高考英语二轮复习第一部分阅读理解篇专题1阅读理解第4讲主旨大意类练案192.docx

高考英语二轮复习第一部分阅读理解篇专题1阅读理解第4讲主旨大意类练案192.docx

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高考英语二轮复习第一部分阅读理解篇专题1阅读理解第4讲主旨大意类练案192

专题一　阅读理解

第四讲　词义猜测类

真题验证

（2017·天津，C）

Thismonth,Germany'stransportminister,AlexanderDobrindt,proposedthefirstsetofrulesforautonomousvehicles（自主驾驶车辆）.Theywoulddefinethedriver'sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost.

Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles:

thegreyareabetweensemi－autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture.

Dobrindtwantsthreethings:

thatacaralwayschoosesproperty（财产）damageoverpersonalinjury;thatitneverdistinguishesbetweenhumansbasedonageorrace;andthatifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthedrivingwheel—tocheckemail,say—thecar'smakerisresponsibleifthereisacrash.

“Thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving，”saysDobrindt.Itwillputfullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers,hesays.

Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumersandlawyers.“Theliability（法律责任）issueisthebiggestoneofthemall，”saysNatashaMeratattheUniversityofLeeds,UK.

AnassumptionbehindUKinsurancefordriverlesscars,introducedearlierthisyear,insiststhatahuman“bewatchfulandmonitoringtheroad”ateverymoment.

Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars.“Whenyousay‘driverlesscars’，peopleexpectdriverlesscars，”Meratsays.“Youknow—nodriver.”

Becauseoftheconfusion,Meratthinkssomecarmakerswillwaituntilvehiclescanbefullyautomatedwithouthumanoperation.

Driverlesscarsmayendupbeingaformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown,saysRyanCaloatStanfordUniversity,California.ThatishappeningintheUKandSingapore,wheregovernment－provideddriverlessvehiclesarebeinglaunched.

ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS,however.“Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere，”saysCalo.

文章大意：

这是一篇议论文。

随着无人驾驶车辆的逐步推广，无人驾驶车辆出现事故时的责任认定成为一个难题。

德国交通部长提出了第一套自主驾驶车辆的交通法规，并就此提出了自己的主张。

❶　Whatdoesthephrase“deathvalley”inParagraph2referto？

____D____

A．Aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown.

B．Acasewherepassingalawisimpossible.

C．Anareawherenodrivingispermitted.

D．Asituationwheredrivers'roleisnotclear.

解析：

考查推理判断。

根据下文“thegreyareabetween...thedriverlessfuture”对“死亡谷”的解释，可知这里的“死亡谷”指的是：

半自动驾驶与完全无人驾驶的汽车之间的这片中间区域（界线不明、难以界定的领域），故应指驾驶员的角色不明朗的情景，D项描述与之吻合。

❷　TheproposalputforwardbyDobrindtaimsto____B____.

A．stoppeoplefrombreakingtrafficrules

B．helppromotefullyautomaticdriving

C．protectdriversofallagesandraces

D．preventseriouspropertydamage

解析：

考查推理判断。

根据第三段提到德国交通部长希望的三件事以及第四段说交通道路法规中关于自主驾驶车辆的这种变化将会允许完全自主驾驶的车辆投入使用（permitfullyautomaticdriving）可知，选B。

❸　Whatdoconsumersthinkoftheoperationofdriverlesscars？

____D____

A．Itshouldgettheattentionofinsurancecompanies.

B．Itshouldbethemainconcernoflawmakers.

C．Itshouldnotcausedeadlytrafficaccidents.

D．Itshouldinvolvenohumanresponsibility.

解析：

考查推理判断。

题干询问消费者（乘客）对于无人驾驶汽车的看法，在谈到谁应承担无人驾驶车辆的责任时，第七段说，当你说无人驾驶车辆的时候，人们以为是没有司机，从这些信息可以推断出，消费者在这种情况下会觉得没有为无人驾驶车辆的安全问题负责的人，故选D。

❹　Driverlessvehiclesinpublictransportseenobrightfuturein____C____.

A．Singapore　B．theUK

C．theUSD．Germany

解析：

考查细节理解。

在谈到无人驾驶车辆在各国的前景时，最后两段谈到在英国和新加坡，由政府提供的无人驾驶车辆正在投入使用，但是在美国这种情况就会很糟糕（godownpoorlyintheUS），在这里，认为政府会接管无人驾驶车辆，把它们作为对公众有益的事物，这是完全行不通的（wouldgetabsolutelynowhere），由此推断，作者觉得这种无人驾驶车辆在美国没有发展前景。

故选C。

❺　Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？

____A____

A．AutonomousDriving:

WhoseLiability?

