职称英语理工类A真题及答案.docx

职称英语理工类A真题及答案.docx

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职称英语理工类A真题及答案

2015职称英语理工类A真题及答案（完整版）

　　第1部分：

词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

　　1.Iwillnot tolerate thatsortofbehaviorinmyclass.

　　A.controlB.observeC.regulateD.accept

　　2.Sheshowedanatural aptitude forthework.

　　A.senseB.talentC.flavorD.taste

　　3.Mostpeoplefind rejection hardtoaccept.

　　A.excuseB.clientC.refusalD.destiny

　　4.Theorganizationwas bold enoughtofacethepress.

　　A.pleasedB.powerfulC.braveD.sensible

　　5.Theywerelockedin mortal combat.

　　A.deadlyB.openC.actualD.active

　　6.Wewereattractedbythe lure ofquickmoney.

　　A.amountB.supplyC.temptD.sum

　　7.Theprocedureswereperceivedascomplexandless transparent.

　　A.clearB.necessaryC.specialD.correct

　　8.TheStockExchangeisin turmoil followingahugewaveofselling.

　　A.ServiceB.dangerC.disorderD.threat

　　9.HebelievesthatEuropemustchangeoritwill perish.

　　A.surviveB.lastC.dieD.move

　　10.Therewasa simultaneous trialtakingplaceinthenextbuild.

　　A.fairB.fullC.coexistingD.public

　　11.Theypromote assimilation ofethnicgroupsintothemain-streamculture.

　　A.policyB.valueC.equalityD.integration

　　12.Asalesman’s cardinal ruleistosatisfycustomers.

　　A.principalB.officialC.simpleD.legal

　　13.Imust compliment youonyourhandlingofaverydifficultsituation

　　A.silenceB.praiseC.assureD.complain

　　14.Welivedforyearsina perpetual stateoffear

　　A.emotionalB.nervousC.terribleD.Continuous

　　15.Thestarvingchildrenwerea pathetic sight.

　　A.commonB.unexpectedC.unforgettableD.pitiful

　　第2部分：

阅读判断（第16～22题，每题l分，共7分）

　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

　　LackofOxygenDelayedtheRiseofAnimalsonEarth

　　Scientistshavelongspeculatedastowhyanimalspeciesdidn’tflourishsooner,oncesufficientoxygencoveredtheEarth’ssurface.AnimalsbegantoprosperattheendoftheProterozoicperiod,about800millionyearsago—butwhataboutthebillion-yearstretchbeforethat,whenmostresearchersthinktherealsowasplentyofoxygen?

　　Well,itseemstheairwasn’tsogreatthen,afterall.

　　InastudypublishedOct.31inScience,YaleresearcherNoahPlanavskyandhiscolleaguesfoundthatoxygenlevelsduringthe“boringbillion”periodwereonly0.1%ofwhattheyaretoday.Inotherwords,Earth’satmospherecouldn’thavesupportedadiversityofcreatures,nomatterwhatgeneticadvancementswerepoisedtooccur.

　　“Thereisnoquestionthatgeneticandecologicalinnovationmustultimatelybebehindtheriseofanimals,butitisequallyunavoidablethatanimalsneedacertainlevelofoxygen,”saidPlanavsky,co-leadauthoroftheresearchalongwithChristopherReinhardoftheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology.“We’reprovidingthefirstevidencethatoxygenlevelswerelowenoughduringthisperiodtopotentiallypreventtheriseofanimals.”

　　Thescientistsfoundtheirevidencebyanalyzingchromium（Cr）isotopesinancientsedimentsfromChina,Australia,Canada,andtheUnitedStates.ChromiumisfoundintheEarth’scontinentalcrust,andchromiumoxidationisdirectlylinkedtothepresenceoffreeoxygenintheatmosphere.

　　Specifically,theteamstudiedsamplesdepositedinshallow,iron-richoceanareas,neartheshore.Theycomparedtheirdatawithothersamplestakenfromyoungerlocalesknowntohavehigherlevelsofoxygen.

　　Oxygen’sroleincontrollingthefirstappearanceofanimalshaslongvexedscientists.“Weweremissingtherightapproachuntilnow,”Planavskysaid.“Chromiumgaveustheproxy.”Previousestimatesputtheoxygenlevelat40%oftoday’sconditionsduringpre-animaltimes,leavingopenthepossibilitythatoxygenwasalreadyplentifulenoughtosupportanimallife.

