哈姆雷特.docx
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哈姆雷特
Act1,Scene1
Hamletopenswiththesentry,Francisco,keepingwatchoverthecastleatElsinore.HeisrelievedbyBarnardo,whoisjoinedshortlybyHoratioandMarcellus.BarnardoandMarcellusrevealthattheyhavewitnessedanapparition:
Marcellus.Horatiosays'tisbutourfantasy,
andwillnotletbelieftakeholdofhim,
Touchingthisdreadedsighttwiceseenofus(1.1.23-25).
TheGhostofthelatekingofDenmarkappearsandpromptlywithdrawsintothenight.HoratiorecognizesthearmourcoveringtheGhostandremarksthatitistheveryarmourthattheKingwore"whenhetheambitiousNorwaycombated"(1.1.61).Barnardo,Marcellus,andHoratiosuspectthattheappearanceoftheghostlyKingisanominousmessagetoallofDenmark,astheyprepareforwarwithNorway.Horatiopleadswiththeapparitiontorevealitsintentions:
...stay,illusion;
Ifthouhastanysoundoruseofvoice,
Speaktome,
Iftherebeanygoodthingtobedone
Thatmaytotheedoease,andgracetome,
Speaktome,
Ifthouartprivytothycountry'sfate,
(Whichhappilyforknowingmayavoid)
O,speak!
(1.1.127-35).
TheGhost,however,refusestospeak,anddisappearsasthecockcrows.HoratiodecidestotellPrinceHamletallthathastranspired,forheknowsthattheGhostwillonlyrevealhispurposetohisson.
Act1,Scene2
ThesceneopenswithKingClaudiusofDenmarkgivingamagnificentlyostentatiousspeechonthedeathofhisbrotherandhismarriagetoQueenGertrude,hissister-in-lawandHamlet'smother.Claudiusdispatchestwoofhiscourtiers,CorneliusandVoltimand,toNorwayaspeacekeepers,andhegrantsLaertes,whohascometoDenmarkspecificallyforthecoronationofClaudius,permissiontoreturntohisstudiesinFrance.Withsuchmattersattendedto,Claudiusfocusesonhistroublesomenephew.HecommendsHamletonthelengthandseverityofhismourning,butinsiststhathis"unmanly"griefmustcometoanend.HereassuresHamletthathisfatherlostafather,andhisfatherbeforehim,andsoon.HeimploresHamletnottoreturntohisstudiesinWittenberg,buttoremaininDenmarktofulfillhisroleofcourtier,cousin,andson.GertrudealsopleadswithHamlettostay,andcalmly,heagrees:
"Ishallinallmybestobeyyou,madam"(1.2.120).SatisfiedwithHamlet'sanswer,theroyalcoupleleavetheroom.HamletisleftalonetoexpoundhisconsumingrageanddisgustathismotherforherincestuousmarriagetoClaudius,withinamonthofhisfather'sdeath:
OGod,abeastthatwantsdiscourseofreason
Wouldhavemourn'dlonger,--marriedwithmyuncle,
Myfather'sbrother,butnomorelikemyfather
ThanItoHercules:
withinamonth,
Ereyetthesaltofmostunrighteoustears
Hadlefttheflushinginhergalledeyes,
Shemarried;Omostwickedspeed,topost
Withsuchdexteritytoincestuoussheets!
HamletisinterruptedgratefullybyHoratio,alongwithBarnardoandMarcellus.TheytellhimthattheGhostofhisfatherhasappearedonthecastlewall,andHamletisatfirstshockedanddisturbed:
"Indeed,indeed,sirs,butthistroublesme"(1.2.223).ThethreefurtherdescribetheGhosttoHamlet--hissilveredbeard,hispaleandsorrowfulcountenance,hisfullbodyarmour--and,withexcitementHamletagreestomeetthemontheplatform,"twixtelevenandtwelve".
Act1,Scene3
Laertes,whoisabouttoleaveforFrance,warnshissister,Ophelia,thatHamlet'sloveforherwillundoubtedlynotlast.Hewillbethenextking,andassuchhiswantsmustyieldtothedemandsandinterestsofthecitizensofDenmark.WhenitisnolongerconvenientorappropriateforHamlettoloveher,Laertescautions,hewillcastheraside.OpheliadefendsHamletandLaerteslovinglyresponds"O,fearmenot"(1.2.57).Theirfather,Polonius,enterstheroomandagreesthatOpheliahasbeenseeingfartoomuchofHamlet.Hebeginsarantonthestateofyoungmen'smorality,insistingthatpassioncausesthemtomakefalsevows.HeforbidsOpheliafromseeingHamletagain,andsherespectfullyobeys.
Act1,Scene4
Shortlybeforemidnight,HamletmeetsHoratioonthebattlementsofthecastle.Theywaittogetherinthedarkness.Frombelowtheyhearthesoundofthemeninthecastlelaughinganddancingriotously;theKingdraininghis"draughtsofRhenishdown".HamletexplainstoHoratiohisdislikeofsuchdrunkenbehaviour.ToHamlet,drinkingtoexcesshasruinedthewholenation,whichisknownasalandfullofdrunkenswinesabroad.Ittakesawaythecountry'saccomplishmentsandrendersmenweakandcorrupt.ThenHoratiospotstheGhostapproaching.HamletcallsouttotheGhostanditbeckonsHamlettoleavewithit"asifitsomeimpartmentdiddesire"(1.4.67)toHamletalone.DespitethepleadingofHoratioandMarcellus,whoareafraidthattheapparitionmightbeanevilentityindisguise,HamletagreestofollowtheGhostandthetwofiguresdisappearintothedark.
