英语的语言学试题库.docx
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英语的语言学试题库
英语语言学
Ⅰ.Directions:
Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully,DecidewhichofthefourchoicespletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.1.Thereare()mainareasofphoneticstudy.
ANSWER:
B
2.Theterm()linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.parativeD.historicalparativeANSWER:
B
3.Foreignlanguagelearningalwayscontain()
AlanguagehistoricalprocesslearningB.inputandlanguagelearning
CinterlanguageinlanguagelearningD.grammarandlanguagelearning
ANSWER:
BCD
4.Thewayinwhichpeopleaddresseachotherdependsontheirage,sex,socialgroup,andpersonalrelationship.TheEnglishsystemofaddressformsfrequentlyusedincludesfirstname,lastname,title+lastname,()andkinterm.Atitle+firstnameBtitle+titleCtitlealoneDfirstname+lastname+titleANSWER:
C
5.Featuresofthelanguageinfictionsare:
()
AstressandmetricalpatterningBspeechandthoughtpresentation
CprosestyleDanalysisofthetext
ANSWER:
BC
6.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthebehavioristviewofchildlanguageacquisition?
()ALanguageacquisitionisaprocessofhabitformationBLanguageacquisitionisthespecies-specificpropertyofhumanbeingsCChildrenarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacquirelanguageDHumansareequippedwiththeneuralprerequisitesforlanguageandlanguageuseANSWER:
A
7.Wordscanbeidentifiedintermsof()
AaminimumfreeformBstability
CrelativeuninterruptibilityDvariableornot
ANSWER:
ABC
8.Whichisnotthefeaturesoflanguage?
()
AarbitrarinessBduality
CcreativityDreplacement
ANSWER:
D
9.Approacherstosyntaxcanbe:
()
AthetraditionalapproachBthestructuralapproach
CthefunctionalapproachDthegenerativeapproach
ANSWER:
ABCD
10.Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyze()meaning.
AphonemeBwordCphraseDsentenceANSWER:
D
11.Lexicalchangecannotbearesultof()
AphonologicalchangeBsemanticchange
CanalogicalchangeDorthographicchange
ANSWER:
C
12.Thewordsthatcontainonlyonemorphemearecalled()AboundmorphemesBrootsCfreemorphemesDaffixes
ANSWER:
B
13.()isthestudyoflanguageinrelationtothemind.APsycholinguisticsBSociolinguisticsCLinguisticsDSemanticsANSWER:
A
14.Whichbelongstothemainbranchesoflinguistics?
()
AphoneticsBmetalingyCmorphologyDsyntax
ANSWER:
ACD
15.Whichdoesn’tbelongtothemainbranchesoflinguistics?
()
AphoneticsBmorphologyCmetalingyDsyntax
ANSWER:
C
16.Voicingasaqualityofspeechsoundsiscausedbythevibrationof()AthevelumBthevocalcordsCtheglottisDtheuvulaANSWER:
B
17.Senseof“word〞contains:
()
AaphysicallydefinableunitBthemonfactorunderlyingasetofforms
CanessentialformerofsentencesDagrammaticalunit
ANSWER:
ABD
18.Differentfunctionalspeechvarietiesknownasareexpectedin,say,achurchsermon,adiplomaticencounter,afamilydinner,orasportsbroadcast.AregistersBstylesCdialectsDaccentsANSWER:
A
19.Whichisnotthefeaturesoflanguage?
()
AarbitrarinessBduality
CcreativityDreplacement
ANSWER:
D
20.Westudypsycholinguisticsbecause()
Atoknowaboutpsychologicalrealityoflinguisticstructures
Btohelptheaphasics
Ctoproducefindingswhichleadtothemodificationoftheoreticalideas
Dtomakeitanewtoolforstudyingpsychology
ANSWER:
AC
Ⅱ.Directions:
Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebrackets(2%×10=20%).1.Realationsbetweenmeaningsofwordscanbesynonymy,antonymyorhyponymy.()
ANSWER:
T
2.Bothassimilationandalienationcanhappenduringphonologicalprocesses.()
ANSWER:
T
3.Phoneisaphonologicalunit.()
ANSWER:
F
4.ThedivisionofEnglishintoOldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglishisnonconventionalandnotarbitrary.()ANSWER:
F
5.ThefirstpragmatictheoryisConversationalImplicature.()
ANSWER:
F
6.FatherofmodernlinguisticsisSwissF.deSaussure.()
ANSWER:
F
7.Inthehistoryofanylanguagethewritingsystemalwayscameintobeingbeforethespokenform.()
ANSWER:
F
8.Thereismerelylittledifferencebetweendataretrievalandinformationretrieval.()
ANSWER:
F
9.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironment,heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.()
ANSWER:
T
10.Thereisnodifferencebetweendataretrievalandinformationretrieval.()
ANSWER:
F
11.Languagereferstotheabstractinnatesystem,however,parolereferstotheouteorwhatweactuallyutter/write.()
ANSWER:
T
12.Therearesomerelationsbetweenlanguageandculture,languageandsociety,buttheyarenotdeservedtospendalotoftimestudying.()
ANSWER:
F
13.Languageacquisitionisahotresearchtopictoday,andsocial,cultural,personalfactorsarealsoobservedtobeaffecting.()
ANSWER:
T
14.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense.()
ANSWER:
F
15.Realationsbetweenmeaningsofwordscanbesynonymy,antonymyorhyponymy.()
ANSWER:
T
16.Apoundisthebinationoftwowords.()
ANSWER:
F
17.Bothassimilationandalienationcanhappenduringphonologicalprocesses.()
ANSWER:
T
18.Synchronicdescribeslanguagebyanalyzingitsdevelopmentthroughdifferentperiodoftime,whilediachronicdescribesphenomenonoflanguageofacertainperiod.()
ANSWER:
F
19.Languagereferstotheabstractinnatesystem,however,parolereferstotheouteorwhatweactuallyutter/write.()
ANSWER:
T
20.Themeaningofasentenceisalwaysthesumtotalofthewordsinthatsentence.()
ANSWER:
F
Ⅲ.Directions:
Explainthefollowingterms(3%×5=15%).
