建筑专业外文翻译智能建筑.docx

建筑专业外文翻译智能建筑.docx

《建筑专业外文翻译智能建筑.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《建筑专业外文翻译智能建筑.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

建筑专业外文翻译智能建筑

附录二英文原文

IntelligentBuilding

1、General

AnIntelligentBuildingisoneconceivedanddesignedwithanintegratedflexibleandmodularcommunicationcablinginfrastructurecapableofaccommodatingtheneedsofinformationintensiveusersforadvancedinformationtechnologyandservices.

Everincreasingoccupationdensitiesaswellastheexponentialdevelopmentandquasiuniversaluseofpersonalcomputerscoupledtomarketglobalizationandcommunicationcapabilities,overthepast20years,haverenderedtheIntelligentBuilding（IB）conceptapriorityconsiderationintheplanningofneworupgradedOfficebuildings.

Evolutiontowardsnewsocialpriorities,forthemoreeducatedofficeworkeroftoday,hasalsoledtosubstantialincreasesinenvironmentalissuedemandsandstandards.Socialstudiesrevealedadirectrelationshipbetweenusersatisfactionintheworkplaceandproductivity.Individualcontrolcapabilityofambientconditions,ateachworkstation,wasidentifiedasamajorelementleadingtousersatisfaction.

TechnologicaldevelopmentsandcostattenuationsthroughtechnologicaldevelopmentandproductavailabilityhavenowrenderedtheIntelligentBuildingaviableandajustifiableoptionfromastrictcosttobenefitaspect.

2、Overview

DefinitionsfortheIntelligentBuildingconceptstillvarybutthemostaccepteddescriptionistheoneproducedbytheBarcelona-basedInstitutdefonsCerdà:

“Abuildingwhichincorporatesinformationsystemsthatsupporttheflowofinformationthroughoutthebuilding,offeringadvancedservicesofbusinessautomationandtelecommunications,allowingfurthermoreautomaticcontrol,monitoringmanagementandmaintenanceofthedifferentsubsystemsorservicesofthebuildinginanoptimumandintegratedway,localand/orremote,anddesignedwithsufficientflexibilitytomakepossibleinasimpleandeconomicalwaytheimplementationoffuturesystems.”

Totheuninitiated,theperceptionofabuilding’sdegreeofintelligenceistoooftencorrelatedwiththesophisticationlevelofitsEnergyManagementandControlSystem（EMCS）anditsCommunicationssystem.However,tobeeffective,itmustalsoencompassitsmechanicalandelectricalsystemsordertominimizecostsandmaximizeefficiency.TherewouldbelittlepointindevelopingidealEMCSanditsCommunicationsystemsfortheoccupantsifHVAC,Lightingandothersystemsannotmeetandsatisfytheneedsoftheoccupants.InanewIBinstallationweshouldexpectthefollowingfeatures:

•High-speedfibreopticcommunicationnetworktrunkfordata,videoandBAS.

•FlexibleHVACsystemwithmodulardistributionand100%outdoorair

capabilitytotakeadvantageoffreecoolingaswellastoallowflushingof

thebuildingtodilutevolatileoff-gassingcontaminants;

•AdvancedintegratedEnergyManagement&ControlSystem（EMCS）

utilizingdirectdigitalcontroltechnologyforHVAC,Lighting,FireAlarmandotherbuildingsupportsystems;

•DedicatedcircuitpowerdistributionnetworkcompletewithUninterruptablePowerSupplyunits;

•Generousstandbypowergeneration;

•Highefficiencyfiltration,energyrecuperationand/orthermalstoragefeaturestoimproveindoorairqualityandenergyconsumptionperformance;

•Networkedmulti-useraccessincorporatingstructuredpasswordprotection;

•Maximumtransparencyandcommunicationcapabilitiesbetweensubsystems;

•ElectricaldesignfeaturestailoredtoIntelligentBuilding;

•IndividuallycontrolledHVACterminalunitsallowingoccupantcontrolflexibilitythroughIntelligentTerminalsControllersateachworkstation.

Inretrofitbuildingswewouldexpectvariationsoftheabovefeaturesbasedonanowningandoperatingeconomicalanalysistakingintoaccounttheexistingservicesandthebenefitsensuingthroughtheirreplacementand/orupgrade.Majorretrofits,particularlythoseinvolvingdesignsdatingback20yearsormore,aregenerallydictatedbyacombinationofthefollowing:

•Newcoderequirements,

•Updatedindoorairqualitystandards,

•Revisedenergyefficiencyguidelines,

•IncreasedinternalelectricalrequirementsassociatedtothegeneralizeduseofPCs.

•Revisedbuildinguse.

TheaveragelifecycleofmostM&Einstallationsis20yearsversusanaveragebuildinglifecycleof50years.Theseretrofits,therefore,oftendictateacompleterevampingoftheexistingM&Einstallationswellbeforethebuilding’slifecyclehasexpired.Thisfrequentlyoffersanopportunitytoupgradethebuilding’ssupportsystemstoIBstandards.

