大学英语综合教程B1Unit3UnderstandingScience.docx
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大学英语综合教程B1Unit3UnderstandingScience
Unit3UnderstandingScience
TextAPublicAttitudeTowardScience
1.BackgroundInformation
BriefIntroductiontoStephenHawking
1）StephenHawking（1942-）:
ChronologyofStephenHawking
--1942BorninOxford,England.
--1958EnteredOxfordUniversityandbecameespeciallyinterestedinthermodynamics（热力学）,relativitytheory,andquantummechanics（量子力学）.
--1962Receivedabachelor’sdegreeinphysicsandthenenrolledasaresearchstudentingeneralrelativityattheUniversityofCambridge.
--1966EarnedhisPh.DdegreeattheUniversityofCambridge.StayedattheUniversityofCambridgetodopost-doctoralresearch.DiagnosedashavingAmyotrophicLateralSclerosis（ALS）（肌萎缩性骨髓侧索硬化）.
“Iamquiteoftenasked:
HowdoyoufeelabouthavingALS?
Theansweris,notalot.Itrytoleadasnormalasalifeaspossible,andnotthinkaboutmycondition,orregretthethingsitpreventsmefromdoing,whicharenotthatmany.〞
--1977Becameaprofessorofphysics.
--1979AppointedLucasianProfessorofmathematicsatCambridge,apostonceheldbyIsaacNewton.
2）MainAchievements
a）Singularity
Apointinspace-timeatwhichthespace-timecurvature（曲率）becomesinfinite.
b）blackhole
Aregionofspace-timefromwhichnothing,notevenlight,canescape.Nothingcanescapebecausegravityissostrong.
c）ABriefHistoryofTime
Oneofhisbookstomakehisworkaccessibletothepublic.
AlbertEinstein（1879-1955）
1）QuizaboutEinstein
DothequiztoseehowmuchyouknowaboutAlbertEinstein.
Inhisefforttodiscoverthegoverninglawsoftheuniverse,Einsteintriedtofindamathematicalrelationshipbetweentwonaturalforces.Whatarethey?
D
A）Electromagnetismandgravitation
B）Fission（裂变）andgravity
C）Electricityandthespeedoflight
D）Nuclearenergyandelectromagnetism
2）MonologueofEinstein
AlbertEinstein（1879-1955）:
IwasborninUlm,Germanyin1879.Asyoumayknow,1905wasabigyearforme.That’swhenIturnedtheworldupsidedown,atleastforscientists,timehadtobelookedatinawholenewway—thatNewton’sviewofspaceandtimewasinaccurate.TheseideasbecameknownasthespecialtheoryofrelativityandintroducedtheequationE=MC2.
TenyearslaterIpresentedthegeneraltheoryofrelativity.Thegeneraltheoryshowedthatgravityisnotaforce,asNewtonhadthought.Itisinsteadacurvatureofthespace-timecontinuum.
3）Doyouknow?
--Einsteincouldnotfindajobinphysicsupongraduationfromcollege,andbecameatechnicalassistantintheSwissPatentOffice.Heworkedontheoreticalphysicsinhissparetime.
--EinsteindidnotreceiveaNobelPrizeforhistheoryofrelativity.
--EinsteinimmediatelyleftGermanyfortheUnitedStatesfollowingHitler’srisetopower.
--Einsteinspentmuchofhislatercareersearchingforaunifiedfieldtheory,butwasunsuccessful.
--EinsteindeclinedthepresidencyofthesateofIsraelwhenitwasofferedtohimin1952bythesateleaders.
--Theelementeinsteinium（锿）,discoveredin1952,wasnamedinthehonorofAlbertEinstein.
Frankenstein:
Thisisahorrorfilmaboutadoctorwhobuildsamonsteroutofdeadbodypartsandbringsittolifeusingelectricity,basedonthenovelbyMaryShelley.
III.GlobalReading
1.chartcompletion
Fillinthechartbycomparingthefirst10linesofbothAlltheCabbieHadWasaLetterandPublicAttitudestowardSciencetoseestyledifferencebetweennarrationandexposition.
