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但是除了这些,莎翁的戏剧还是有许多值得一看的地方。
那么今天,让我们抛开其它想法,从一部《哈姆雷特(Hamlet)》中去感受一下莎士比亚戏剧的特点。
而题目中所说的这4个关键词便是:
复仇、爱情、悲剧、夸张。
Shakespeare
(William
Shakes
beare
1564~
1616)
thegreat
famousEnglishdramatistandpoet.
Eachofhisplays
arealmostall
classical
masterpieces,
but
maybedueto
theEastWestculturaldifferences,
for
hisgorgeous,
exaggerationand
sodramatic
properties
dramaticdialogue
maybe
alotofpeople
donotaccept,
includingme,
even
theslightest
roumasense.
Butinadditiontothat,
Savon'
sdrama,
therearestillmany
placesworthvisiting.
Sotoday,letusputaside
otherideas,
from
a
Hamlet
(Hamlet)"
to
feelthecharacteristicsofShakespeare'
s
drama.
These4words
andthe
said
is:
revenge,
love,
tragedy
andexaggeration.
关键词1.复仇
复仇往往是许多戏剧中所会运用的手段之一,比如《罗密欧与朱丽叶(RomeoandJuliet)》中,罗密欧就是为了替好友报仇而杀死了朱丽叶的堂兄。
而《哈姆雷特(Hamlet)》的中心内容便是讲了丹麦王子哈姆雷特复仇的故事。
自己的父王被杀,而凶手正是已经篡位的叔父,无知的母亲更是成为了杀父仇人的妻子。
这样的屈辱打乱了哈姆雷特原本平静的生活,复仇的种子过早的被埋在哈姆雷特的心中,为了死去的父亲,为了正义,他别无选择,即使他知道要复仇是多么不容易,而自己也可能会付出更为惨痛的代价。
于是,复仇的戏码上演。
他的装疯卖傻,骗过了所有的人,然而结果呢?
他成功地为父亲报了仇,但是他错手杀死了自己所爱的姑娘的父亲和哥哥,他所爱的姑娘奥菲利娅也死了,而他也最终赔上了自己的性命。
没有人能告诉他这是否值得,而我们也只能看着原本善良的小王子哈姆雷特成为复仇这场悲剧下的牺牲品。
Keywords
1revenge
Revenge
isoften
oneofthemany
uses
inthedrama
means,
suchasRomeoand
Juliet
(Romeo
and
Juliet)"
Romeo
isto
killJuliet
revenge
forfriends
cousins.
(Hamlet)
and"
the
coreideais
about
theDanishPrince
thestoryofrevenge.
His
father
waskilled,
andthemurdereris
already
usurping
uncle,
ignoranceofthe
mother
isbecomingmore
enemieskilledfather'
swife.
Suchhumiliation
disruptedlife
calmHamlet,
seed
early
Revengeofthe
buried
intheheartoftheHamlet,
inorderto
deadfather,
inordertojustice,
hehadnochoice,
eventhoughheknew
revengeis
hownoteasy,
andtheoneselfalso
mayhavetopay
more
painful
price.
So,
therevenge
drama.
playthefool,
foolallthe
people,
buttheresults?
Hesuccessfully
avengedhisfather,
buthe
accidentallykills
hisbelovedgirl'
sfatherandbrother,
he
loved
thegirl
OffeLiahis
dead,
andheiseventually
losttheirlives.
Noonecan
tellhim
whetheritisworth,andHamlet,
wecanonlylookat
thegood
littleprince
hasbecomeavictimof
thetragedy
of
revenge.
关键词2.爱情
复仇的同时,也葬送了哈姆雷特与奥菲利娅原本一帆风顺的爱情。
一个王子,一个御前大臣的女儿,这样难得的门当户对,情投意合,却被哈姆雷特的仇恨给拆散了,尤其当他在无意间杀死了奥菲利娅的父亲——御前大臣波洛涅斯,这场爱情注定是以悲剧收场的。
哈姆雷特不会为爱情而放弃复仇,在他看来,复仇充斥着血腥的味道,和求爱的罗曼蒂克很不相称,同时这种悠闲的感情和他背负的责任也是格格不入的。
当他假装发疯的同时,使奥菲利娅为了他痛苦,也使自己伤心无奈。
当他情不自禁地思念起可爱的奥菲利娅,他开始为自己的冷酷无情感到内疚和不解,来看看哈姆雷特给奥菲利娅的情书吧:
“给我灵魂的偶像,只应天上有的、绝顶美艳的奥菲利娅—愿此数行留在她皎洁的杯中:
你可以怀疑星辰的发光,你可以怀疑日月的运行;
你可以疑心真理会说谎,决不要怀疑我的爱情。
”
虽然言辞十分夸张,但从这里我们可以看到哈姆雷特对于奥菲利娅的一份纯真的爱情,也为这一部悲剧增添了一些柔和、浪漫的感觉。
2wordsof
love
atthesametime,
butalsoruin
andOphelia
wasEverythingisgoingsmoothly.
love.
