MBA专业英语术语汇总.docx

MBA专业英语术语汇总.docx

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MBA专业英语术语汇总

MBA专业术语汇总

A

Ability-to-payprinciple能力纳税原则

Theideathattaxesshouldbeleviedonapersonaccordingtohowwellthatpersoncanshouldertheburden

Absoluteadvantage绝对优势

Thecomparisonamongproducersofagoodaccordingtotheirproductivity

Aggregate-demandcurve总需求曲线

Acurvethatshowsthequantityofgoodsandservicesthathouseholds,firms,andthegovernmentwanttobuyatanypricelevel

Aggregate-supplycurve总供给曲线

Acurvethatshowsthequantityofgoodsandservicesthatfirmschoosetoproduceandsellatanylevel

Appreciation升值

Anincreaseinthevalueofacurrencyasmeasuredbytheamountofforeigncurrencyitcanbuy

Automaticstabilizers自动稳定器

Changesinfiscalpolicythatstimulateaggregatedemandwhentheeconomygoesintoarecessionwithoutpolicymakershavingtotakeanydeliberateaction

Averagefixedcost平均固定成本

Fixedcostsdividedbythequantityofoutput

Averagerevenue平均收益

Totalrevenuedividedbythequantitysold

Averagetaxrate平均税率

Totaltaxespaiddividedbytotalincome

Averagetotalcost平均总成本

Totalcostdividedbythequantityofoutput

Averagevariablecost平均可变成本

Variablescostsdividedbythequantityofoutput

Accelerator加速数

theeffectonGDPoftheincreaseininvestmentthatresultsfromanincreaseinoutput.Forinstance,thegreateroutputleadsafirmtobelievethatthedemandforitsproductswillriseinthefuture;theresultingincreaseininvestmentleadstogrowthinoutputandstillfurtherincreasesininvestment,acceleratingtheexpansionoftheeconomy

Acquiredendowments后天禀赋

resourcesacountrybuildsforitself,likeanetworkofroadsoraneducatedpopulation

Adaptiveexpectations适应性预期

expectationsbasedontheextrapolationofeventsintherecentpastintothefuture

aggregateexpendituresschedule总支出曲线

acurvethattracesouttherelationshipbetweenexpenditures--thesumofconsumption,investment,governmentexpenditures,andnetexports--andthenationalincome,atafixedpricelevel

antitrustlaws反托拉斯法

lawsthatdiscouragemonopolyandrestrictivepracticesandencouragegreatercompetition

arbitrage套利

theprocessbywhichassetswithcomparablerisk,liquidity,andtaxtreatmentarepricedtoyieldcomparableexpectedreturns

adverseselection逆向选择

principlethatsaysthatthosewhomostwanttobuyinsurancetendtobethosemostatrisk,butchargingahighpriceforinsurance（tocoverthehighrisk）willdiscouragethoseatlessriskfrombuyinginsuranceatall

asset资产

anyitemthatislong-lived,purchasedfortheserviceitrendersoveritslifeandforwhatonewillreceivewhenonesellsit

assistanceinkind实物援助

publicassistancethatprovidesparticulargoodsandservices,likefoodormedicalcare,ratherthancash

asymmetricinformation信息不对称

asituationinwhichthepartiestoatransactionhavedifferentinformation,aswhenthesellerorausedcarhasmoreinformationaboutitsqualitythenthebuyer

autonomousconsumption自主消费

thatpartofconsumptionthatdoesnotdependonincome

averagecosts平均成本

thetotalcostsdividedbythetotaloutput

averageproductivity平均产量

totalquantitydividedbythetotalquantityofinput

B

Benefitsprinciple受益原则

Theideathatpeopleshouldpaytaxesbasedonthebenefitstheyreceivefromgovernmentservices

Bond债券

Acertificateofindebtedness

Budgetconstraint预算约束

Thelimitontheconsumptionbundlesthataconsumercanafford

Budgetdeficit预算赤字

Anexcessofgovernmentspendingovergovernmentreceipts

Budgetsurplus预算盈余

Anexcessofgovernmentreceiptsovergovernmentspendin

barrierstoentry进入障碍

factorsthatpreventfirmsfromenteringamarket,suchasgovernmentrulesorpatents

basiccompetitivemodel基本竞争模型

themodeloftheeconomythatpullstogethertheassumptionsofself-interestedconsumers,profitmaximizingfirms,andperfectlycompetitivemarkets

bequestsavingsmotive储蓄的遗产动机

peoplesavesothattheycanleaveaninheritancetotheirchildren

Bertrandcompetition伯特兰竞争

anoligopolyinwhicheachfirmbelievesthatitsrivalsarecommittedtokeepingtheirpricesfixedandthatcustomerscanbeluredawaybyofferinglowerprices

bilateraltrade双边贸易

tradebetweentwoparties

boom繁荣

aperiodoftimewhenresourcesarebeingfullyusedandGDPisgrowingsteadily

C

Capital资本

Theequipmentandstructuresusedtoproducegoodsandservices

Capitalflight资本外流

Alargeandsuddenreductioninthedemandforassetslocatedinacountry

Cartel卡特尔

Agroupoffirmsactinginunison

Catch-upeffect追赶效应

Thepropertythatcountriesthatstartoffpoortendtogrowmorerapidlythancountriesthatstartoffrich

Centralbank中央银行

Aninstitutiondesignedtooverseethebankingsystemandregulatethequantityofmoneyintheeconomy

