北师大必修3Unit 8 Adventure限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.docx
《北师大必修3Unit 8 Adventure限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《北师大必修3Unit 8 Adventure限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句.docx(12页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
北师大必修3Unit8Adventure限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
●限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句有四大区别
一、在句中作用不同
限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用,使该词的含义更具体,更明确。
限制性定语从句不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。
非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,只是对其作一些附加说明,不起限定制约作用。
如果将非限制性定语从句省去,主句的意义仍然完整。
二、外在表现形式不同
限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切,所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切,所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
例1.Thisistheplacewhereheusedtolive.
例2.Mr.Zhang,whocametoseemeyesterday,isanoldfriendofmine.
在例1中,定语从句与先行词关系密切,为限制性定语从句,不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
在例2中,定语从句与先行词关系不密切,为非限制性定语从句,可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
三、先行词内容有所不同
大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语,而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句,此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导。
例:
1.Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.
由语境可知,令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由which引导定语从句。
例:
2.Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.
由语境可知,令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语”这整个一件事,因此先行词为整个主句,此时应由which引导非限制性定语从句。
四、关系词的使用情况有所不同
(一)that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句
所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句,大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句,但that不可。
例如:
他没通过这次考试,令我很失望。
误:
Hedidn'tpasstheexam,thatdisappointedme.
正:
Hedidn'tpasstheexam,whichdisappointedme.
值得注意的是,不少同学误认为只有which才能引导非限制性定语从句,这个观点是不正确的。
使用非限制性定语从句时,如果先行词指人,则用who,whom或whose引导非限制性定语从句;先行词指物可用which引导非限制性定语从句;先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时,可用when,where引导非限制性定语从句。
例1.We'llgraduateinJuly,whenwewillbefree.
例2.LastSundaytheyreachedNanjing,whereaconferencewastobeheld.
(二)关系代词替代情况不同
关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替whom,但whom在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。
例:
1.ThisisthegirlwhomImetinthestreet.
先行词thegirl在限制性定语从句中作宾语,可用who代替whom.
例:
2.Ayoungmanhadanewgirlfriend,whomhewantedtoimpress.
先行词anewgirlfriend在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,不可用who代替whom.
在限制性定语从句中,先行词指人时可用that代替who/whom,但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时,不可用that代替who/whom.
例:
她有一个姐姐,她是教师。
误:
Shehasasister,thatisateacher.
正:
Shehasasister,whoisteacher.
(三)关系代词省略情况不同
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去,非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。
例1.Thisisthebook(which/that)helostyesterday.
先行词thebook在限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词which或that可以省略。
例2.Thebook,whichhelostyesterday,hasbeenfound.
先行词thebook在非限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词which不可省。
(四)as引导定语从句时的用法
①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame…as,such…as结构中。
e.g.Iwantthesameshirtasmyfriend’s.
SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.
我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。
②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用来修饰整个句子。
通常用下列句型:
asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。
e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.
3)as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别
①当主句和从句语义一致时,用as;反之,用which来引导非限制性定语从句。
e.g.Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected.
Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.
②当非限制定语从句为否定时,常用which引导。
e.g.Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn’tlikeatall.
2.定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词,中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。
这种定语从句叫做分隔性定语从句
e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.
4.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+which”来代替。
e.g.October1,1949wasthedayonwhich(=when)thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
5.当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时,短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。
e.g.Thesickmanwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.
6.介词在关系代词前,只能用which和whom,且不能省略;介词在句尾,关系代词可以省略。
●定语从句练习、
一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句:
1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.
2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.
3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.
4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon’tstudyhard.
5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.
6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.
7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.
8.Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.
9.Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.
10.Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.
11.Hereisthegirl.Herbrotherworksinthisshop.
12.That’sthechild.Wewerelookingathisdrawingjustnow.
13.Thisistheboy.Hissisterisafamoussinger.
14.Iwanttotalktotheboys.Theirhomeworkhaven’tbeenhandedin.
15.Isthatthewoman?
Herdaughterisinmyclass.
16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse.Infrontofitgrewmanybananatrees.
17.Theypassedafactory.Atthebackofthefactorytherewerericefields.
18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.