B．FullyAutomaticCars:

ANewBreakthrough

C．AutonomousVehicles:

DriverRemoved!

D．DriverlessCars:

RootofRoadAccidents

解析：

考查主旨大意。

全文把德国交通部长的提议作为引入，讲述了无人驾驶车辆的法律责任的认定，无人驾驶车辆在遇到车祸时首先应该保障的是车辆还是乘客的安全等问题，因此选A。

（2017·全国Ⅰ，C）

Someoftheworld'smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO（UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization）recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying（联合）voiceacrosscultures.

Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.

It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchange__that__.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.

“Jazzseemslikeit'snotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite，”MorantellsNationalPublicRadio'sreporterNealConan.“WhatI'mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackorwhiteanymore.It'sactuallycolorful,andit'sactuallydigital.”

Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.“Themusiccan'tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame，”saysMoran.

Lastyear,MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFatsWaller'smusicforadanceparty,“justtokindofputitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuchasitisconcertmusic，”saysMoran.“Forme,it'stherecontextualization.Inmusic,wheredoestheemotion（情感）lie?

Arewe,ashumans,gaininganyinsight（感悟）onhowtotalkaboutourselvesandhowsomethingasabstractasaCharlieParkerrecordgetsusintoadialogueaboutouremotionsandourthoughts?

Sometimeswelosesightthatthemusichasawidercontext，”saysMoran,“soIwanttocontinuethosedialogues.ThosearethethingsIwanttofoster.”

文章大意：

本文介绍了举办第一届国际爵士乐日的宗旨、当前爵士乐面临的挑战以及如何让爵士乐重新流行的设想。

❻　WhydidUNESCOsetApril30asInternationalJazzDay？

____D____

A．Torememberthebirthofjazz.

B．Toprotectculturaldiversity.

C．Toencouragepeopletostudymusic.

D．Torecognizethevalueofjazz.

解析：

考查细节理解。

根据第一段的第二句“UNESCO（UnitedNationsEducational，ScientificandCulturalOrganization）recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic，itssignificance，anditspotentialasaunifying（联合）voiceacrosscultures”可知，联合国教科文组织近来把4月30日设立为国际爵士乐日，旨在增强人们对爵士乐价值的认识，故答案为D。

❼　Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto？

____C____

A．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.

B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.

C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.

D．Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.

解析：

考查代词指代。

根据语境可知，画线词that指代上段“Despitethecelebrations，though，intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder，andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。

故选C。

❽　WhatcanweinferaboutMoran'sopiniononjazz？

____C____

A．Itwilldisappeargradually.

B．Itremainsblackandwhite.

C．Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.

D．Itchangesevery50years.

解析：

考查推理判断。

根据第五段的内容尤其是“Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame”可知，由于时代在改变，人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变，所以爵士乐应该随着时代改变，才能吸引更多的听众。

故选C。

❾　Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext？

____A____

A．ExploringtheFutureofJazz

B．TheRiseandFallofJazz

C．TheStoryofaJazzMusician

D．CelebratingtheJazzDay

解析：

考查主旨要义。

本文介绍了为保护爵士乐，联合国教科文组织设立国际爵士乐日。

纵观全文内容尤其是第三至第六段中提到的杰森·莫兰对爵士乐的看法及希望可知，A项“探索爵士乐的未来”作本文标题最佳。

（2017·江苏，B）

Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother'svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitcomestoembryoniclearning（胎教）,birdscould__rule_the_roost__.Asrecentlyreportedin　TheAuk:

OrnithologicalAdvances　，somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch（孵化）.New－bornchickscanthenimitatetheirmom'scallwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.

Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular“feedme！

”call.

Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearcherssoughtthered－backedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firsttheycollectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Acomputeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks,rankingthembysimilarity.

Itturnsoutthatbabyred－backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs,themoresimilarwerethebabies'beggingcalls.Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom'svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.

Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignalneurological（神经系统的）strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn.“Asaparent,doyouinvestinqualitychildren,ordoyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed？

”Kleindorferasks.“Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”

文章大意：

研究发现胎教并非人类独有，一些鸟儿在这方面做得甚至更出色。

　TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means“____B____”．

A．betheworstB．bethebest

C．betheasbadD．bejustasgood

解析：

考查词义猜测。

根据句中的转折词But与下文提到的鸟类在胎教方面做得很出色可知选择B。

　WhatareKleindorfer'sfindingsbasedon？

____A____

A．Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.

B．TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.

C．T