3、History

TheIBconceptsurfacedintheearly80'sandgenerallyadvocatedextensiveuseofelaboratecentralizedelectronicsystemstofacilitatecontrolofbuildingsupportandcommunicationsystemsforvoiceanddata.TheinitialconceptpromotedcommunicationnetworkstoallowcentralizedwordprocessingservicesandlimitedinteractionbetweenindividualoccupantsandtheBuildingAutomationSystemsthroughtouchtonephonestooverridelocalHVACsetpointsandlightingschedules.Buildersandownerswerepressuredtodevelopintelligentbuildings,inspiteofthehighpremiumcosts,atthattime,forprestigereasonsandforenhancedrentalpotential.

TheBuildingAutomationSystemandtheCommunicationSystemindustryaswellasotherspecializedinterestgroupssoondevelopedspecificproductsandapplicationstomeetandfacilitatetheimplementationoftheIntelligentBuildingconcept.ThesedevelopmentscoupledtotheburgeoningPersonalComputermarketdevelopmenthavesincereducedcostpremiumsdrasticallyandgreatlyimprovedtheensuingbenefitsforIntelligentBuildings.TheIBconceptisnowwellacceptedandappliedinEurope,AsiaandNorthAmerica.

4、Futuretrends

TheformerIntelligentBuildingInstitute（IBI）foundationadvocated,afewyearsago,aneedtorecognize,infuturebuildingdesigns,thetransitionfromnationaleconomiestoacombinationoflocalandglobaleconomiesandthereforetheneedtofacilitateeachemployee’saccesstoglobalcommunicationnetworks.Theypredictedthatinformationtechnologyaccesswillprovidethebiggestsingleimpetusforchangeintheofficeenvironment.Thispredictionhasnowbecomeareality.

IBIalsopredictedthatenvironmentalissuesandparticularlyIndoorAirQuality（IAQ）werebecomingaprimaryconcerninthedesignofthenewofficebuildings.Improvedairfiltrationandincreasedairchangewerepinpointedasmajorconcernsinadditiontoflexibleambientroomconditioncontrol.

OtherstudiesperformedrecentlyrevealthattheuseofPersonalEnvironmentControllersformerlycalledIntelligentTerminalControllersorhasmeasurablyincreasedoccupantsatisfactionintheworkplaceonanumberofpilotprojectinstallations.PECsareacombinationofmechanical,electricalandcontroldevicesdevelopedfortheworkstationenvironmentcontrolandconceivedtoprovidetheoccupantwiththemeanstodefineandinteractontemperaturesetpoints,airflowvolumeanddiffusionpatternsaswellaslightinglevelsaffectingproductivityandusersatisfaction.ThesestudieshaveassociatedimprovedproductiontotheuseofIntelligentTerminalsControllers.

5、IntelligentBuildingModel

TheIBmodelstructurehasbeensubdividedintosevensystemswhichmaybeinterfacedtovaryingdegrees.Thesesystemsare...

·HeatingVentilatingandAirConditioning（HVAC）system;

·LightingSystem;

·ElectricalPowerDistributionsystem;

·VerticalTransportSystem;

·SecuritySystem;

·LifeSafetySystem;

·CommunicationsSystem;

ThegeneralobjectiveoftheIntelligentBuildingSystemistoregroupcontrolofthesesubsystemsandfacilitateinterchangebetweenthemtothemaximumjustifiableextentwhilemaintainingmaximalinitialandfuturecompetitivebiddingpossibilitiesofeachcomponentaswellasallowingdependentandtimelyupgradingofeachsystemasnewtechnologiesevolveinitsparticularfield.

TheIBconceptalsoattemptstocombine,whereverpossible,thecablingnetworksforthesesubsystemsinordertominimizecostsandfacilitateintercommunicationorallowfutureupgrading.

EffortsarebeingdeployedbetweenASHRAE,IEEE,AEEandthecomputerindustrytodevelopuniversalcommunicationprotocolstandards.Itisnotexpected,however,thatuniversalstandardswillbecomearealityforanotherdecade.Thecablingstructuremustthereforebeconceivedtoaccommodatetheforeseeablerequirementswithminimaldisturbanceandcostwhenandifuniversalstandardsmaterialize.Thefavouredbackbonecommunicationcablingtechnologyatthistimefavorsfibreoptictechnology,becauseofitshighspeedcommunicationpotential.

6、FacilitiesManagement

numberoffacilitymanagementprogramsareavailableonthemarket.Theyvaryincomplexityaswellasintheirabilitytointegratecomplexsystemssuchas:

·CADdrawingrecordsoffloorandofficelayouts;

·Furnitureinventory;

·MaintenancemanagementprogramsforM&Eequipment

·Preventivemaintenanceofbuildingstructures;

·Realtimedataacquisitiononequipmentruntime;

·Dynamicenergyconsumptiontotalspertenant;

·Historicaldatastorage;

·Costcontrolandbudgetingcapabilities;

·Analyticalprograms.

TheIntelligentBuilding’sroleinthissystemistoallowcommunicationbetweentheoverallfacilitymanagementprogramandspecializedmanagementsub-programssuchastheEMCS,theM&EMaintenanceManagementorthePreventiveMaintenancetogatherdataorconveyusercomplaints.hiscommunicationflexibilityinIBinstallationsallowstheallocationofspecificmanagementsystemsonthebasisofareasofspecialization,

competenciesorindividualbuildingsofacomplexwhilemaintainingcapabilitiesforoverallcentralizationofdataandcontrol.

TheIBcommunicationcapabilitiescanalsofacilitateintercha