Act1,Scene5
HamletwillgonofurtherwiththeGhostanddemandsitspeakatonce.TheGhosttellsHamletthatthehourisapproachingwhenitmustreturntothetormentingflamesofpurgatoryanditrevealsthehideousanddementedtruthtoananguishedHamlet,onthevergeofhysteriathroughouttheconversation.TheGhostisindeedthespiritofHamlet'sfather,andhehasnotdied,buthasbeenmurdered,poisonedbyhisownbrother,Claudius.TheGhostdisappears,leavingHamlethorrifiedandenraged."Ovillain,villain,smiling,damnedvillain!
"(1.5.106).Hamletisnotyetsurehowhewillcarryouthisrevenge,buthevowstothinkaboutnothingelseuntilClaudiushassufferedforhisbetrayal.AmidsttheechoingcriesoftheGhostrisingfrombeneaththeearth,HamletinsistsHoratioandMarcellusswearthattheywillnotrevealtoanyonetheeventsofthatnight.UponHamlet'sswordthetwotaketheiroath,assuringhimthattheywillremainsilent.Hamletthencallstohisfather'sspirit"rest,rest"(I.V.179),andthesceneandentireactcloseswiththelinesthatencapsulateHamlet'swholetragedy:
So,gentlemen,
WithallmyloveIdocommendmetoyou,
AndwhatsopooramanasHamletis
Maydotoexpresshisloveandfriendingtoyou,
Godwilling,shallnotlack:
Letusgotogether,
Andstillyourfingersonyourlips,Ipray.
Thetimeisoutofjoint;Ocursedspite,
ThateverIwasborntosetitright!
(1.5.181-88)
Act2,Scene1
Act2opensinaroominPolonius'house,twomonthsafterHamlethasseenhisfather'sghost.Poloniusismakingarrangementstosendhisservant,Reynaldo,toParistospyonLaertes.Poloniusjustifieshisactionsbyarguingthatheisonlyconcernedforthewell-beingofhisson,sofarawayfromhome.ThefrightenedOpheliarushesintotheroomtotellherfatherthatHamletcametoseeherwhileshewassewing,andthatithadbeenaterrifyingexperience:
LordHamlet,withhisdoubletallunbrac'd,
Nohatuponhishead,hisstockingsfoul'd,
Ungarter'danddown-gyvedtohisancle,
Paleashisshirt,hiskneesknockingeachother,
Andwithalooksopiteousinpurport
Asifhehadbeenloosedoutofhell
Tospeakofhorrors...(2.1.77-83).
PoloniusatonceassumesthatthelossofOphelia'saffectionshasdrivenHamletinsane.Heexpressesregretthatheeveraskedhisdaughtertobehavesoheartlesslytowardthelove-sickprince,andhedecidestheKingmustknowthatHamlethasgonemad.
Act2,Scene2
KingClaudiushasnoticedHamlet'sstrangebehaviourevenbeforeoldPoloniuscantellhistale.ClaudiushassummonedtwoofHamlet'sclassmatesatWittenberg--GuildensternandRosencrantz--hopingthattheywillbeabletouncoverwhathassparkedsuchatransformationinHamlet.ThetwoleavetoseekoutthePrinceandPoloniusisgrantedlicensetospeakbeforetheKingandQueen.HebeginsatiresomeexplanationofhistheoriesaboutthenatureofHamlet'smadness,andproducesaloveletterthatHamlethassenttoOphelia.TheQueenbelievesPoloniusisprobablyright,andsheknowsthatherhastymarriageandthedeathofHamlet'sfatherhavealsobeenresponsibleforhisdramaticchangeinbehaviour.Inthemidstofthediscussion,theKingreceivesgoodnewsfromhismessengers,VoltimandandCornelius,backfromNorway.TheyinformhimthattheKingofNorwayhasdecidedtoredirecthisattacktowardPoland,iftheNorwegianarmyisgrantedsafepassagethroughDenmark.Happywiththenews,theKingturnsagaintoPolonius,and,aftermoretediouspontificatingbytheoldman,theKingagreestoeavesdroponHamletwhenhenextvisitsOphelia.
PoloniusseesHamletapproachingandheadvisestheKingandQueentoleavehimalonewiththePrince.HamletdoesspeakwithPolonius,buthisanswersarenonsensicalandrude;duenotonlytohisdesiretoperpetuatehisfacadeasamadman,butalsotohisutterlackofregardforPolonius,whomheseesasa"greatbaby".Afterafewmoments,Poloniusgivesup,convincedthatHamlet'sbabblingisaresultofhisinsanity.RosencrantzandGuildensternentertheroomandHamletgreetsthemwithexcitement.HamletmakesthetwoadmitthattheyarespiesoftheKingandthengivesthemananswertotheburningquestion:
thetroubleis,simplyput,melancholia.RosencrantztellsHamletthattheplayerswillbetheresoon,andwhentheydoarrive,HamletgreetsthementhusiasticallyandaskstheFirstPlayertoreciteascenefromastoryabouttheTrojanWar.HamletissomovedthatheaskstheFirstPlayertostopspeakingandalsotoperformaplayinfrontofthecourtthatevening.TheplaywillbeTheMurderofGonzago,andHamletwillintermittentlyadddialoguethathehimselfwillwrite.PoloniusleadsRozencrantzandGuildensternaway,andHamletisleftalone,safetorevealhissecretanguish:
...AmIacoward,
Who