TextA
Paragraph
length
Sentence
length
simpleor
compound
sentences?
anypassive
voice?
anydialogue?
any3rd-
person
narrator?
Unit2
shorter
shorter
simple
no
yes
no
Unit3
longer
longer
compound
yes
no
yes
2.PartDivisionoftheText（seeStudent’sBookP69）
Parts
Lines
MainIdeas
1
1~33
Tomakeinformeddecisionsaboutchange,thepublicneedsabasicunderstandingofscience.
2
33~62
Whatcanbedonetoeducatethepublicaboutscience.
3
63~67
Withaninformedpublic,humancivilizationwillsurvive.
IV.DetailedReading
Importantwords,phrasesandsentences:
PartOne（Para.1~Para.3）
1.（L2）likely:
1）adj.probable很可能的,适宜的,可靠的,有希望的
---AnaccidentlikelytoleadtowarisreportedonTV.
2）adv.probably（Whenusedasanad.,thewordisoftenprecededby"most","morethan",or"very".Youdon'tuseitasanad.onitsown.）或许,很可能
---Ishallverylikelytobehereagainnextmonth.
Pattern:
Itislikelythat…很可能
--Itishighlylikelythathewillsucceed.
CF:
likely,possible&probable
这些词都有“可能的〞意思。
likely系常用词，指从外表迹象来看很有可能。
---Thelikelyoutcomeofthecontestvariesfrommomenttomoment.
possible指由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到，强调客观上有可能，但常会有实际希望很小的意思。
---Isitpossibletogettothecitybytrain,ormustItakeabus?
probable语气比possible强，指有根据，合情理，值得相信，带有大概，很可能的意思。
---Itisprobablethathehasforgottenourappointment.
2.（L6）dowithout:
v.managetosurvive,continue,orsucceedalthoughyoudonothavesth.youneed,want,orusu.have
没有…而设法对付过去;免除,不用
--Ican'taffordacar,so1guessI'llhavetodowithout.
--Hecan’tdowithouttheservicesofasecretary.
Collocation:
doawaywith摆脱;废除,取消
doup系上,扣上;修理;打扮
havesomethingtodowith和…有关系
havenothingtodowith和…没有关系
3.（L6）highly:
adv.
1）very很,非常
--Mr.Smithwasahighlysuccessfulsalesman.
2）toahighdegree高度地
--Hespeaksveryhighlyofyou.
--出席这次会议的大局部人是受过高等教育的女性.
Mostofthepeoplepresentatthemeetingarehighlyeducatedwomen.
CF:
highly&high
这两个词都表示“高高地〞。
highly这个副词是“高度地〞的意思，是表达程度的，指的是抽象意义上的“高〞。
修饰形容词要使用highly.
---ahighlypaidofficial薪俸优厚的官员
---thinkhighlyofsb.器重某人
---*ahighlyinfectiousdisease
high这个副词是作“高高地〞讲,是表达位置的，指的是具体意义上的“高〞。
构成复合形容词要用high.
---aimhigh向高处瞄准
---searchhighandlow到处寻找
---*ahigh-bornmerchant
其他类似的例子有:
closely&close
closely细心地,严密地
---WatchwhatIdoclosely.
---Theprisonerswerecloselyguarded.囚犯被严密看守着
close近地
---Helivesclosetotheschool.
Para.2
4.（L9）put/turntheclockback:
v.returntoasituationthatusedtoexist,usuallybecausethepresentsituationisunpleasant倒退,开倒车
---Theemploymentbillinwhichwomenarenotallowedtotakejobswillputtheclockbackfiftyyears.
---Forgetallaboutitandlooktothefuture;youcan'tturntheclockback.
5.（L10~11）Norcanonepreventfurtheradvancesinthefuture.
Whyisthissentencereserved?
Theword“nor〞hereappearsatthebeginningofthesentence.
--NorwillIdenythat.
