综合英语第三册第一单元知识点.docx
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综合英语第三册第一单元知识点
IV.(PhrasePractice)
1.Theyliveduptothetruespiritofsportsmanshipthroughoutthegames.
liveupto:
tokeeptothehighstandardsof
e.g.Didthefilmliveuptoyourexpectation?
(=Wasitasgoodasyouexpected?
)
2.Westartedoffatdawnandheadedfortheseaforsurfing.
headfor:
movetowards;goto
e.g.“Whereareyouheadingfor?
”“Manchester.”
3.Theytriedtoseekoutthetruthinwhatwassaidinthenewspaper.
seekout:
Ifyouseekoutsomeoneorsomethingorseekthemout,youkeeplookingforthemuntilyoufindthem.
e.g.对于当地公司来说,现在是时候去欧洲寻求商机了。
NowisthetimeforlocalcompaniestoseekoutopportunitiesinEurope.
4.Youhavetotakeyourdaughtertohospital,asarashhasbrokenoutonherfaceandhands.
breakout:
(ofwar,fighting,disease,orsimilarlyundesirablethings)startsuddenly
e.g.
印度尼西亚爆发了森林火灾。
ForestfireshavebrokenoutacrossIndonesia.
5.Inthedarkness,I_______therightbox.gropedfor
gropefor:
feelorsearchaboutuncertainly(forsomething)byhands;searchuncertainlyorwithdifficulty(forasolution,answer,etc.)
e.g.
我在黑洞洞的屋里摸索着寻找电灯开关。
Igropeforthelightswitchinthedarkroom.
6.Iwarnedhimrepeatedlythatitwasnogood_______thatkindoftricks________me.trying…on
tryon:
puton(anarticleofclothing)tofindoutwhetheritfitsorissuitable;testtheeffectorresultof
e.g.
①你可以试试这件新上衣。
Youcantryonthisnewcoat.
②人们为什么热衷于摸彩票?
Whydopeopleliketotrytheirluckonlottery?
7.Ourheartfeltsympathies________therelativesofthevictims.gooutto
(one’sheartorsympathy)goouttosb.:
feelsympathytowardssb.andthinkaboutthem
e.g.
他非常同情布莱克曼夫人和她那没有父亲的孩子。
HisheartwentouttoMrs.Blackmanandherfatherlesschild.
8.Thedrugtraffickerswerearrestedafterthepolicewere________bythelocalresidents.tippedoff
tipoff:
giveanadvancewarningorhintto…
e.g.
他向警察告密,揭露了恐怖分子的阴谋。
Hetippedoffthepoliceabouttheterroristplot.
V.(Synonym/Antonym)
1.Addingtomydistresswasthedistinctimpressionthateveryoneoncampuswaswatchingme.
•Antonyms:
indistinct,vague
2.Withthatthoughtinmind,Iraisedmyhead,squaredmyshoulders,andsetoutinthedirectionofmydorm,glancing(andtheneversodiscreetly)atthecampusmapclutchedinmyhand.
•Synonyms:
carefully,meticulously
3.Whatconfidence,whatreserve,whatmuscles!
•Synonyms:
self-restraint,self-control
4.IspenttheafternoonseekingouteachofmyclassroomssothatIcouldmakeaperfectlytimedentrancebeforeeachlecturewithouthavingtoaskdumbquestionsaboutitswhereabouts.
•Antonyms:
clever,intelligent,sensible
5.Freshmenmanualsadvisedsittingnearthefront,showingtheprofessorinintelligentandenergeticdemeanor.
•Synonyms:
manner,behaviour
6.IwasevenmoresurprisedwhenIsawwhothepoorsoulwas:
theverycomposed,veryupperclassfootballplayerI’dseenjustdaysbefore…
•Antonyms:
excited,agitated
7.IexpectedhimtoslinkoutofthecafeteriaasIhad,butinsteadheturnedaroundandbeganpreparinganothertray.
•Synonym:
sneak
8.WhatIhadinterpretedasamaliciousattempttoembarrassanaivefreshmanhadbeenmerelyamomentofcollegefun.
•Antonyms:
mature,sophisticated
VI.
