高考英语二轮复习第一部分阅读理解篇专题1阅读理解第4讲主旨大意类练案192.docx

1、高考英语二轮复习第一部分阅读理解篇专题1阅读理解第4讲主旨大意类练案192专题一阅读理解第四讲词义猜测类真题验证(2017天津，C)This month, Germanys transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the drivers role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives migh

2、t be lost. The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semiautonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injur

3、y; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheelto check email, saythe cars maker is responsible if there is a crash.“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving，” says Dobrindt. It will

4、 put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all，” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.An

5、assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say driverless cars， people expect driverless cars，”

6、Merat says. “You knowno driver.”Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California.

7、That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where governmentprovided driverless vehicles are being launched.That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here，” says Calo.文章大意：这是

8、一篇议论文。随着无人驾驶车辆的逐步推广，无人驾驶车辆出现事故时的责任认定成为一个难题。德国交通部长提出了第一套自主驾驶车辆的交通法规，并就此提出了自己的主张。What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to？_D_AA place where cars often break down.BA case where passing a law is impossible.CAn area where no driving is permitted. DA situation where drivers role is not

9、clear.解析：考查推理判断。根据下文“the grey area between.the driverless future”对“死亡谷”的解释，可知这里的“死亡谷”指的是：半自动驾驶与完全无人驾驶的汽车之间的这片中间区域(界线不明、难以界定的领域)，故应指驾驶员的角色不明朗的情景，D项描述与之吻合。The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to_B_.Astop people from breaking traffic rulesBhelp promote fully automatic drivingCprotect drivers of al

10、l ages and racesDprevent serious property damage解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段提到德国交通部长希望的三件事以及第四段说交通道路法规中关于自主驾驶车辆的这种变化将会允许完全自主驾驶的车辆投入使用(permit fully automatic driving)可知，选B。What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars？_D_AIt should get the attention of insurance companies.BIt should be the main conc

11、ern of law makers.CIt should not cause deadly traffic accidents.DIt should involve no human responsibility.解析：考查推理判断。题干询问消费者(乘客)对于无人驾驶汽车的看法，在谈到谁应承担无人驾驶车辆的责任时，第七段说，当你说无人驾驶车辆的时候，人们以为是没有司机，从这些信息可以推断出，消费者在这种情况下会觉得没有为无人驾驶车辆的安全问题负责的人，故选D。Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in _C_.

12、ASingapore Bthe UKCthe US DGermany解析：考查细节理解。在谈到无人驾驶车辆在各国的前景时，最后两段谈到在英国和新加坡，由政府提供的无人驾驶车辆正在投入使用，但是在美国这种情况就会很糟糕(go down poorly in the US)，在这里，认为政府会接管无人驾驶车辆，把它们作为对公众有益的事物，这是完全行不通的(would get absolutely nowhere)，由此推断，作者觉得这种无人驾驶车辆在美国没有发展前景。故选C。What could be the best title for the passage？_A_AAutonomous Dri

13、ving: Whose Liability?BFully Automatic Cars: A New BreakthroughCAutonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed!DDriverless Cars: Root of Road Accidents解析：考查主旨大意。全文把德国交通部长的提议作为引入，讲述了无人驾驶车辆的法律责任的认定，无人驾驶车辆在遇到车祸时首先应该保障的是车辆还是乘客的安全等问题，因此选A。(2017全国，C)Some of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris

14、 and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.Despite the cel

15、ebrations, though, in the US. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Its Jason Morans job to help change _that_. As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music mo

16、re accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like its not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radios reporter Neal Conan. “What Im hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black or w

17、hite anymore. Its actually colorful, and its actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music cant be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is

18、 not the same，” says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Wallers music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music，” says Moran. “For me, its the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(

19、情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context，” says Moran, “so I want to continue tho

20、se dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”文章大意：本文介绍了举办第一届国际爵士乐日的宗旨、当前爵士乐面临的挑战以及如何让爵士乐重新流行的设想。Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day？_D_ATo remember the birth of jazz.BTo protect cultural diversity.CTo encourage people to study music.DTo recognize the value of jazz.解析：考查细节理解

21、。根据第一段的第二句“UNESCO(United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music，its significance，and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures”可知，联合国教科文组织近来把4月30日设立为国际爵士乐日，旨在增强人们对爵士乐价值的认识，故答案为D。What does the underlined word

22、 “that” in paragraph 3 refer to？_C_AJazz becoming more accessible.BThe production of jazz growing faster.CJazz being less popular with the young.DThe jazz audience becoming larger.解析：考查代词指代。根据语境可知，画线词that指代上段“Despite the celebrations，though，in the US.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow ol

23、der，and the music has failed to connect with younger generations”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。故选C。What can we infer about Morans opinion on jazz？_C_AIt will disappear gradually.BIt remains black and white.CIt should keep up with the times.DIt changes every 50 years.解析：考查推理判断。根据第五段的内容尤其是“It has

24、to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same”可知，由于时代在改变，人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变，所以爵士乐应该随着时代改变，才能吸引更多的听众。故选C。Which of the following can be the best title for the text？_A_AExploring the Future of JazzBThe Rise and Fall of JazzCThe Story of a Jazz MusicianDCelebrating the Jazz Day解析：考查主旨要

25、义。本文介绍了为保护爵士乐，联合国教科文组织设立国际爵士乐日。纵观全文内容尤其是第三至第六段中提到的杰森莫兰对爵士乐的看法及希望可知，A项“探索爵士乐的未来”作本文标题最佳。(2017江苏，B)Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mothers voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning (胎教), bi

26、rds could _rule_the_roost_. As recently reported in The Auk: Ornithological Advances， some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch (孵化). Newborn chicks can then imitate their moms call within a few days of entering the world. This educational method was first observed in 20

27、12 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothersa s

28、ound that served as their regular “feed me！” call.To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the redbacked fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatch

29、ing. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.It turns out that baby redbacked fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers

30、 had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their moms voice were rewarded with the most food.This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could

31、 signal neurological (神经系统的) strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn. “As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need？” Kleindorfer asks. “Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”文章大意：研究发现胎教并非人类独有，

32、一些鸟儿在这方面做得甚至更出色。The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“_B_”Abe the worst Bbe the bestCbe the as bad Dbe just as good解析：考查词义猜测。根据句中的转折词But与下文提到的鸟类在胎教方面做得很出色可知选择B。What are Kleindorfers findings based on？_A_ ASimilarities between the calls of moms and chicks. BThe observation of fairy wrens across Australia. CT