翻译语法.docx

1、翻译语法英语四级翻译练习翻译题型有三大考点：1. 固定搭配考点：名词与动词搭配，形容词与名词搭配，动词与副词的修饰关系，名词与介词搭配，固定词组以及固定表达2. 核心语法考点：虚拟语气，倒装结构、从句、非谓语动词等。 3. 核心动词以及动词短语的考查。 虚拟语气一：由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子 (1). 与现在的事实相反： If - + were/did-, - + would do (2). 与过去的事实相反： If - + had done-, - +would have done (3). 与将来的事实可能相反： If -+ should do/were to do-, -+ woul

2、d do 虚拟语气二：用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中从句谓语形式为：“-(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should常省去) 。类似用法的动词有：insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate (

3、 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。虚拟语气第三种：用在表示必须、重要、令人惊奇、可能（不可能）等意义的形容词作表语的句型中“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossi

4、ble , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that -”结构中的that 引导的主语从句中 用 should + 动词原形虚拟语气四：用在It is time that - 结构中, 表示“该干某事了”, 含建议的意思, 用动词过去式,或者should+doIt is time (that) we went to bed .咱们该睡觉了。 注

5、意: time 前可加about (表示“大约”) 或high(表示“强调”) 等。虚拟语气五对过去的事实进行推测由might/ could/ must/ couldnt have done/ been 对目前的状态推测 might/ may/ must be虚拟语气六表示”本应该” “本来可能” 发生而实际并没有发生的情况: should/ could/might have doneHe might have caught the flight to Tokyo, but he was delayed by a traffic jam.倒装11当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装，如

6、不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.只有当你获得足够的数据时，你才能得出正确的结论。2never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时用倒装。这类词或词组常用的有：never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, not until, by no means, under no circumstances, under no condition, in no way(决不), in no

7、 case(决不), neither (nor), no sooner(than), hardly(when), barely(仅仅，几乎不), on no account, in no circumstances(决不), not a bit, nowhere, not onlybut also等。倒装23the more, the more结构中的倒装。 4倒装让步句型 形式一：表语+as +主语（代词）+系动词，+主句 Proud as these nobles are ，they are afraid to see you. 形式二：表语+系动词+主语（名词），+主句 Nobody k

8、nows such is Albert Einstein,a great physicist 形式三：副词或动词原型+as+主语，+主句 Try as we might, we could not accomplish it on time. 强调句1It is/was +被强调部分+that/who 注意：强调句型中的系动词除is和was之外，没有其他形式的变化;被强调部分如果是人，可以用who, 也可以用that,其他情况用that（常识性知识，一般不作为考点）。在notuntil句型里，如果强调由until所引导的时间状语时，not须跟在until之前，构成It is not until

9、that结构。强调的如果是原因状语从句，只能由because引导，不能由since, as或why引导。 It is because she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the serious situation.否定句 : 部分否定句概括词 all, both, every, everybody , everything, everywhere, always, altogether, entirely和wholly等。There is a famous proverb saying that al

10、l that glitters is not gold.Dont you be told that _ both of the books are not helpful _(这两本书并非都是有益的)Although most people like music,_ everyone dont want to go to the concert(但并非人人都想去听音乐会)否定句: 完全否定句no, none, nobody, nowhere, neither, never等否定词+肯定式谓语 All his plan came to nothing _(他的一切计划都泡汤了),so dont

11、count on his fulfilling the task on time.He is so excited that none of the words can describe his feelings(他此时此刻的心情是无法用语言来形容的)否定句: 双重否定句其形式一为：主语+cannot+ help/refrain/ keep+ from+动名词，具有双重否定的意义。 Having won the gold medal,_ he could not refrain from showing his pleasure._(他禁不住喜形于色)其形式二为：主语+cannot+ but/

12、choose but/help but+动词原形。We could not help but look for another one to stay in._(我们别无选择只好另投旅馆住宿)，since all the hotels here are with signs “Be Booked Up”.其形式三为：（There be）no+主语+but+谓语。在此句型中，but是关系代词，即代替前面的名词，又引导后面的从句，并且具有否定意义。He is so devoted to his experiment that not a man/no man but felt his love t

13、o his career (没有人感觉不到他对事业的热爱)。1.We could not help laughing (我们忍不住笑起来)when he finished the story.2. One cannot but be moved by his deeds (人们不能不被他的事迹所感动)after knowing the bachelor has adopted five orphans.3. Dont always stick to routines ,and you must know there is no rule but has its exceptions _(没有无

14、例外的规则)倍数表示句型形式一：主语+be+倍数+that of+被比较对象或as+形容词+as+被比较对象By that time we shall produce four times as much grain as we did in 2006 (生产的粮食将增加3倍)。形式二：主语+increase/rise/attain+(to)倍数+compared with+被比较对象The new buildings area will be attain to 2 times of the old one_(将是旧楼的两倍)。形式三：主语+increase+（by）百分数+compared