1.displacement
ANSWER:
Displacement,asoneofthedesignfeaturesofthehumanlanguage,referstothefactthatonecantalkaboutthingsthatarenotpresent,aseasilyashedoesthingspresently.
2.culturaltransmission
ANSWER:
Itmeansthatlanguageisnotbiologicallytransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration,butthatthedetailsofthelinguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspeaker.
ANSWER:
Category,insomeapproachesreferstoclassesandfunctionsinitsnarrowsense,morespecifically,itreferstothedefiningpropertiesofgeneralunits.
ANSWER:
Onedesignfeatureofhumanlanguage,whichreferstothefacethattheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.
5.Vowl:
ANSWER:
Aresoundsegmentsproducedwithoutsuchobstruction,sonoturbulenceofatotalstoppingoftheaircanbeperceived.
6.lexicon:
ANSWER:
Alistofallthewordsinalanguageassignedtovariouslexicalcategoriesandprovidedwithsemanticinterpretation.
7.linguistics
ANSWER:
Linguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage,itstudiesnotjustonelanguageofanyonesociety,butthelanguageofallhumanbeings.
8.word
ANSWER:
Wordisaunitofexpressionthathasuniversalintuitiverecognitionbynativespeakers,whetheritisexpressedinspokenorwrittenform.
Ⅳ.Brieflyanswerthefollowingquestions
1.Pleaselistthe4designfeaturesoflanguage
ANSWER:
①arbitrariness②duality③creativity④displacement
2.Whydolinguistssaylanguageishumanspecific?
ANSWER:
Firstofall,humanlanguagehassix“designfeatures〞whichanimalmunicationsystemsdonothave,atleastnotinthetruesenseofthem.
Secondly,linguistshavedonealottryingtoteachanimalssuchaschimpanzeestospeakahumanlanguagebuthaveachievednothinginspiring.
Thirdly,ahumanchildrearedamonganimalscannotspeakahumanlanguage,notevenwhenheistakenbackandtaughttolotoso.
3.Whatdoesphonologystudy?
Whatisthedifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonology?
ANSWER:
Phonologystudiestherulesgoverningthestructure,distribution,andsequencingofspeechsoundsandtheshapeofsyllables.
PhoneticsisthestudyofsoundsthatthehumanvoiceiscapableofcreatingwhereasPhonologyisthestudyofasubsetofthosesoundsthatconstitutelanguageandmeaning.Thefirstfocusesonchaoswhilethesecondfocusesonorder.
4.Listthesevenfunctionsofhumanlanguages.
ANSWER:
①Informativefunction②Interpersonalfunction③Performativefunction④Metalingualfunction⑤Phaticmunionfunction⑥Recreationalfunction
⑦Emotivefunction
Ⅴ.Translation
1.Inlinguistics,itreferstothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsarebinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orsimply,thestudyoftheformationofsentences.
ANSWER:
在语言学上,它是指在一种语言中,对指导文字组合进而形成句子规如此的研究,或简言之,是对句子构成的研究.
2.puterisanelectronicmachinethatcanbeusedtomanipulatedataaccordingtoaseriesofinstructionstoredinitsmemoryandwhichcanperformplextasksinaveryshorttime.
ANSWER:
计算机是一种电子机器,它可以根据存放在内存里的一系列程序操控数据,并可以在非常短的时间内完成复杂的任务。
3.Speechsoundshadexistedlongbeforewritingwasinvented,andeventoday,insomepartsoftheworld,therearestilllanguagesthathavenowritingsystems.
ANSWER:
语音在书面写作发明以前便早已存在了,即使到了今天,世界上一些地方,仍然还只是存在语言而没有书写系统。
4.Thefactthatovertheyearsnumerousdictionarieshavebeenproducedwithaviewtoexplainingthemeaningofwordsalsobearswitnesstoitslongtradition.
ANSWER:
多年以来,无数的词典屡次提出以期解释“word〞含义的事实,也见证了其悠久的历史.
5.Languageisaproductofhumanintelligence,createdanewineachindividualbyoperationsthatliefarbeyondthereachofwillorconsciousness.
ANSWER:
语言是人类智慧的产物,通过运作被每个个体重新建构,而这种运作是远非意志或意识所与的.
6.Itishardtodefine“word〞inthescientificsense.Nevertheless,itisagreedthatthreesensesareinvolvedindefining“word〞,noneofwhich,ofcourse,issatisfactorytocopewithallthesituation.
ANSWER:
很难从科学意义上定义“单词〞,不过,在定义“单