　　Inthenewstudy,theresearchersacknowledgedthatoxygenlevelswere“highlydynamic”intheearlyatmosphere,withthepotentialforoccasionalspikes.However,theysaid,“Itseemsclearthatthereisafirst-orderdifferenceinthenatureofEarthsurfaceCrcycling”beforeandaftertheriseofanimals.

　　“Ifweareright,ourresultswillreallychangehowpeopleviewthe originsofanimalsandothercomplexlife,andtheirrelationshipstothe co-evolvingenvironment,”saidco-authorTimLyonsoftheUniversityofCalifornia-Riverside.“Thiscouldbeagamechanger.”

　　“There’salotofinterestrightnowinabroaderdiscussionsurroundingtherolethatenvironmentalstabilityplayedintheevolutionofcomplexlife,andwethinkourresultsareasignificantcontributiontothat,”Reinhardsaid.

　　16.ThestudydiscoveredtheriseofanimalsoccurredearlierthantheProterozoicperiod.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　17.Manyresearchersbelievetheoxygenlevelwashighduringpre-animaltimes.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　18.Theteamwasfundedbyseveralresearchinstitutes.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　19.Geneticadvancementstriggeredtheriseofanimals.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　20.Thesamplesstudiedintheresearchwerecollectedinoceanareas.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　21.ThestudyrevealedthatchromiumfoundinEarth’scontinentalcrustremainedstablebeforeandaftertheriseofanimals.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　22.TimLyonslikedtoplaycomputergamesinhissparetime.

　　A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

　　第3部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23—30题，每题1分，共8分）

　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：

（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题;

（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

　　FirstImage-recognitionSoftware

　　1.DartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificialintelligencesoftwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargreateraccuracythaneverbefore.

　　2.Thenewsystem,whichwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedtovideos,showsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm（运算法则）forimagerecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientenoughtoimprovelarge-scaledocumentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixel（像素）datainimagesandpotentiallyvideo—ratherthanjusttext—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned（收集）fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptions（图片说明）,makingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.

　　3."Overthelast30years,"saysAssociateProfessorLorenzoTorresani,aco-authorofthestudy,"theWebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodern,massive,fast-growingmultimediadataset,wherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesorvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpage,heimmediatelygetsthegist（主旨）ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.Yet,surprisingly,allexistingpopularsearchengines,suchasGoogleorBing,stripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWebpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch."

　　4.Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed—thatextractssemantic（语义的）informationfromthepixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries（查询）onadatabaseof50millionWebpages.Theyselectedthetext-retrievalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthatthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext.

　　23.Paragraph1____

　　24.Paragraph2____

　　25.Paragraph3____

　　26.Paragraph4____

　　A.Functionofthenewsystem

　　B.Improvementindocumentretrieval

　　C.Publicationofthenewdiscovery

　　D.Problemsoftheexistingsearchengines

　　E.Popularityofthenewsystem

　　F.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecreated

　　27.Thenewsystemdoesdocumentretrievalby____.

　　28.Thenewsystemisexpectedtoimproveprecisionin____.

　　29.Whenperformingdocumentretrievaltheexistingsearchenginesignore____

　　30.Thenewsystemwasfoundmoreeffectiveindocumentsearchthanthe____

　　A.usingphotos

　　B.descriptionoftheHTMLpage

　　C.currentpopularsearchengines

　　D.documentsearch

　　E.informationinimages

　　F.machinevisionsystems

　　第4部分：

阅读理解（第31—45题，每题3分，共45分）

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

　　第一篇FaceMasksMayNotProtectfromSuper-Flu

　　IFasuper-flustrikes,facemasksmaynotprotectyou.Whetherwidespreaduseofmaskswillhelp,orharm,duringthenextworldwidefluoutbreakisaquestionthatresearchersarestudyingfuriously.Noresultshavecomefromtheirmaskresearchyet.However,thegovernmentsayspeopleshouldconsiderwearingthemincertainsituationsanyway,justincase.

　　Butit’saquestionthepublickeepsaskingwhilethegovernmentaremakingpreparationsforthenextflupandemic.SotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention（CDC）cameupwithpreliminaryguidelines.“Wedon’twantpeoplewearingthemeverywhere,”saidtheCDC.“Theoverallrecommendationreallyistoavoidexposure.”

　　Whenthat’snotpossible,theguidelinessaytoconsiderwearingasimplesurgicalmaskifyouareinoneofthethreefollowingsituations.First,you’re