15、 withThe output of June in our factory increased by 150% compared with that of May .1. The average income of the staff has been increased by 50 percent compared with last year (与去年相比增加了50%)2. The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one (是以前的四倍大).3. After the new tec

16、hnique was introduced, the factory produced twice as many trucks in 2000 as the year before (2000年能生产的卡车是往年的两倍)英语四级历年翻译真题及答案 1.四级大纲样题 87.The substance does not dissolve in water whether (it is) heated or not (不管是否加热).88.Not only Not only did he charge me too much或Not only did he overcharge me (他向我收费

17、过高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either.89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing compared with mine 或 in comparison with mine (与我的相比).90. On average, it is said, visitors spend only half as much (money) (一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London.91. By contrast, American mothers were more like

18、ly to attribute/ascribe their childrens success to (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent. 2. 2006.06 87 Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble finding the way to the history museum (找到去历史博物馆的路).88 In order to support my university studies (或：to finance my education; to pay for my education/to pa

19、y my tuition fees) (为了挣钱供我上学), Mother often takes on more work than is good for her. 89 The professor required that we (should) hand in our/the research report(s) (我们交研究报告).90 The more you explain, the more confused I am (我愈糊涂). 91 Though a skilled worker,he was fired by the company (他被公司解雇了) last w

20、eek because of the economic crisis. 3. 2006.12 87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to adapt oneself to life/living in different cultures (适应不同文化中的生活).88. Since my childhood I have found that nothing is more attractive to me than reading或to me, nothing is more important t

21、han reading (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力). 89. The victim would have had a chance to survive或would have survived (本来有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. 90.Some psychologists claim that people might feel lonely when they are far from home/ are not in their hometown/ traveling. (出门在外时可能会感到孤独). 91.The

22、 nations population continues to rise at a speed/rate of 12 million per year 或 at an annual speed of 12 million (以每年1200万人的速度). 4. 2007.06 87. The finding of this study failed tot ake peoples sleep quality/quality of sleep into account/consideration (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内). 88.The prevention and treatment of

23、 AIDS is a field in which we can work together / a field in which we can cooperate (我们可以合作的领域) . 89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete decided to quit the match (决定退出比赛). 90.To make donations or for more information, please contact us at the following address (按以下地址和我们联系). 91.Please come here a

24、t ten tomorrow morning at your convenience/if it is convenient for you (如果你方便的话). 5. 2007.12 87 Thanks to/ because of a series of new inventions (多亏了一系列的新发明), doctors can treat this disease successfully. 88 In my sixties, one change I notice is that I have been more likely to get tired than before/

25、I get tired more easily than before (我比以前更容易累了). 89 I am going to pursue this course, no matter at what expense (cost)/ no matter what I have to sacrifice (pay)/ would have to sacrifice (pay) (无论我要作出什么样的牺牲). 90 I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because the former/ shop

26、ping online is more convenient and efficient (time-saving) (can save more time) (它更方便和省时). 91 Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured in terms of how much they can borrow (用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn. 6. 2008.06 87. Our efforts will pay off if the results

27、of this research can be applied to the development of the new technology. (能应用于新技术的开发) 88. I cant boot my computer now. Something must be wrong (一定出了毛病) with its operation system. 89. Leaving ones job,whatever job it is/ no matter what job it is ,(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change even for those who l

28、ook forward to retiring. 90.Compared with the place where I grew up ,(与我成长的地方相比)，this town is more prosperous and exciting. 91.Not until he had finished the mission (直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill. 7. 2008.12 87. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems

29、(that/which) they havent found solution to )(他们至今还没有答案).88.What most parents concern (大多数父母所关心的) is proving the best education possible for their children.89. Youd better take a sweater with you in case it (should) turn cold.（以防天气变冷）.90. Through the project, many people have received training and de

30、cided to launch their own enterprise （决定自己创业）.91. The anti-virus agent was not known until a doctor discovered it by chance. （直到一名医生偶然发现了它）.8. 2009.06 87. Soon after he transferred to the found that he new school, Ali had difficulty (in) catching up with his fellow classmates(很难跟上班里的同学) in math and

31、English.88. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary would not have been caught in the heavy rain(就不会被大雨淋着了). 89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are more likely to gain/ put on weight(更有可能增加体重).90. (很多人没有意识到的) What is not realized by many people/ What many people do not

32、realize is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular.91. The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is closely related to the lack of exercise(与缺乏锻炼密切相关). 四级翻译练习 Test 187 无论是谁申请这份工作，No matter who/ Whoever applies for the job.he/ she must take the written exam.88. Only with the help of your father