6.（L13）bringabout:
v.make（sth.）happen使发生,致使=makehappen
---这是怎么发生的?
Whatbroughtitabout?
---Someeducatorsarehopingtobringaboutmajorchangesintheeducationalsystem.
Collocation:
bringforth产生;提出
bringforward提前;提出
bringup教育;养育;提出
Fillintheblankwiththeabovephrasesandchangetheformwherenecessary.
1）Theyproposedthatthedateofthecongressbebroughtforthafewmonths.
2）Thetreesintheorchardbringforthmanyapples.
3）Hewaswellbroughtup.
4）Atthemeetingthenextmorning,thebroughtforth/forward/upmanyproblemsanddiscussedthemonebyone.
7.（L14）inquire:
1）vt.asktobetold询问,问明,追究
---Heinquired（ofher）thereasonforbeinglateagain.
---Heaskedforhiskeyandinquiredwhethertherehadbeenanymessageforhim.
2）vi.seekinformationbyquestioning.
---我打询问有关火车时刻的事情.
Iranguptoinquireabouttraintimes.
Collocation:
inquireafter问候
inquirefor求见
inquireinto追究,调查
CF:
inquire,ask&question
这些词都有“问，询问〞的意思。
inquire是较正式的书面用词,渴望知道某人或某事确实实情况,后不接人作宾语.
---Heinquiredyourtelephonenumber.
ask是最常用词,指为了了解某人或谋事而提出问题,请别人解答或向别人打听消息.
---Excuseme.MayIaskyouaquestion?
question指对某事不断提出问题,以便了解详细情况.
---Thesuspectwasquestionedbythepolice.
8.（L15~16）Theonlywaytopreventfurtherdevelopmentswouldbeaglobalstatethatsuppressedanythingnew,andhumaninitiativeandinventivenessaresuchthateventhiswouldn’tsucceed.
1）Whatisthegrammaticalfunctionofthefirst“that〞?
Here“that〞bringsaboutanattributiveclause.
2）Whatdoesthestructure“suchthat〞heremean?
Thestructureisusedtogiveanexplanationforsomething.
--Hismannerwassuchthathewouldoffendeveryonehemet.
3）Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?
Nowaycansuppressanythingnew,ashumaninitiativeandinventivenessdoexist.
9.（L17）initiative:
n.
1）theabilitytomakedecisionsandtakeactionwithoutwaitingforsb.totellyou
whattodo主动;首创精神
---Ifyoushowthatyouhaveinitiative,youwillsoonerorlaterbepromoted.
---Theworkersareabletosolvetheproblemsontheirowninitiative.
2）usedinthephrase"taketheinitiative":
bethefirstpersontotakeactiontoimproveasituationorrelationship,esp.whenotherpeoplearewaitingforsb.elsetodosth.采取主动
---Hetooktheinitiativeinorganizingapartyafterhisbrother’swedding.
10.（L17-18）Allitwoulddoisslowdowntherateofchange.
Whyisthereno“to〞between“is〞and“slow〞?
When“do〞appearsinthesubjectofasentence,thesign“to〞ofaninfinitivewhichisusedasthepredicativecanbeomitted.
--Thefirstthinghedidwas（to）lookforaguide.
--Allwecoulddonowis（to）remaincool-headed.
11.（L18）rate:
n.
1）value,cost,speed,etc.measuredbyitsrelationtosomeotheramount.
比率;速度;价格
---Theworld'sforestsaredisappearingatanevenfasterratethanexpertshadthought.
---出生率是出生人数与人口数之比.
Thebirthrateisthenumberofbirthscomparedtothenumberofthepeople.
2）ofthe（numbered）quality等级
---afirst-rateperformer
Para.3
12.（L20）ensure:
v.makesure;guarantee.保证,确保,使平安,保证得到
---Thenewtreatywillensurepeace.
---我不能确保他能及时到这儿.
Ican’tensurethathewillbehereintime.
13.（L22）informed:
adj.knowing
升级会员 