独立主格结构练习.docx
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独立主格结构练习
独立主格结构练习一1-5BCCAC6-10DBBBC
11-15CDABB
1.______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.
A.Therewas
B.Therebeing
C.Becausetherebeing
D.Therewere
2.____,I'llgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon.
A.Timepermits
B.Iftimepermitting
C.Timepermitting
D.Time'spermitting
3._____,weallwenthomehappily.
A.Goodbyewassaid
B.Goodbyehadbeensaid
C.Goodbyesaid
D.Whengoodbyesaid
4._____,weallwentswimminginhighspirits.
A.Itbeingfineweather
B.Itfineweather
C.Itwasfineweather
D.Itbeingafineweather
5.____,thebusstartedatonce.
A.Thesignalwasgiven
B.Thesignalgiving
C.Thesignalgiven
D.Whenthesignalgiven
6.Shestoodthere,_____fromhercheeks.
A.tears'rollingdown
B.tearsrolleddown
C.withtearsrolleddown
D.tearsrollingdown
7.____,theleavesareturninggreen.
A.Whenspringcomingon
B.Springcomingon
C.Springcameon
D.Springbeingcomeon
8._____,Ihadtobuyanewone.
A.Mydictionarylosing
B.Mydictionaryhavingbeenlost
C.Mydictionaryhadbeenlost
D.Becausemydictionarylost
9.Iusedtosleepwiththewindow_____.
A.opened
B.open
C.openingDtoopen
10.____,thehunterwentintotheforest.
A.Agunonshoulder
B.Agunwasonhisshoulder
C.Gunonshoulder
D.Agunbeingonshoulder
11.____productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.
A.As
B.For
C.With
D.Through
12.Withalotofwork____,Ihavetosituptonight.
A.do
B.doing
C.done
D.todo
13.Hestoodtheresilently,hislips_____.
A.trembling
B.trembled
C.weretrembling
D.weretrembling
14._____,hersuggestionisofgreatervaluethanyours.
A.Allthingsconsidering
B.Allthingsconsidered
C.Allthingswereconsidered
D.Withallthingswereconsidered
15.______,wewillsurelysucceed.
A.Theteacherhelpingus
B.Theteachertohelpus
C.Theteacherwillhelpus
D.Withtheteacherhelping
独立主格结构练习二
1—5DAABC6—7CB
1.Thethiefstoodbeforethepoliceman,__________admittingwhathehaddone.
A.withhisdroopinghead
B.droopinghishead
C.raisinghishead
D.withhisheaddown
2.__________,hecan'tgooutforawalkasusual.
A.Withsomuchworktodo
B.Withsomuchworkdoing
C.Withsomuchworkdone
D.Withoutsomuchworktodo
3.It'squitestrangethatthemansleepswithhismouth__________andhiseyes__________.
A.closed;open
B.closed;opened
C.closing;open
D.closing;opening
open是动词,它的过去分词是opened,表示被关上了。
而open本身也可以做形容词,表示关上的状态,而opend强调被动。
题目中眼睛是有自主性的,不能说我的眼睛被睁开了,所以不用opend,而用open表示状态。
而且,keepyoureyesopen,是一个固定搭配了。
4.Allthings__________,theplantripwillhavetobecalledoff.
A.beconsidered
B.considered
C.considering
D.havingconsidering
5.__________,wehavetogetdowntobusinessrightaway.
A.Astherewasnotimeleft
B.Thereisnotimeleft
C.Therebeingnotimeleft
D.Theretobenotimeleft
6.__________yesterday,wewentoutforawalk.
A.Asafineday
B.Itwasafineday
C.Itbeingafineday
D.Foritwasafineday
7.Theoldmanstoodthere,__________.
A.withbackagainstthewall
B.withhisbackagainstthewall
C.withbackagainstwall
D.hisbackagainstwall
独立主格结构练习三
1.______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.
A.Therewas
B.Therebeing
C.Becausetherebeing
2.____,I'llgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon.