19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasatemple.
20.Shecameintoabigroom.Inthemiddleofitstoodalargetable.
二、根据句子意思,用介词+关系代词whom或which完成下列句子.
1.Theperson________________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.
2.Thepencil________________hewaswritingbroke.
3.WuDong,________________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.
4.Thetwothings________________MarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.
5.Herbag,________________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.
6.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,________________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.
三、选择填空:
1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.
A.whoB.whichC.whomD.when
2.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.
A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which
3.Becauseofmypoormemory,all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as
4.Doyourememberthosedays____wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who
5.Tomttookawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as
6.Those____wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD.when
7.Whereistheman____Imetthismorning?
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who
8.Whoisthewoman____issweepingtheflooroverthere?
A.whoB./C.thatD.when
9.Theman____youtalkedjustnowisaworker.
A.whoB.whomC.towhomD.towho
10.Theman____youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfather’sneighbour.
A.withwhomB.whenC.towhomD.which
11.Thedoctor____isleavingforAfricanextmonth.
A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalking
C.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking
12.Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.
A.whichyoushowedB.youshowedhim
C.youshowedD.whereyoushowed
13.Hetalkedaboutahero____noonehadeverheard.
A.ofwhomB.fromwhomC.aboutthatD.who
14.InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.
A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which
15.Haveyoureadthebook____Ilenttoyou?
A.thatB.whomC.whenD.whose
16.Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything____hehadstolentothepolice.
A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.all
17.Theforeignguests,____weregovernmentofficials,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.
A.mostofthemB.mostofthatC.mostofwhomD.mostofthose
18.Thisistheveryletter____camelastnight.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as
19.Iknowonlyalittleaboutthismatter;youmayask____knowsbetterthanI.
A.whoeverB.whomeverC.anyoneD.theone
20.Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.
A.whereB./C.whenD.what
21.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.onwhich
22.Nearbyweretwocanoes____theyhadcometotheisland.
A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD./
23.Jackispleasedwith____youhavegivenhimandall____youhavetoldhim.
A.that,whatB.what,thatC.which,whatD.that,which
24.Doyouworknearthebuilding____colourisyellow?
A.thatB.whichC.itsD.whose
25.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.
A.whomB.whoC.towhomD.formwhom
26.Isthisschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?
A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.where
27.Isthistheschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?
A.theoneB.whereC.inwhichD./
28,Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass____homesareinthecountry?
A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which
29.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.
A.itB.whichC.thatD.he
30.ThetrainwascrowdedandIhadtogetintoacarriage____alreadysevenotherpeople.
A.whentherewereB.whichtherewere
C.thattherewereD.wheretherewere
31.Iliveinthehouse____windowsfacesouth.
A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.that
32.----Whatgameispopularwiththem?
----The____mostistennis.
A.gametheylikeitB.gametheylike
C.bestgametheylikeD.bestgametheylikeit
33.Theystayedwithmethreeweeks,____theydrankallthewineIhad.
A.whichB.whichtimeC.duringwhichD.duringwhichtime
34.Theroom____MrWhitelivesisnotverylarge.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
35.Don’tforgettheday____youwerereceivedintotheYouthLeague.
A.whenB.thatC.atwhichD.where
36.I’vefinishedwritingthenovel,____istobepublishednextmonth.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when
37.Hereturnedhomesafeandsoundafterafiercebattle,____wasunexpected.
A.whichB.asC.thatD.it
38.____isknowntoall,Englishisnotverydifficulttolearn.
A.WhatB.AsC.ThatD.Which
39.Theoldmanhadthreesons,allof____diedduringWorldWarⅡ.
A.whoseB.thatC.whomD.who
40.Ihaveboughttwopens,____writewell.
A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhich
C.bothofwhichD.allofwhich
41.Doyouknowthereason____shehaschangedhermind?
A.whyB.whichC.forthatD.ofwhich
42.Hefailedintheexam,____provesthathewasn’tworkinghardenough.
A.whichB.whatC.itD.that
43.Duringtheweek____hetriedtocollectmaterialsforhisarticle.
A.followingB.followedC.tofollowD.thatfollowed
44.____wasexpected,hesuccee