1.becamepopular2.respect3.keepup4.leadto
5.understand6.found7.use8.start
补充:
though,although
Though作连接词时,表示“虽然”、“尽管”之意,与另一连词although相同,但在使用场合上有所不同。
(一)although的语势比though强,大都用于正式的文体,指已成立的事实;though的语势较弱,一般指设想和假定的情况。
例:
Hewouldn'ttakeanumbrellaalthoughitwasalreadyraining.虽然当时已在下雨,他还是不愿意拿雨伞。
Hewouldn'ttakeanumbrellathoughitshouldraincatsanddogs. 虽然有可能会下大雨,他还是不愿意拿雨伞。
在西方,不少学者认为,although是though的强调式,正如until是till的强调式;upon是on的强调式一样。
(二)although在句中大都放在句首的位置,如放在句中(如上面一例),则表示强调的意味;though放在句首和句中均可(如上面一例,可将thoughitshouldraincatsanddogs移至句首)。
though若要加强语势时,可将位置移后形成倒装,例如:
Thoughheisyoung,…改为Youngthoughheis,…;
Thoughheispoor,…改为Poorthoughhemaybe,…;
但不能用although。
(三)although只能作连词使用;though除作连词外,还可用作副词,表示“然而”、“但是”等义,这时候,though一般放在句末。
例:
Annie'sgrandfatherlovestosmoke.Andhelikesbeertoo.It'simpossibleforhimtolivetobe100.Itwastrue,though.安妮的祖父喜欢抽烟,又喜欢饮啤酒,他不可能活到一百岁,然而,这却是真的,他活到了一百岁。
值得注意的是,中国学生由于受汉语“虽然…但是…”的影响,常犯though(although)之后与but连用的错误,但是之后可与nevertheless,still连用。
见下例:
Thoughbewasill,buthewenttoschool.(错)
Thoughhewasill,hewenttoschool.(对)
如果说话人一定要强调“但是”之意,可以在hewenttoschool之前加个副词yet。
另一点要注意的是,词组asthough、eventhough的though不能改作although,因为它们是固定词组。
在近代英语中,though作连词使用时,与although的差别已有日渐缩小的倾向,一般说来,though比although使用得普遍得多。
nevertheless“尽管如此,然而,不过,仍然”
e.g.Hewastired,buthekeptworkingnevertheless.=Hewastired;nevertheless,hekeptworking.尽管他累了,但他还继续工作。
(Pp.10-12)课本语法练习答案如下:
I.
1.c2.d3.b4.f5.a6.e7.h8.g
II.
1.Mydecisiontoresignwaswise.
2.Theirreadinesstoacceptthepeaceagreementreallysurprisedthediplomaticworld.
3.Mydeterminationtopassthetesthelpedme.
4.Herfailuretogetintocollegedisappointedherparents.
5.Mywillingnesstocooperatewasappreciated.
6.Hisrefusaltohelpsurprisedme.
7.Theproposalthatweshouldimportmoreequipmentistobediscussedatthemeeting.
8.Whocanhavetoldyouthatpuzzlesme.
III.
1—4DBCC5—8ABDB
IV.
1.IspenttheafternoonseekingouteachofmyclassroomssothatIcouldmakeaperfectlytimedentrancebeforeeachlecture.
2.Heworeglassesandafalsebeardsothatnobodywouldrecognizehim.
3.ThestrangerspokeveryslowlysothatIcouldunderstandwhathesaid.
4.Shelockedthedoorsothatshewouldn’tbedisturbed.
5.Johnwhisperedsothatotherscouldn’thearhim.
6.Pleasearriveearlysothatwecanstartthemeetingontime.
7.Johnhasboughtabicyclesothathemaysavemoneyonbustravel.
8.Thelecturershowedsomeslidessothathemightillustratehispoint.
V.
1.Although/Though2.yet3.however/though4.however/nevertheless/though
5.Although/Though;still/nevertheless6.Despite/Inspiteof
7.although/though8.however9.However10.Despite/Inspiteof
VI.
1.Wehavetogetthecarfixednomatterhowmuchitcosts.
Youcan’tgoinnomatterwhoyouare.
2.Hefinishedallthepaperworkatfiveo’clock,gettingup,refillingtheteapot,thenhiscup.Andaddingatouchofskimmedmilk.
Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.