A.Timepermits
B.Iftimepermitting
C.Timepermitting
D.Time'spermitting
3._____,weallwenthomehappily.
A.Goodbyewassaid
B.Goodbyehadbeensaid
C.Goodbyesaid
D.Whengoodbyesaid
4._____,weallwentswimminginhighspirits.
A.Itbeingfineweather
B.Itfineweather
C.Itwasfineweather
D.Itbeingafineweather
5.____,thebusstartedatonce.
A.Thesignalwasgiven
B.Thesignalgiving
C.Thesignalgiven
D.Whenthesignalgiven
6.Shestoodthere,_____fromhercheeks.
A.tears'rollingdown
B.tearsrolleddown
C.withtearsrolleddown
D.tearsrollingdown
7.____,theleavesareturninggreen.
A.Whenspringcomingon
B.Springcomingon
C.Springcameon
D.Springbeingcomeon
8._____,Ihadtobuyanewone.
A.Mydictionarylosing
B.Mydictionaryhavingbeenlost
C.Mydictionaryhadbeenlost
D.Becausemydictionarylost
9.Iusedtosleepwiththewindow_____.
A.opened
B.open
C.openingDtoopen
10.____,thehunterwentintotheforest.
A.Agunonshoulder
B.Agunwasonhisshoulder
C.Gunonshoulder
D.Agunbeingonshoulder
11.____productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.
A.As
B.For
C.With
D.Through
12.Withalotofwork____,Ihavetosituptonight.
A.do
B.doing
C.done
D.todo
13.Hestoodtheresilently,hislips_____.
A.trembling
B.trembled
C.weretrembling
D.weretrembling
14._____,hersuggestionisofgreatervaluethanyours.
A.Allthingsconsidering
B.Allthingsconsidered
C.Allthingswereconsidered
D.Withallthingswereconsidered
15.______,wewillsurelysucceed.
A.Theteacherhelpingus
B.Theteachertohelpus
C.Theteacherwillhelpus
D.Withtheteacherhelping
独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。
但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语,从而在结构上与主语不发生关系,我们称之为独立主格结构(AbsoluteConstruction)。
其实,所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立,它还是一种从属的结构。
一、非谓语动词独立主格结构在独立主格结构中,非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
Suchanablemantohelpyou,youwillsurelysucceedsoonerorlater.有这么能干的人来帮你,你迟早一定会成功的。
(suchanableman和tohelpyou之间存在着主谓关系)
=Sincesuchanablemanwillhelpyou,youwillsurelysucceedsoonerorlater.
Heseatinghimselfatthedesk,hismotherbegantotellhimastory.他在书桌旁坐好后,他母亲开始给他讲故事。
(seatinghimselfatthedesk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he,注意是“主格”)
=Whenheseatedhimselfatthedesk,hismotherbegantotellhimastory.
Thekeytothebikelost,hehadtowalktoschool.由于丢了自行车钥匙,他只好步行去学校。
(lost的逻辑主语是thekey,lost也可以用完成式havingbeenlost)
=Becausethekeytothebikehadbeenlost,hehadtowalktoschool.
A.不定式“独立主格结构”
在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。
1.动词不定式用主动的形式
在独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
Hismothertocometonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。
(=Ashismotheristocometonight,heisbusypreparingthedinner.)
——Willyougototheconcerttonight你今晚去听音乐会吗?
——sorry,somanyexercise-bookstocheck,Ireallycan'taffordanytime.对不起,有这多的作业要批,我真的抽不出时间。
(=BecauseIshallchecksomanyexercise-bookstonight,Ireallycan'taffordanytime.)
Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabour,eachtotranslateaquarterofthebook.我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一。
(=Thefourofusagreedonadivisionoflabourandeachistotranslateaquarterofthebook.)
Manytrees,flowers,andgrasstobeplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.种上许多的树,花和草后,我们新建的学校将看上去更美。
(=Ifmanytrees,flowers,andgrassareplanted,ournewly-builtschoolwilllookevenmorebeautiful.)
