翻译语法.docx
《翻译语法.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《翻译语法.docx(25页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![翻译语法.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2023-5/31/8eb2515f-6837-4fc3-85ff-35e4001c6413/8eb2515f-6837-4fc3-85ff-35e4001c64131.gif)
翻译语法
英语四级翻译练习
翻译题型有三大考点:
1.固定搭配考点:
名词与动词搭配,形容词与名词搭配,动词与副词的修饰关系,名词与介词搭配,固定词组以及固定表达
2.核心语法考点:
虚拟语气,倒装结构、从句、非谓语动词等。
3.核心动词以及动词短语的考查。
虚拟语气一:
由“if”引导的虚拟句子
(1).与现在的事实相反:
[If---+were/did---,---+woulddo]
(2).与过去的事实相反:
[If---+haddone---,---+wouldhavedone]
(3).与将来的事实可能相反:
[If---+shoulddo/weretodo---,---+woulddo]
虚拟语气二:
用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中
从句谓语形式为:
“---(should)+dosth”(在美语中should常省去)。
类似用法的动词有:
insist(坚持),suggest(建议),order(命令),propose(建议),demand(要求),command(命令),advise(建议),desire(要求、请求),request(请求),require(需要、要求),ask(要求),prefer(宁愿),recommend(推荐),arrange(安排),advocate(拥护、提倡),maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。
虚拟语气第三种:
用在表示必须、重要、令人惊奇、可能(不可能)等意义的形容词作表语的句型中
“It+be+important(,necessary,natural,essential,strange,absurd,amazing,annoying,desirable,surprising,vital,advisable,anxious,compulsory,crucial,imperative,eager,fitting,possible,impossible,improper,obligatory,probable,preferable,strange,urgent等,以及insisted,suggested,ordered,requested,arranged,recommended等)+that---”结构中的that引导的主语从句中用should+动词原形
虚拟语气四:
用在Itistimethat---结构中,表示“该干某事了”,含建议的意思,用动词过去式,或者should+do
Itistime(that)wewenttobed.咱们该睡觉了。
注意:
time前可加about(表示“大约”)或high(表示“强调”)等。
虚拟语气五
对过去的事实进行推测由might/could/must/couldn'thavedone/been
对目前的状态推测might/may/mustbe
虚拟语气六
表示”本应该”\“本来可能”发生而实际并没有发生的情况:
should/could/mighthavedone
HemighthavecaughttheflighttoTokyo,buthewasdelayedbyatrafficjam.
倒装1
1.当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装,如不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。
Onlywhenyouhaveobtainedsufficientdatacanyoucometoasoundconclusion.只有当你获得足够的数据时,你才能得出正确的结论。
2.never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。
这类词或词组常用的有:
never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,notuntil,bynomeans,undernocircumstances,undernocondition,innoway(决不),innocase(决不),neither…(nor),nosooner…(than),hardly…(when),barely(仅仅,几乎不),onnoaccount,innocircumstances(决不),notabit,nowhere,notonly…butalso等。
倒装2
3.themore…,themore结构中的倒装。
4.倒装让步句型
㈠形式一:
表语+as+主语(代词)+系动词,+主句
Proudasthesenoblesare,theyareafraidtoseeyou.
㈡形式二:
表语+系动词+主语(名词),+主句
NobodyknowssuchisAlbertEinstein,agreatphysicist
㈢形式三:
副词或动词原型+as+主语…,+主句
Tryaswemight,wecouldnotaccomplishitontime.
强调句
1.Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who…注意:
①强调句型中的系动词除is和was之外,没有其他形式的变化;
②被强调部分如果是人,可以用who,也可以用that,其他情况用that(常识性知识,一般不作为考点)。
③在not…until句型里,如果强调由until所引导的时间状语时,not须跟在until之前,构成Itisnotuntil…that结构。
④强调的如果是原因状语从句,只能由because引导,不能由since,as或why引导。
Itisbecausesheistooinexperiencedthatshedoesnotknowhowtodealwiththeserioussituation.
否定句㈠:
部分否定句
概括词all,both,every,everybody,everything,everywhere,always,altogether,entirely和wholly等。
Thereisafamousproverbsayingthatallthatglittersisnotgold.
