经典全面中考定语从句讲解与练习含答案.docx
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经典全面中考定语从句讲解与练习含答案
经典全面中考定语从句讲解与练习(含答案)
定语从句
(一)关系代词TheAttributiveClause----RelativePronoun
一、定义:
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。
引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。
定语从句必须放在先行词之后,对其先行词起限定作用。
二、关系词
定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词在定语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
三、关系代词
代替人
代替物
代替人或物
主语
who
which
that
宾语
whom/who
which
that
定语
whose
whose
1.that的用法
that既可以指人,也可以指物,指人时可与who,whom互换,指物时有时可与which互换。
在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语。
①Hisfatherworksinafactorythat/whichmakescar.他父亲在一家汽车制造厂工作。
作主语,指物
②Thelady(that/who/whom)IwanttovisittaughtmeFrenchatthattime.我要去拜访的那位女士那个时候教我法语。
作宾语,指人
③Theschoolthat/whichwevisitedyesterdayisagoodone.我们昨天参观的学校是所好学校。
作宾语,指物
2.which的用法
which一般指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略(放在介词后除外)。
Which也可以指代这个主句。
①Adictionaryisabookwhich/thatgivesthemeaningofwords.字典就是讲解单词意思的书
作主语
②Hereisthebook(which/that)theteachermentionedyesterday.这就是老师昨天说得那本书
作宾语
③Thesunheatsthesun,whichmakesitpossibleformantolive.太阳给地球热量,这使得人类能够生存。
代替整个主句
1.
2.限制性定语从句:
主句和从句不隔开,从句不能省略,否则就会失掉意义不能成立。
如:
①Heisreadingabookwhichistoodifficultforhim.
②Hereistheboywhodamagedtheglass.
3.非限制性定语从句:
主句和从句用逗号隔开,从句对修饰的部分起到进一步说明的作用,拿掉后其它部分的语意仍保持完整。
如:
①ThebookiswrittenbyGuoJinming, whoisonly19yearsold.
②Bob’sfather,whowasanengineer,spent4yearsinEgypt.
③Shanghai,whichisdevelopingfast,hasbecomeoneofworld’stradecenters.
【注意】:
非限制性定语从句不能用that引导
①SheisveryfondofFrench,whichindeedshespeaksquitewell.
which还可以用来指代上文中的一件事情
①Theirhouseiswashedawaybythefloods,whichmadethemverysad.
②Helosthisjobfinally,whichwasexactlywhatwewanted.
五、关系代词的省略
引导限制性宾语从句的关系代词在作宾语、表语时可以省略,但作主语和引导非限制性定语从句时,关系代词不可省略。
①Ihavebeenthecitytwice(which/that)youjustvisited.你刚参观完的那座城市,我去过两次。
②After10years,Johnisnotthenaughtyboy(who/that)heusedtobe.10年后,约翰已经不是当年那个淘气的男孩了。
练一练
A.用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词:
主句:
______定语从句:
()先行词:
先行词关系词:
that
例:
Thisisthebook(thatIhavebeenlookingfor).
1.Themoviethatwesawlastnightisveryexciting.
2.Haveyouboughtthebookwhichwetalkedabout?
3.Istillrememberthedaywhichwespenttogetherlastweek.
4.Hestilllivesinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.
5.TheboywhosefatherisapolicemanspeaksEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.
6.ThegirlwhoyoumetwasJohn’ssister.
B.填入适当的关系词
1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.
2.YesterdayEmmywaswearingthenewdress________Igaveher.
3.Theman________legwasbrokeninamatchwasafootballplayer.
4.Kevinisreadingabook________istoodifficultforhim.
5.Thefamily________I’mstayingwithlivesinthecountry.
6.Iknowthestudent________bookwaspublished.
7.Betty,________hasneverbeenabroad,isstudyingEnglishhard.
8.Myparentsliveinahouse________ismorethan100yearsold.
9.Theboywith________Johnspokeismybrother.
10.Shanghaiisthecity________Ivisitedlastsummer.
1who2which/that/3whose4which/that5that/省略
6whose7who8which/that9whom10that/which/省略
C.单项选择
1.Whoistheman________isreadingabookoverthere?
(杭州)
A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.what
2.Theman________istalkingwithmyteacherisTom’sfather.(四川眉山)
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which
3.LiMeiisthestudent________handwritingisthebestinourclass.(贵州铜仁)
A.whoseB.whomC.whoD.that
4.Thepeople________helpedusbuildourhometownarefromBeijing.(四川德阳)
A.whichB.whomC.who
5.Therewillbeastampshowinthemuseum________wevisitedlastweek.(嘉兴、舟山)
A.whoB.whenC.whichD.what
6.Peterlikesmusic________isveryloudandenergetic.(山东临沂)
A.thatB.whoC.whomD./
7.OneofthemostinterestingplacesinYangzhou________areoftenvisitedbyforeignersistheWestSlenderLake.(扬州)
A.whatB.whoC.thatD./
8.—Whoisyournewheadteacherthissemester?
(黄冈)
—Thewoman________iswearingaredskirt.
A.whomB.whoC.whoseD.which
9.—Doyouknowtheman________isreadingthebookoverthere?
(湖北襄阳)
—Yes,he’sMr.Green,ourPEteacher.
A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who
10.I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool________ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.(湖北十堰)
A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which
11.—Whatareyoulookingfor?
(长沙)
—I’mlookingforthebook________youlentmeyesterday.
