CET4 写做方法及套路新.docx
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CET4写做方法及套路新
写作方法及套路
1.列举法
1)重要性
要说明一系列的事实或观点时,中国人喜欢把最重要的放在首位以突出重点。
西方人则不然,他们喜欢把最次要的放在最前面,最重要的放在最后面,运用递进法使展开部分达到高潮,旨在给读者留下深刻印象。
当然,西方人也不排斥跌降法,即从最重要的到最不重要的。
例如:
TheSuccessfulInterview
Tobesuccessfulinajobinterview(orforthatmatterinalmostanyinterviewsituation),theapplicantshoulddemonstratecertainpersonalandprofessionalqualities.Inasmuchasthefirstandoftenlastingimpressionofapersonisdeterminedbytheclotheshewears,thejobapplicantshouldtakecaretoappearwell-groomedandmodestlydressed,avoidingtheextremesoftooelaborateortooattire.Besidescareforpersonalappearance,heshouldpaycloseattentiontohismannerofspeaking,whichshouldbeneitherostentatiousnorfamiliarbutratherstraightforward,grammaticallyaccurate,andfriendly.Inaddition,heshouldbepreparedtotalkknowledgeablyabouttherequirementsofthepositionforwhichheisapplyinginrelationtohisownprofessionalexperienceandinterests.Andfinally,thereallyimpressiveapplicantmustconveyasenseofself-confidenceandenthusiasmforwork,factorswhichallinterviewersvaluehighly.Thejobseekerwhodisplaysthesecharacteristics,withjustalittleluck,willcertainlysucceedinthetypicalpersonnelinterview.
以下是常用的列举重要性的过渡信号:
(1)表示“首先”。
如:
first,firstly,firstofall,tobeginwith
(2)表示“第二”、“此外”“其次”、“况且”。
second,secondly,and,besides,moreover,additionally,furthermore,what’smore,
inaddition,besides+名词短语,inadditionto+名词短语,another+名词短语,
anadditional+名词短语
(3)表示“最后”。
如:
finally,last,lastly
(4)表示“最重要的是”。
如:
aboveall,mostimportantofall
(5)表示“总之”、“总而言之”。
如:
Inconclusion,insummary,toconclude,tosummarize,tosumup,inshort,inbrief,inaword
(6)表示“综上所述”。
如:
fromtheforegoing,fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,fromtheaboveanalysis.
2)利弊类:
事物总是一分为二的,万事皆有利有弊,进行对比。
表示利弊的过渡信号:
tobeginwith,moreserious,evenworse,tomakemattersworse,mostseriousofall,worstofall.
套路1:
Recently,__________(所要讨论的问题)arepopulararoundus.Likeeverythingelse,________(所要讨论的主题)hasbothpositiveandnegativeaspects.Generally,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.
Firstly,__________(第一个好处).Inaddition,_______(第二个好处).Aboveall,______________
(第三个好处)。
Buteverycoinhastwosides.Theunfavorableaspectsarealsoapparent.Tobeginwith,________________(第一个坏处)Tomakemattersworse,____________.(第二个坏处).Worstofall________________________
(第三个坏处)。
Fromtheforegoing,Ibelievethatthedisadvantagesoutweightheadvantages.Therefore,________________(结论).(OwingPrivateCars).
套路2:
Nowadays,______________________(所要讨论的主题)playsanimportantpartinpeople’slife.Likeeverythingelse,___________(所要讨论的主题)hasbothfavorableandunfavorableaspects.Generally,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.
First,______________________________(第一个好处).Besides,_____________________________________(第二个好处).Mostimportantofall,_________________________(第三个好处).
Buteverycoinhastwosides.Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent.Tobeginwith,__________________________(第一个坏处).Tomakematterworse,_________________________(第二个坏处).Worstofall,_________________________(第三个坏处).
Fromtheaboveanalysis,Ibelievethattheadvantagesoutweighthedisadvantages.Therefore,______________(结论).(ATM)
套路3:
Nowadays,_________________(所要讨论的主题)playsanimportantroleinourdailylife.Likeeverythingelse,_________(所要讨论的主题)hasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Thefollowingaresomepositiveaspectsthat___________(所要讨论的主题)maydemonstrate.
Firstofall,___________________(第一个好处).Moreimportant,________________(第二个好处).Mostimportantofall,_____________(第三个好处).
Buteverycoinhastwosides.Thenegativeaspectsof____________(所要讨论的主题)arealsoobvious.Tobeginwith,____________(第一个坏处).Moreserious,_____________________(第二个坏处).Worstofall,_____________________(第三个坏处).
Nowtheconclusionisself-evident.Alongwithitsbenefits,___________(所要讨论的主题)hasalsosomeproblems.Therefore,_______________(结论).(Television)
套路4:
_______________________________(概括句,说明目前的现象)Aseverycoinhastwosides,__________(所要讨论的主题)isnoexception.Generallytheadvantagesof_______________(所要讨论的主题)canbelistedasfollows.
Firstly,______________________(第一个好处).Furthermore,_______________________________(第二个好处).Mostimportantofall,_____________________(第三个好处).
Whilewementiontheadvantagesof_______________(所要讨论的主题),wecannotignoreitsdisadvantages.Forexample,________________________(第一个坏处).Tomakemattersworse,___________________(第二个坏处).Worstofall,_________________________________________________(第三个坏处).
Inconclusion,whethergoodorbad,thetendencythat_______________________________(具体说明什么趋势)cannotbestoppedatleastinafewyearsahead.Therefore,_________________________________________(结论).(Internet)
套路5:
____________________________________________(概述句,说明目前的现象)Aseverycoinhastwosides,______________(所要讨论的主题)arenoexception.
First,_________________________(第一个好处).Also,___________________(第二个好处).Mostimportantofall,______________(第三个好处).