Don’tyoubetoldthat_bothofthebooksarenothelpful_(这两本书并非都是有益的)
Althoughmostpeoplelikemusic,__everyonedon’twanttogototheconcert(但并非人人都想去听音乐会)
否定句㈡:
完全否定句
no,none,nobody,nowhere,neither,never等否定词+肯定式谓语
Allhisplancametonothing__(他的一切计划都泡汤了),sodon’tcountonhisfulfillingthetaskontime.
Heissoexcitedthatnoneofthewordscandescribehisfeelings(他此时此刻的心情是无法用语言来形容的)
否定句㈢:
双重否定句
①其形式一为:
主语+cannot+help/refrain/keep+from+动名词,具有双重否定的意义。
Havingwonthegoldmedal,_hecouldnotrefrainfromshowinghispleasure._(他禁不住喜形于色)
②其形式二为:
主语+cannot+but/choosebut/helpbut+动词原形。
Wecouldnothelpbutlookforanotheronetostayin.__(我们别无选择只好另投旅馆住宿),sinceallthehotelsherearewithsigns“BeBookedUp”.
③其形式三为:
(Therebe)no+主语+but+谓语。
在此句型中,but是关系代词,即代替前面的名词,又引导后面的从句,并且具有否定意义。
Heissodevotedtohisexperimentthatnotaman/nomanbutfelthislovetohiscareer(没有人感觉不到他对事业的热爱)。
1.Wecouldnothelplaughing(我们忍不住笑起来)whenhefinishedthestory.
2.Onecannotbutbemovedbyhisdeeds(人们不能不被他的事迹所感动)afterknowingthebachelorhasadoptedfiveorphans.
3.Don’talwayssticktoroutines,andyoumustknowthereisnorulebuthasitsexceptions___(没有无例外的规则)
倍数表示句型
①形式一:
主语+be+倍数+thatof+被比较对象或as+形容词+as+被比较对象
Bythattimeweshallproducefourtimesasmuchgrainaswedidin2006(生产的粮食将增加3倍)。
②形式二:
主语+increase/rise/attain+(to)倍数+comparedwith+被比较对象
Thenewbuilding’sareawillbeattainto2timesoftheoldone_(将是旧楼的两倍)。
③形式三:
主语+increase+(by)百分数+comparedwith
TheoutputofJuneinourfactoryincreasedby150%comparedwiththatofMay.
1.Theaverageincomeofthestaffhasbeenincreasedby50percentcomparedwithlastyear(与去年相比增加了50%)
2.Thesizeofthenewlybroadenedsquareisfourtimesthatofthepreviousone(是以前的四倍大).
3.Afterthenewtechniquewasintroduced,thefactoryproducedtwiceasmanytrucksin2000astheyearbefore(2000年能生产的卡车是往年的两倍)
英语四级历年翻译真题及答案
1.四级大纲样题
87.Thesubstancedoesnotdissolveinwaterwhether(itis)heatedornot
(不管是否加热).
88.NotonlyNotonlydidhechargemetoomuch或Notonlydidheoverchargeme
(他向我收费过高),buthedidn'tdoagoodrepairjobeither.
89.Yourlossesintradethisyeararenothingcomparedwithmine或incomparisonwithmine
(与我的相比).
90.Onaverage,itissaid,visitorsspendonlyhalfasmuch(money)
(一半的钱)inadayinLeedsasinLondon.
91.Bycontrast,Americanmothersweremorelikelytoattribute/ascribetheirchildren’ssuccessto(把孩子的成功归因于)naturaltalent.
2.2006.06
87Havingspentsometimeinthecity,hehadnotroublefindingthewaytothehistorymuseum(找到去历史博物馆的路).
88Inordertosupportmyuniversitystudies(或:
tofinancemyeducation;topayformyeducation/topaymytuitionfees)(为了挣钱供我上学),Motheroftentakesonmoreworkthanisgoodforher.
89Theprofessorrequiredthatwe(should)handinour/theresearchreport(s)(我们交研究报告).
90Themoreyouexplain,themoreconfusedIam(我愈糊涂).