B.-ing形式“独立主格结构”
动词的-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。
Beingill,hewenthome.由于生病,他回家了。
(=Ashewasveryill,hewenthome.)
Seatinghimselfatthedesk,hebegantoreadamagazine.在课桌旁坐好后,他开始看杂志。
(=Whenhehadseatedhimselfatthedesk,hebegantoreadamagazine.)
1.表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Everyonebeingready,theteacherbeganhisclass.每个人都准备好后,老师开始上课。
(相当于一个时间状语从句Wheneveryonewasready)
Thechairmanbeganthemeeting,everyonebeingseated.每个人坐好后,主席开始开会。
(相当于一个时间状语从句aftereveryonewasseated)
2.表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Theboyleadingtheway,wehadnotroublefindingthestrangecave.由那个男孩带路,我们没有困难就找到了那奇怪的洞。
(相当于一个原因状语从句Becausetheboyledtheway)
Manyeyeswatchinghim,hefeltabitnervous.许多眼睛看着他,他感到有点儿紧张。
(相当于一个原因状语从句Asmanyeyeswerewatchinghim)
必背:
含有being的独立主格结构。
ItbeingNationalDaytoday,thestreetsareverycrowded.今天是国庆节,街上很拥挤。
=AsitisNationalDaytoday,thestreetsareverycrowded.
Therebeingnofurtherbusinesstodiscuss,weallwenthome.没有别的事可讨论,我们都回家了。
=Astherewasnofurtherbusinesstodiscuss,weallwenthome.
3.表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Timepermitting,wewillhaveapicnicnextweek.时间允许的话,我们下星期将进行一次野炊。
(相当于一个条件状语从句Iftimepermits)
Myhealthallowing,Iwillworkfarintothenight.我的健康许可的话,我愿工作到深夜。
(相当于一个条件状语从句Ifmyhealthallows)
4.表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”
Thestudentsarewalkingintheschoolhappily,eachwearingacardinfrontofhischest.学生们快乐地在学校里走着,每个人胸前都带着一张卡。
(相当于一个并列分句andeachwearsacardinfrontofhischest)
Theboylayonthegrass,hiseyeslookingatthesky.男孩躺在草地上,眼睛看着天空。
(相当于一个并列分句andhiseyeswerelookingatthesky)
C.-ed形式“独立主格结构”
与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样,如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话,就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。
ThebookwritteninsimpleEnglish,Englishbeginnerswereabletoreadit.该书是用简单英语写的,英语初学者也能看懂。
(=AsthebookwaswritteninsimpleEnglish,Englishbeginnerswereabletoreadit.)
Theworkersworkedstillharder,theirlivingconditionsgreatlyimproved.由于工人们的生活条件大大提高,他们工作得更起劲了。
(=Astheirlivingconditionsweregreatlyimproved,theworkersworkedstillharder.)
Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,hiseyesfixedontheblackboard.他上课专心听讲,眼睛紧盯着黑板。
(=Hewaslisteningattentivelyinclass,andhiseyeswerefixedontheblackboard.)
Thetaskcompleted,hehadtwomonths'leave.任务完成以后,他休了两个月的假。
(=Whenthetaskhadbeencompleted,hehadtwomonths'leave.)
比较:
动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生,动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束,动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。
Themanagerlooksworried,manythingstosettle.经理看上去很着急,有这么多的事情要处理。
(事情还没有处理,而且是由经理本人来处理,用不定式tosettle)
Themanagerlooksrelaxed,manythingssettled.许多事情已经处理好了,经理看上去很轻松。
(事情已经处理好了,用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束)
Thefoodbeingcooked,theboywaswatchingTV.小孩一边做饭,一边看电视。
(两个动作同时进行)
Thefoodcooked,theboywenttobed.饭做好了,小孩去睡了。
(两个动作有先后,饭已做好,小孩才去睡觉的)
二、无动词