Whilelistingtheadvantages,weshouldnotforgetitsdisadvantages.Forexample,_______________(第一个坏处).Besides,______________________(第二个坏处).Worstofall,___________________(第三个坏处).
Inconclusion,whethergoodorbad,thetrendthat____________________________(具体说明什么趋势)willprevailforalongtime,_______________________________________(原因加结论).(TheEducationFundsforMiddleSchoolStudentsinShanghai)
套路6:
________________________________(概括句,说明目前的现象)Itisimportantforpeopletorealizethat____________(说要讨论的主题)hasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.
Ontheplusside,____________________________(列举好处).Ontheminusside,_________________________________(列举坏处).
Indeed,__________________(承认好处).However,thekeypointishowtomakegooduseofitspositiveaspectsandavoiditsnegativeaspects.(HomeComputer)
3).方法类(Howto…)
解决问题要讲究方法。
方法有多种多样,可以按照时间的先后排列,也可以按照轻重缓急排列。
以下是列举方法的套路:
套路1:
______________________________________(目前的现象及存在的问题).Manywayscancontributeto_______________(要解决的问题),butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective.
Firstofall___________________(第一种方法).Besides,___________________(第二种方法).Finally,___________________(第三种方法).
Thesearenottheonlythreepointsyoushouldpayattentionto.Butitshouldbenotedthat____________________(使用这些方法时要注意的事项).(HowtoGetalongwithColleagues)
套路2:
______________(想做而难做的事).To______________(要达到的目的),Icansuggestseveralwaysasfollows.
Oneoftheseis__________________________(第一种方法).Anotherapproachis________________________(第二种方法).Afurtherway_________________(第三种方法).Ifyoucandoasabove,_________________(展望).(HowtoMakeYourselfHappy).
套路3:
__________________________________(目前的现象及存在的问题).Tosolvethisthornyproblem,severalmethodscanbeadopted.
Oneoftheseisthat_________________________(第一种方法).Anotherapproachis______________(第二种方法).Furthermore,__________________________(第三种方法).
Inconclusion,thewaysIhavementionedaboveshouldneverbeseparatedfromeachother.___________________________________(希望).(HowtoSolvetheHousingProblem)
套路4:
_____________________________(想做而难做的事).Thefollowingapproachescanhelpyou______________(要达到的目的).
First,_______________________________(第一种方法).Anotherapproachis__________________________________(第二种方法)___________________(第三种方法)isalsoaneffectiveway,because______________________________________
Inbrief,ifyoucan______________________________________________(总结上述三种方法).(ActoutYourConfidence)
二、举例法
通常说明文章主题的一个最简洁、最有效的方法是用例证。
一般来说,作者先作一个笼统的陈述,然后用例证作具体、生动的阐述,使读者更好地把注意力集中到作者的论证中。
在写作中,可以用一个具体的例证来展开文章的主题思想。
例如:
Opportunity
Itiscommonlybelievedthatopportunityisnotequaltoeveryone,butIwanttosaytheworldisfullofopportunities.
Toillustrate,themomentyouwerebornyouwereofferedthefirstopportunitytoliveinthisworld.Actually,yougotthebiggestopportunityintheuniverse.Nowyouarewonderfullyalive.Youcansense,youcanperceive,youcanthink,youcanact,andyoucanmakethingshappen.Youhaveaccesstoaworldfullofresources,andyouhavethetimeeachdaytomakethemostofthem.Withdesiretopushyouforwardandwisdomtokeepyousteady,youcanbe,anddo,andexperience,andgoto,andbecomewhateveryoudecide.Theshortcomingsanddisappointmentsyouhaveexperiencedarenothingcomparedtothepossibilitiesyounowcangrasp.
Therefore,auniversefilledwithopportunitybeginspreciselywhereyouarerightnowandspreadsoutinfinitelyinalldirections.Thehigheryoureach,thehigheryouwillgo.Themoreyouputintoyourlife,themoremagnificentitwillbecome.
文章的过渡信号:
Toillustrate,Forexample,Forinstance,Acaseinpointis…,Therefore,Fromtheaboveexample,Inconclusion,Inshort
究竟用单项例子还是多项例子应视情况而定。
一般来说,多项例子要比单项例子更具有说服力,但是一个具有代表性且能清楚说明主题的例子要比一连串表面的、非典型的例子更有效。
假如文章的主题思想较复杂,最好用单项例子进行充分展开。
反之,则最好用多项例子,但这些例子必须与主题密切相关。
三、因果关系法
因果关系法使用一些事实或理论作为依据来解释和论证某种现象或结果。
通常先把结果提出来,然后解释其原因;或者先列出原因,再说明其结果。
不管要说明原因还是结果,结构是相仿的。
若要说明原因,先把结果提出来;若要说明结果,先把原因提出来。
在大学英语四级考试的写作题目中,要说明原因的很多。
例如,“说明中国人饮食变化的原因”(1991.6),“我最喜爱的电视或无线电节目的原因”(1993.6),“为什么有些人在该说‘不’的时候不说‘不’”(1999.1)等。
很多题目没有直接要求写明原因,但在写作时,还是要分析原因。
以下是说明原因的套路:
套路1:
___________________________________________(提出论点).Thereasonsarelistedasfollows:
First,____________________________________(第一个原因).Additionally,___________________________(第二个原因).Third,_______________________________(第三个原因).
Therefore,_________________________________(结论).(HelpwithHouseholdTask)
套路2:
____________________________________________(目前的现象).Therearemanyreasonsfor______________(所要讨论的主题)butingeneraltheycomedowntothreemajorones.
Foronething,___________________________