Ceterisparibus其它条件相同

ALatinphrase,translatedas'otherthingsbeingequal,'usedasareminderthatallvariablesotherthantheonesbeingstudiedareassumedtobeconstant

Circular-flowdiagram循环流向图

Avisualmodeloftheeconomythatshowshowdollarsflowthroughmarketsamonghouseholdsandfirms

Classicaldichotomy古典二分法

Thetheoreticalseparationofnominalandrealvariables

Closedeconomy封闭经济

Aneconomythatdoesnotinteractwithothereconomiesintheworld

Coasetheorem科斯定理

Thepropositionthatifprivatepartiescanbargainwithoutcostovertheallocationofresources,theycansolvetheproblemofexternalitiesontheirown

Collectivebargaining集体谈判

Theprocessbywhichunionsandfirmsagreeonthetermsofemployment

Collusion勾结

Anagreementamongfirmsinamarketaboutquantitiestoproduceorpricestocharge

Commoditymoney商品货币

Moneythattakestheformofacommoditywithintrinsicvalue

Commonresources共有资源

Goodsthatarerivalbutnotexcludable

Comparableworth同工同酬

Adoctrineaccordingtowhichjobsdeemedcomparableshouldbepaidthesamewage

Comparativeadvantage比较优势

Thecomparisonamongproducersofagoodaccordingtotheiropportunitycost

Compensatingwagedifferential补偿性工资差别

Adifferenceinwagesthatarisestooffsetthenonmonetarycharacteristicsofdifferentjobs

Competitivemarket竞争市场

Amarketwithmanybuyersandsellerstradingidenticalproductssothateachbuyerandsellerisapricetaker

Complements互补品

Twogoodsforwhichanincreaseinthepriceofonegoodleadstoadecreaseinthedemandfortheothergood

Constantreturnstoscale规模收益不变

Thepropertythatlong-runaveragetotalcoststaysthesameasthequantityofoutputchanges

Consumerpriceindex消费物价指数

Ameasureoftheoverallcostofthegoodsandservicesboughtbyatypicalconsumer

Consumersurplus消费者剩余

Abuyer'swillingnesstopayminustheamountthebuyeractuallypays

Consumption消费

Spendingbyhouseholdsongoodsandservices,withtheexceptionofpurchasesofnewhousing

Cost成本

Thevalueofeverythingasellermustgiveuptoproduceagood

Cost-benefitanalysis成本—收益分析

Astudythatcomparesthecostsandbenefitstosocietyofprovidingapublicgood

Crowding-outeffect挤出效应Theoffsetinaggregatedemandthatresultswhenexpansionaryfiscalpolicyraisestheinterestrateandtherebyreducesinvestmentspending

Currency通货

Thepaperbillsandcoinsinthehandsofthepublic

Cyclicalunemployment周期性失业

Thedeviationofunemploymentfromitsnaturalrate

capitalgain资本增值

theincreaseinthevalueofanassetbetweenthetimeitispurchasedandthetimeitissold

capitalmarket资本市场

themarketinwhichsavingsaremadeavailabletoinvestors

categoricalassistance分类帮助

publicassistanceaimedataparticularcategoryofpeople,liketheelderlyorthedisabled

causation因果关系

relationshipthatresultswhenanchangeinonevariableisnotonlycorrelatedwithbutactuallycausesthechangeinanotherone

centralplanning中央计划

thesysteminwhichcentralgovernmentbureaucrats（asopposedtoprivateentrepreneursorevenlocalgovernmentbureaucrats）determinewhatwillbeproducedanhowitwillbeproduced

centralization集权

organizationalstructureinwhichdecisionmakingisconcentratedatthetop

centrallyplannedeconomy中央计划经济

aneconomyinwhichmostdecisionsaboutresourceallocationaremadebythecentralgovernment

certificateofdeposit（CD）存单

accountinwhichmoneyisdepositedforapresetlengthoftime,thatmustyieldaslightlyhigherreturntocompensateforthereducedliquidity

circularflow循环流程

howfundsmovethroughthecapital,labor,andproductmarketsbetweenhouseholds,firms,thegovernment,andtheforeignsector

classicaleconomists古典经济学家

economistsprevalentbeforetheGreatDepressionwhobelievedthatthebasiccompetitivemodelprovidedagooddescriptionoftheeconomyandthatifshortperiodsofunemploymentdidoccur,marketforceswouldquicklyrestoretheeconomytofullemployment

classicalunemployment古典失业

unemploymentthatresultsfromtoo-highrealwages;itoccursinthesupplyconstrainedequilibrium,sothatrightwardsshiftsinaggregatesupplyreducethelevelofunemployment

competitiveequilibriumprice竞争性均衡价格

thepriceatwhichthequantitysuppliedandthequantitydemandedareequaltoeachother

consumerprotectionlegislation消费者保护法

lawsaimedatprotectingconsumers,forinstancebyassuringthatconsumershavemorecompleteinformationaboutitemstheyareconsideringbuying

consumersovereignty消费者权益

theprinciplethatholdsthateachindividualisthebestjudgeofwhatmakeshimbetteroff

consumptionfunction消费函数

therelationshipbetweendisposableincomeandconsumption

contingencyclauses应变条款

statementswithinacontractthatmakethelevelofpaymentortheworktobeperformedconditionaluponvariousfactors

corporateincometax公司所得税

ataxb