Aprince,
minister'
sdaughter,
sorarea
Mendanghudui,
agreeinopinion,
butHamlet
hate
breakup,especiallywhen
hekilled
OffeLiah'
sfather
--
imperialformerministerPologneJ
inadvertently,
this
loveisdoomed
toendintragedy.
Hamlettwasnotgoingto
giveup
love
inhisview,
filledwiththetasteofblood,
isnotcommensurate
with
romantic
courtship,
andthislaidback
feelingand
hebearsthe
responsibilityand
bemisfits.Whenhe
pretendedtobeinsane
make
OffeLiah
hispain,
alsomaketheirown
sad
helpless.
Whenhe
couldn'
thelpmissing
thelovelyOffeLiah,
hebeganto
feelguiltyand
confused
forhisruthlessness,
cametoseeHamlet
toOffeLiah
letter:
Giveme
thesoulofthe
idol,
shouldonlybethesky,
very
beautiful
someOphelia
-
maythe
numberofrows
tostayinher
bright
cup:
Light
youcansuspectthatthe
stars,
thesunandthemoon
youcandoubt
theoperation;
Doubttruthto
be
alie,
neverdoubt
mylove."
Althoughthewordsare
veryexaggerated,
fromherewecanseeHamlet
apurelove
Ophelia,
alsoadded
somesoft
andromanticfeelings
forthis
tragedy.
关键词3.悲剧
莎士比亚的戏剧中,优秀的喜剧作品很多,如《皆大欢喜(All'
sWellThatEndsWell)》、《仲夏夜之梦(AMidsummerNight'
sDream)》等等,但是莎翁的悲剧往往更胜一筹。
这可能与其写作时期有关,几部喜剧大多在其早期(1590~1600)所写。
而之后,他的作品往往以悲剧为主,而同时期的几部喜剧如《一报还一报(MeasureforMeasure)》等也都带上了几许悲剧色彩。
莎翁的悲剧不用多说,四大悲剧以及《罗密欧与朱丽叶(RomeoandJuliet)》等都是人们耳熟能详的,而今天我们就从《哈姆雷特(Hamlet)》这部戏剧中来看一看。
无疑,这是一部情节复杂的悲剧,谋杀、篡位、爱情、装疯、错杀、阴谋,直到最后有关人物的统统死亡,令人震惊且悲哀。
权力和地位一直是人们追逐的对象,欲望之火一旦点燃,人类种种丑恶的本性便暴露无遗,为此,亲情、道德显得那么渺小,那么无力,而上演了一出出无奈的悲剧,帝王之家便成了最合适的舞台。
正如哈姆雷特的好友霍拉旭在最后一幕哈姆雷特死后所说的一段话:
“让我对至今还一无所知的外界讲一讲事情的底细。
你们会听到荒淫、残杀、反常背理的行为、处于偶然的灾殃、意外的送命、迫不得已、将计就计的成功,以及,这一个收场里,谋害别人、反害自己的结局。
中国的戏剧往往以大团圆为结局,或者假手于上天来惩罚恶者。
而西方戏剧中尤其是莎翁笔下,悲剧反而成为了最完美的结局。
3
tragedy
Shakespeare'
splays,
agoodcomedy.
Alotofwork,
suchas
tothesatisfactionofall
(All'
Well
That
Ends
Well)"
AMidsummerNight'
sdream
(A
Midsummer
Night'
Dream)"
andsoon,
butSavon'
tragedyisoften
better.
This
maybeassociatedwith
severalcomedy
writing
period,mostly
intheirearly
(1590~1600)
wrote.
Afterthat,
hisworksoftentragedies,
butsametime
as
requitelikeforlike(Measure
Measure)"
also
brought
many
tragiccolor.
ThetragedyofSavon
needlesstosay,
thefourmajortragedy,
Romeoand
are
familiar,
andtoday
wehavefrom
the"
thisplay
alook.
Undoubtedly,
thisisa
complexplot
ofthetragedy,
murder,
usurpedthethrone,
madness,
killthewrong,conspiracy,
untilfinally
therelevant
figures
arealldead,
shockingandsad.
Powerandstatus
havebeen
chasing,
thefireofdesire
once
lit,
allkindsofugly
human
nature
isexposed,
therefore,
affection,
moral
seemssosmall,
sohelpless,
stageda
outof
helpless,
theimperialfamily
became
themostsuitable
stage.
As
Hamlet'
sfriend
Horatiosaid
inthefinalscene
afterthedeathofHamlet
afewwords:
Letme
say
thingsto
still
ignorantoutside.
You
willheara
dissolute,illing,
abnormal
foolish
behavior,
in
accidental
disaster,
accidentallyilled,
forced,'
sbeathimathisowngame
success,
and,
thisone
end,gainst
others,
anti
pest
ownending."
China'
splay
often
concludedwithahappy
ending,
or
hand
Godtopnish
thewicked.
Whilethewestern
drama
especially
underthepenofSavon,
hasinsteadbecomethe
mostperfectending.
关键词4.夸张
看过莎翁作品的人往往会对他笔下那华丽而夸张的对白印象深刻,可对于我们来说,用“夸张”一词来形容这些对白可能更为恰当。