Writing(p.15)
EssayWriting
1.AnIntroduction
Differentkindsofessays:
descriptive,narrative,expositive,persuasive(orargumentative)
Structuralfeatures:
adefinablebeginning,middleandending;acentralidea(orthethesis)
Whatmakesagoodessay:
TaskResponse
CoherenceandCohesion
LexicalResource
GrammaticalRangeandAccuracy
Fullyandappropriatelyexplain/prove/discussthethesiswithclear,relevantandwell-supportedideasinrequiredlength
Informationandideasarewellorganized,presentedandlinked
Awiderangeofvocabularyusedinanaccurateandappropriatemannerforthetask
Awiderangeofstructuresusedinanaccurateandappropriatemannerforthetask
2.Sample
WhyKing’sCollege?
①ThisparagraphwillexplainwhyIamgoingtoKing’sCollege.②ThefirstreasonIgotoKCisthatitissmall.③Theclassesareeasytogettoontime,andifIhavetoruntothelibrary,Icangettherequickly.④Second,KCislocatedinasmalltown.⑤IcanwalkanywhereIwanttogo.⑥Third,thecostofgoingtoKCislow,andmostofthebooksarecheckedouttothestudentsinthelibrary.⑦Fourth,theinstructorsarefriendlyandeasytofindduringtheirofficehours.⑧ThisparagraphhasexplainedwhyIamattendingKing’sCollege.
SampleAnalysis
Thesampleisaone-paragraphessay.
Sentence①constitutesthebeginningoftheessayandalsoservesasitsthesis.
Sentences②-⑦aresupportingideasandmakeupitsbody.
Sentence⑧istheendofthisessayandreiteratesitsmainidea.
3.Practice
Writeaone-paragraphessayonthegiventopic:
WhyIKept________asMyPet.
Sample
WhyIKeptaCatasMyPet
Mostpeoplechoosetokeepcatsastheirpetsforsomesimilarreasons.Firstandforemost,Ithinkcatsarecute.Ilovetoseemycatmewingtobefed.Anditseemscatscandoalotofthingswiththeirbody.Theycurlupandburytheirfacewhentheysleep.Theyarchtheirbackinafrightenedanddefensivemode.Andevenfashionmodelstrytoimitate“cat’swalk”.Second,catsarecleananimals.Theydoatidy-upaftertheyeat.Theycanbetrainedtousecatlitterwhentheyhavetopeeandshitindoors.Third,catsarebetterthandogsinasensethatyoudon’thavetowalkthem,whichcansavemealotoftrouble.Keepingpetscanbearatherpersonalchoiceandmyfirstpetcatwasgivenbymyfatherasabirthdaygift.
Translation(P.13)
I.
1.事实上,不管我如何摆出一副成熟的样子,我感觉自己还是有一点大一新生的菜鸟气。
2.新生手册上建议坐在前排,在教授面前摆出一幅聪敏、朝气的架势。
3.整整三天,我独自品尝的只有耻辱和羞愧。
偏巧门口有台快餐机,于是那三天我吃的全是里面各色垃圾食品。
4.我曾以为那些笑声是恶意捉弄菜鸟新生的,原来那不过是大学校园里的开心一刻。
II.
1.听到他屡遭失败的消息,我感到很难过。
(distress)
Explanation
Ifyoudistresssomeone,youupsetthembydoingorsayingsomethingthatcausesthemtofeelunhappyoralarmed.
Translation
Itdistressedmeagreatdealtohearthenewsthathehadsufferedrepeatedfailures.
Practice
①如果我问了你的这一切使你感到苦恼,我很抱歉。
I’msorryifI’vedistressedyoubyaskingallthis.
②请不要自寻烦恼。
Pleasedon’tdistressyourself.
2.他虽然失去了老板的欢心,但仍然装出一副高兴的样子。
(assume)
Explanation:
Ifyouassumeaparticularexpressionorwayofbehaving,youlookorbehaveinthiswaydeliberatelyinordertogivepeopleaparticularimpression.
Translation
Heassumedanairforcheerfulness,eventhoughhelostfavorwithhisboss.
Practice
①文职官员们装出一副军人的样子。
Civilservantsassumeacertainmilitaryair.
②他装出一副悔过的样子。
Heassumedanexpressionofpenitence.
3.格列佛(Gulliver)经历了冒险奇遇,见到了各色奇异的人物。
(assortment)
Translation
Gullivermetwithextra