高中英语 动词不定式专项讲解及训练有答案.docx
《高中英语 动词不定式专项讲解及训练有答案.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高中英语 动词不定式专项讲解及训练有答案.docx(23页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![高中英语 动词不定式专项讲解及训练有答案.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2023-5/29/20276918-a99b-4b9b-9f43-957d1af798ba/20276918-a99b-4b9b-9f43-957d1af798ba1.gif)
高中英语动词不定式专项讲解及训练有答案
动词不定式专项训练
1.不定式作主语和表语口语中常用it作形式主语。
2.若说明不定式动作对于执行者的影响,常在不定式前加forsb.。
3.但是以形容词作表语来说明主语的行为品质时(如kind,goodnice,wise,clever,silly,wrong9right,foolish,stupid,careless,considerate,rude,naughty,polite,agreeable等),不定式前加ofsb.。
4.不定式作表语,表示目的、结果、同意、命令、安排、决定、劝告等意义。
专项练习
1.Howtheproblemwillbediscussedsometimelaterthisafternoon.
A.tosolveB.tobesolveC.beingsolvedD.solving
2.Isitnecessarythegeographybookatonce?
A.forhertoreturnB.thatshemustreturn
C.herreturningD.ofhimtoreturn
3.Itforty-fiveminutestherebybus.
A.costs...togetB.costs...getting
C.takes...togetD.takes...getting
4.Thisgrammarpointislater.
A.toexplainB.tohavebeenexplained
C.tobeexplainedD.tobeexplaining
5.Tomseemedthegoodnews.
A.tolearnB.tobelearning
C.tohavelearnedD.tohavebeenlearning
Keys:
1-5AACCC
ii.不定式作宾语
1.只能以不定式作宾语,而不能以动名词作宾语的动词有:
(“希望”干)wish,hope,expect,long,desire;
(早“打算”)plan,mean,prepare,attempt,intend;
(“同意”“否”)agree,consent,refuse,decline;
(“寻”“问”看)seek,ask,beg;
(“选”“定”了)choose,decide,determine,promise;
(“尽”“自愿”)manage,volunteer,tend;
(“称”“失败”)claim,fail;
(“敢”“装蒜”)dare,pretend
2.可用于“动词+it+形容词/名词+todosth.”结构中的动词有feel,find,make,think,believe,consider等。
3.以动词不定式作宾语的形容词有happy,glad,pleased,sure,ready,anxious,eager,free,afraid,willing等。
4.有些介词后也可以不定式作宾语,如介词but,about,except,save等。
专项练习
1.Thefluisbelievedbyvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.
A.causingB.beingcaused
C.tobecausedD.tohavebeencaused
2.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecarsroadconditionsneed
A.that...tobeimprovedB.which...tobeimproved
C.where...tobeimprovingD.when...improving
3.Rememberthemagazinewhenyouhavefinishedreadingit.
A.puttingbackB.havingputback
C.toputbackD.willputback
4.—I'msorryIforgotyourdictionary.
—Let'suseLiHua's.
A.totakeB.takingC.tobringD.bringing
5.Atthemoment,Jasonisconsideringnext.
A.todowhatB.whattodoC.doingwhatD.whatdoing
6.Ifirstconsideredtohim,butthenIdecidedhim.
A.writing...phoningB.towrite...tophone
C.writing...tophoneD.towrite...phoning
7.Tomisalwaysforgettingthingshehasdone.Yesterday,heforgotandlookedforiteverywhere.
A.toposttheletterB.tohavetheletterposted
C.tohavingpostedtheletterD.havingpostedtheletter
8.Youdidn'thearuscomeinlastnight.Wetriednoisy.
A.tobenotB.nottobeC.notbeingD.beingnot
9.MybrotherregrettedalecturegivenbyProf.Wang.
A.missingB.tomissC.missedD.beingmissing
10.Iregretyouthatweareunabletoofferyouajob.
A.informingB.havinginformedC.toinformD.toinforming
11.Hefelttiredwithtypingthelecture.Sohestoppedashortbreak.
A.havingB.tohaveC.takingD.totaking
12.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate-runcompaniesarestrivingtheirproductsmorecompetitive.
A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade
13.Shehadnochoicebutinthecorneroftheroom.
A.tosit...weptB.tosit...weeping
C.sit...weptD.sat...weeping
14.—Youhavecomejustintimetohelpus.
—Fine.Whatneeds?
A.IdoB.doneC.tobedoneD.todo
15.Thatevening,hesetaboutthereportthenextmorning.
A.write...tohandinB.towrite...handingin
C.written...tohandinD.writing...tobehandedin
16.Thereseemednothingtodobutforthedoctor.
A.leave...sendB.left...tosendC.left...sendD.leaving...send
17.Doyouthinkitdifficultadolphin?
A.totrain...jumpingB.training...forjumping
C.totrain...jumpD.totrain...tojump
18.Ipreferratherthan.