A.thatB.whoC.whose
12.Tony,tellmetheresultofthediscussion________youhadwithyourdadyesterday.(河南)
A.whatB.whichC.whenD.who
1---5AAACC6---10ACBDA11---12AB
定语从句
(二)关系副词TheAttributiveClause---RelativeAdverb
一、关系副词
关系副词在句子中作状语。
常用的关系副词有where,when,why,that等。
关系副词
先行词
在从句中充当的成分
when
表示时间的名词
时间状语
where
表示地点的名词
地点状语
why
reason
原因状语
二、关系副词的用法
Øwhen的用法
when指时间,在从句中作时间状语,它的先行词通常为time,day,morning,night,week,year等。
①I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.我永远也不会忘记来北京的第一天。
②Hecameatatimewhenweneededhelp.他在我们需要帮助的时候来了。
Øwhere的用法
where指地点,在从句中作地点状语。
它的先行词通常有place,factory,street,house,room,city,town,country,village,school等。
①ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.这就是我出生的房子。
②Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity.他父亲工作的那家工厂在城市的东边。
Øwhy的用法
why指原因,在从句中作原因状语,其先行词通常是reason。
①Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没有人知道他为什么总是迟到。
②Whocantellmethereasonwhythetrainwasdelayed?
谁能告诉我火车延误的原因?
引导定语从句的关系副词代替与其相应的先行词,并且在从句中分别做时间、地点和原因状语,关系副词在意义上常常相当于一个“介词+which”结构。
如:
①Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet.我永远忘不了我们第一次相遇的那一天。
=Ishallneverforgetthedayonwhichwefirstmet.
②BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.北京是我出生的地方。
=BeijingistheplaceinwhichIwasborn.
③Isthisthereasonforwhichherefusedouroffer?
这就是他拒绝我们的理由吗?
=Isthisthereasonwhyherefusedouroffer?
由此可见:
三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
Ø介词+which
此结构相当于一个关系副词,介词的选用由which所代替的名词在构成介词短语时与介词的固定搭配所决定。
①Wedon’tknowthetimewhen/atwhichthemeetingwillbegin.
我们不知道会议开始的时间。
(atthetime→atwhich=when)
②Thisisthehousewhere/inwhichhewasborn.
这是他出生的那间房子。
(inthehouse→inwhich=where)
Ø介词+whom
当关系代词代替的是人而不是物,并在定语从句中作介词宾语时,要用whom。
①Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowisourmanager.
=Themanwhoyoutalkedwithjustnowisourmanager.
你刚才与他谈话的那个人就是我们的经理。
②Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.
=Thisistheherowho/whom/thatweareproudof.这就是我们引以为荣的英雄。
Ø名词/代词+介词+关系代词
①Iboughtadozeneggs,halfofwhichwerebrokenwhenIgothome.
我买了一打鸡蛋,当我到家时,碎了一半。
A.填入适当的关系词
1.Shanghaiistheplace________Iwentlastsummer.
2.Thereason________Peterissohappyisthathepassedthedrivingtest.
3.Iremembertheday________mydogdied.
4.Iwillgobacktothecity________Igrowup.
5.Sep.1stistheday________theschoolstarts.
6.Thefactory________myfatherworksmakestelephones.
7.Thisistheroom________shedoesherhomeworkeveryday.
8.Wewenttovisitthehouse________thegreatwriterwasborn.
9.Iwillneverforgettheday________wefirstmet.
10.Pleasetellmethereason_______youwerelateagain.
Key:
1.where2.why3.when/onwhich4.where5.when
6.where7.where8.where9.when10.why
B.分别用关系副词、介词+关系代词填空
1.Thelibrary____________________Ioftenborrowbooksisnotfarfromhere.
Thelibrary__________Ioftenborrowbooksisnotfarfromhere.
2.Isthisthebus____________________youleftyourumbrella?
Isthisthebus__________youleftyourumbrella?
3.October1,1949wastheday____________________thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
October1,1949wastheday__________thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
4.Childrenarelookingforwardtotheholidays____________________theycanplaytogether.
Childrenarelookingforwardtotheholidays__________theycanplaytogether.
5.Whoknowsthereason____________________thegirliscrying?
Whoknowsthereason__________thegirliscrying?
6.Thereason____________________theflowersaredeadistoomuchwater.
Thereason__________theflowersaredeadistoomuchwater.
Key:
1.fromwhich;where2.onwhich;where3.onwhich;when
4.inwhich;when5.forwhich;why6.forwhich;why
C.单项选择
1.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltown______hegrewupasachild.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when
2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson________shecouldturnforhelp.
A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom
3.Isthistheplane________hecametoNewYork?
A.whichB.bywhichC.thatD.inwhich
4.Thisistheschool________Istudiedthreeyearsago.
A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which
5.—Whatdoyouusuallydoinyourleisuretime?
—Ienjoyreadinginthelibrary________Ilosemyselfinaworldofgoodbooks.
A.whichB.thatC.where
6.Ican’tforgetthetime________theearthquakehappenedinYushu.
A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where
7.Istillrememberthepark________wefirstmet.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
8.Theoldmanhastwosons,________arelawyers.
A.bothofthemB.bothofwhoC.bothofwhomD.bothofthey
9.Heisamanofgreatknowledge,________muchcanbelearned.
A.inwhomB.aboutwhomC.fromwhomD.ofwhom
10.HehasleftBeijing,________ameetingistobeheld.
A.whenB.whereC.asD.which
Key:
1---5BDDAC6---10ACCCB
D.自我挑战
1.I’llgiveyoumyfriend’shomeaddress,________Icanbereachedmostevenings.(北京)
A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where
2.Alltheneighboradmirethisfamily,_____theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.(安徽)
A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that
3.Lifeislikealongrace________wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.(重庆)
A.whyB.whatC.thatD.wh