisfatherhasappearedonthecastlewall,andHamletisatfirstshockedanddisturbed:

"Indeed,indeed,sirs,butthistroublesme"（1.2.223）.ThethreefurtherdescribetheGhosttoHamlet--hissilveredbeard,hispaleandsorrowfulcountenance,hisfullbodyarmour--and,withexcitementHamletagreestomeetthemontheplatform,"twixtelevenandtwelve".

Act1,Scene3

Laertes,whoisabouttoleaveforFrance,warnshissister,Ophelia,thatHamlet'sloveforherwillundoubtedlynotlast.Hewillbethenextking,andassuchhiswantsmustyieldtothedemandsandinterestsofthecitizensofDenmark.WhenitisnolongerconvenientorappropriateforHamlettoloveher,Laertescautions,hewillcastheraside.OpheliadefendsHamletandLaerteslovinglyresponds"O,fearmenot"（1.2.57）.Theirfather,Polonius,enterstheroomandagreesthatOpheliahasbeenseeingfartoomuchofHamlet.Hebeginsarantonthestateofyoungmen'smorality,insistingthatpassioncausesthemtomakefalsevows.HeforbidsOpheliafromseeingHamletagain,andsherespectfullyobeys.

Act1,Scene4

Shortlybeforemidnight,HamletmeetsHoratioonthebattlementsofthecastle.Theywaittogetherinthedarkness.Frombelowtheyhearthesoundofthemeninthecastlelaughinganddancingriotously;theKingdraininghis"draughtsofRhenishdown".HamletexplainstoHoratiohisdislikeofsuchdrunkenbehaviour.ToHamlet,drinkingtoexcesshasruinedthewholenation,whichisknownasalandfullofdrunkenswinesabroad.Ittakesawaythecountry'saccomplishmentsandrendersmenweakandcorrupt.ThenHoratiospotstheGhostapproaching.HamletcallsouttotheGhostanditbeckonsHamlettoleavewithit"asifitsomeimpartmentdiddesire"（1.4.67）toHamletalone.DespitethepleadingofHoratioandMarcellus,whoareafraidthattheapparitionmightbeanevilentityindisguise,HamletagreestofollowtheGhostandthetwofiguresdisappearintothedark.

Act1,Scene5

HamletwillgonofurtherwiththeGhostanddemandsitspeakatonce.TheGhosttellsHamletthatthehourisapproachingwhenitmustreturntothetormentingflamesofpurgatoryanditrevealsthehideousanddementedtruthtoananguishedHamlet,onthevergeofhysteriathroughouttheconversation.TheGhostisindeedthespiritofHamlet'sfather,andhehasnotdied,buthasbeenmurdered,poisonedbyhisownbrother,Claudius.TheGhostdisappears,leavingHamlethorrifiedandenraged."Ovillain,villain,smiling,damnedvillain!

"（1.5.106）.Hamletisnotyetsurehowhewillcarryouthisrevenge,buthevowstothinkaboutnothingelseuntilClaudiushassufferedforhisbetrayal.AmidsttheechoingcriesoftheGhostrisingfrombeneaththeearth,HamletinsistsHoratioandMarcellusswearthattheywillnotrevealtoanyonetheeventsofthatnight.UponHamlet'sswordthetwotaketheiroath,assuringhimthattheywillremainsilent.Hamletthencallstohisfather'sspirit"rest,rest"（I.V.179）,andthesceneandentireactcloseswiththelinesthatencapsulateHamlet'swholetragedy:

So,gentlemen,

WithallmyloveIdocommendmetoyou,

AndwhatsopooramanasHamletis

Maydotoexpresshisloveandfriendingtoyou,

Godwilling,shallnotlack:

Letusgotogether,

Andstillyourfingersonyourlips,Ipray.

Thetimeisoutofjoint;Ocursedspite,

ThateverIwasborntosetitright!

（1.5.181-88）

Act2,Scene1

Act2opensinaroominPolonius'house,twomonthsafterHamlethasseenhisfather'sghost.Poloniusismakingarrangementstosendhisservant,Reynaldo,toParistospyonLaertes.Poloniusjustifieshisactionsbyarguingthatheisonlyconcernedforthewell-beingofhisson,sofarawayfromhome.ThefrightenedOpheliarushesintotheroomtotellherfatherthatHamletcametoseeherwhileshewassewing,andthatithadbeenaterrifyingexperience:

LordHamlet,withhisdoubletallunbrac'd,

Nohatuponhishead,hisstockingsfoul'd,

Ungarter'danddown-gyvedtohisancle,

Paleashisshirt,hiskneesknockingeachother,

Andwithalooksopiteousinpurport

Asifhehadbeenloosedoutofhell

Tospeakofhorrors...（2.1.77-83）.

PoloniusatonceassumesthatthelossofOphelia'saffectionshasdrivenHamletinsane.Heexpressesregretthatheeveraskedhisdaughtertobehavesoheartlesslytowardthelove-sickprince,andhedecidestheKingmustknowthatHamlethasgonemad.

Act2,Scene2

KingClaudiushasnoticedHamlet'sstrangebehaviourevenbeforeoldPoloniuscantellhistale.ClaudiushassummonedtwoofHamlet'sclassmatesatWittenberg--GuildensternandRosencrantz--hopingthattheywillbeabletouncoverwhathassparkedsuchatransformationinHamlet.ThetwoleavetoseekoutthePrinceandPoloniusisgrantedlicensetospeakbeforetheKingandQueen.HebeginsatiresomeexplanationofhistheoriesaboutthenatureofHamlet'smadness,andproducesaloveletterthatHamlethassenttoOphelia.TheQueenbelievesPoloniusisprobablyright,andsheknowsthatherhastymarriageandthedeathofHamlet'sfatherhavealsobeenresponsibleforhisdramaticchangeinbehaviour.Inthemidstofthediscussion,theKingreceivesgoodnewsfromhismessengers,VoltimandandCornelius,backfromNorway.TheyinformhimthattheKingofNorwayhasdecidedtoredirecthisattacktowardPoland,iftheNorwegianarmyisgrantedsafepassagethroughDenmark.Happywiththenews,theKingturnsagaintoPolonius,and,aftermoretediouspontificatingbytheoldman,theKingagreestoeavesdroponHamletwhenhenextvisitsOphelia.

PoloniusseesHamletapproachingandheadvisestheKingandQueentoleavehimalonewiththePrince.HamletdoesspeakwithPolonius,buthisanswersarenonsensicalandrude;duenotonlytohisdesiretoperpetuatehisfacadeasamadman,butalsotohisutterlackofregardforPolonius,whomheseesasa"greatbaby".Afterafewmoments,Poloniusgivesup,convincedthatHamlet'sbabblingisaresultofhisinsanity.RosencrantzandGuildensternentertheroomandHamletgreetsthemwithexcitement.HamletmakesthetwoadmitthattheyarespiesoftheKingandthengivesthemananswertotheburningquestion:

thetroubleis,simplyput,melancholia.RosencrantztellsHamletthattheplayerswillbetheresoon,andwhentheydoarrive,HamletgreetsthementhusiasticallyandaskstheFirstPlayertoreciteascenefromastoryabouttheTrojanWar.HamletissomovedthatheaskstheFirstPlayertostopspeakingandalsotoperformaplayinfrontofthecourtthatevening.TheplaywillbeTheMurderofGonzago,andHamletwillintermittentlyadddialoguethathehimselfwillwrite.PoloniusleadsRozencrantzandGuildensternaway,andHamletisleftalone,safetorevealhissecretanguish:

...AmIacoward,

Who