91Thoughaskilledworker,hewasfiredbythecompany(他被公司解雇了)lastweekbecauseoftheeconomiccrisis.
3.2006.12
87.Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaythatitisnoteasytoadaptoneselftolife/livingindifferentcultures(适应不同文化中的生活).
88.SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthatnothingismoreattractivetomethanreading或tome,nothingismoreimportantthanreading(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).
89.Thevictimwouldhavehadachancetosurvive或wouldhavesurvived(本来有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.
90.Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeoplemightfeellonelywhentheyarefarfromhome/arenotintheirhometown/traveling.(出门在外时可能会感到孤独).
91.Thenation’spopulationcontinuestoriseataspeed/rateof12millionperyear或atanannualspeedof12million(以每年1200万人的速度).
4.2007.06
87.Thefindingofthisstudyfailedtotakepeople’ssleepquality/qualityofsleepintoaccount/consideration(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).
88.ThepreventionandtreatmentofAIDSisafieldinwhichwecanworktogether/afieldinwhichwecancooperate(我们可以合作的领域).
89.Becauseoftheleginjury,theathletedecidedtoquitthematch(决定退出比赛).
90.Tomakedonationsorformoreinformation,pleasecontactusatthefollowingaddress(按以下地址和我们联系).
91.Pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorningatyourconvenience/ifitisconvenientforyou(如果你方便的话).
5.2007.12
87Thanksto/becauseofaseriesofnewinventions(多亏了一系列的新发明),doctorscantreatthisdiseasesuccessfully.
88Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthatIhavebeenmorelikelytogettiredthanbefore/Igettiredmoreeasilythanbefore(我比以前更容易累了).
89Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,nomatteratwhatexpense(cost)/nomatterwhatIhavetosacrifice(pay)/wouldhavetosacrifice(pay)(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).
90Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecausetheformer/shoppingonlineismoreconvenientandefficient(time-saving)(cansavemoretime)(它更方便和省时).
91ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflifeismeasuredintermsofhowmuchtheycanborrow(用他们能够借到多少来衡量的),nothowmuchtheycanearn.
6.2008.06
87.Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsofthisresearchcanbeappliedtothedevelopmentofthenewtechnology.(能应用于新技术的开发)
88.Ican’tbootmycomputernow.Somethingmustbewrong(一定出了毛病)withitsoperationsystem.
89.Leavingone’sjob,whateverjobitis/nomatterwhatjobitis,(不管是什么工作),isadifficultchangeevenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.
90.ComparedwiththeplacewhereIgrewup,(与我成长的地方相比),thistownismoreprosperousandexciting.
91.Notuntilhehadfinishedthemission(直到他完成使命)didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.
7.2008.12
87.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems(that/which)theyhaven'tfoundsolutionto)(他们至今还没有答案).
88.Whatmostparentsconcern(大多数父母所关心的)isprovingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.
89.You'dbettertakeasweaterwithyouincaseit(should)turncold.(以防天气变冷).
90.Throughtheproject,manypeoplehavereceivedtraininganddecidedtolaunchtheirownenterprise(决定自己创业).
91.Theanti-virusagentwasnotknownuntiladoctordiscovereditbychance.(直到一名医生偶然发现了它).
8.2009.06
87.Soonafterhetransferredtothe foundthathenewschool,Alihaddifficulty(in)catchingupwithhisfellowclassmates(很难跟上班里的同学)inmathandEnglish.
88.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Marywouldnothavebeencaughtintheheavyrain(就不会被大雨淋着了).
89.Itissaidthatthosewhoarestressedorworkingovertime aremorelikelytogain/putonweight(更有可能增加体重).
90.(很多人没有意识到的)Whatisnotrealizedbymanypeople/WhatmanypeopledonotrealizeisthatSimonisaloverofsports,andfootballinparticular.
91.Thestudyshowsthatthepoorfunctioningofthehumanbodyiscloselyrelatedtothelackofexercise(与缺乏锻炼密切相关).
四级翻译练习
Test1
87无论是谁申请这份工作,Nomatterwho/Whoeverappliesforthejob.he/shemusttakethewrittenexam.
88.Onlywiththehelpofyourfather