A.todosomereading...watchingTVB.doingsomereading...watchingTV
C.todosomereading...watchTVD.doingsomereading...towatchTV
19.Thetwoboyspretendedveryhard,thoughtheydidnothing.
A.studyB.studyingC.tobestudiedD.tobestudying
Keys:
1-5CACCB6-10CDBAC11-15BABCD16-19CDCD
iii.不定式作宾语补足语
1.常见的以不定式作宾语补语的动词及短语有ask,allow,advise,beg,callon,expect,force,forbid,invite,teach,wouldlike,dependon.waitfor等。
2.以省略t0的不定式作补语的感官动词有:
feel(一‘‘感’’),listento,hear(二‘‘听’’);have,let,make(三‘‘使”);lookat,see,watch,observe,notice(五‘‘看’’)。
但这些感官动词若在被动语态的句子中,动词不定式则必须带to,let除外。
专项练习
1.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenorderedclearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.
A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued
2.Thegirlisoftenlistenedtosongsinthenextroom.
A.practisetosingB.practisesinging
C.topractisetosingD.topractisesinging
3.—WhatcanwedotohelpLiMing?
—Allwecandoistotrythatheshouldstudyevenharder.
A.makinghimtorealizeB.makinghimrealize
C.tomakehimrealizeD.tomakehimtorealize
4.Soontheysawthetwostrangersinthecrowd.
A.disappearB.todisappearC.disappearingD.disappeared
5.ProfessorSmithhashisstudentscompositionseveryFriday.
A.towriteB.writtenC.writeD.writing
6.Theboyswereseenmodelshipsintheroomwhensomeonerangthebell.
A.madeB.tomakeC.makingD.tobemaking
7.Iheardtheguideso.
A.saysB.sayingC.sayD.said
8.Mr.Brownwasmadehisteachingbecauseofhispoorhealth.
A.giveupB.givingupC.togiveupD.togivingup
9.Shallwegoandlistentothereviewersonthenewbook?
A.tocommentB.comment
C.tocommentingD.beingcommented
10.Mrs.Whitemadeherpupilsthetexteveryday.
A.reciteB.recitedC.recitingD.torecite
11.Thestudentaskedtheteacher.
A.repeatthequestionagainB.repeatingthequestion
C.torepeatingthequestionD.torepeatthequestion
12.Themuseumissaidinabigfirefiveyearsago.
A.tobedestroyedB.tohavebeendestroyed
C.tobedestroyingD.tohavebeendestroying
13.Janewishesuswithher.
A.togoalongB.goingalongC.wentalongD.willgoalong
14.Mymotor-cyclehasbrokendown.Wouldyouhelpme?
A.togetittostartB.getitstart
C.togetitstartedD.gettingitstarted
15.Thebossorderedthehall.
A.tosweepB.tobesweptC.shouldsweepD.beingswept
Keys:
1-5ADCAC6-10CCCBA11-15DBACB
iv.不定式作定语
1.不定式与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系,不定式后接的若是不及物动词,应在动词后加上合适的介词。
2.数词和最高级后常接不定式,如thefirst,thesecond,thelast,thebest等。
3.有些名词后常接不定式,如time,way,right,chance,reason等。
专项练习
1.—I'dliketobuyacarmadeinShanghai.
—Okay,Sir.Youhaveseveralmodels.
A.tochooseB.tobechosenfrom
C.tochoosefromD.forchoosing
2.It'stimerice.
A.fortransplantB.oftransplanting
C.totransplantD.totransplanting
3.Itisaverydifficultproblem.Ineedafewdays.
A.ofthinkingoveritB.tothinkitover
C.ofthinkingitoverD.tothinkoverit
4.Peopleneedhomesandfood.
A.tolive...toeatB.tolivein...toeat
C.live...toeatD.tolivein...toeatfor
5.ColumbuswasthefirsttheNewContinent.
A.tohavediscoveredB.todiscover
C.discoveringD.havingdiscovered
Keys:
1-5CCBBB
v.不定式作状语
1.不定式作状语主要表目的、结果和原因。
2.常用的表示目的短语有:
todo,inordertodo,soastodo,(soasto不能放在句首)。
不定式作目的状语,其否定式必须用inordernotto或soasnotto;不能只用nottodo。
3.常用too…to,enoughto,onlyto,so+形容词/副词+asto,sucha+名词+asto等结构表示结果。
4.常用表示情绪的动词surprised,joy,glad,pleased等后接不定式表示原因。
常用独立成分,作插入语,表示说话人的态度,如totellyouthetruth,tobeexaot,tobesure,tobefrank(withyou),tobehonest,tocutalongstoryshort,tostartwith,tobeginwith,tosaynothing,tobebrief等。
专项练习
1.Theflatismuchtoosmall.
A.forthefamilytoliveB.forthefamilytolivein
C.thatthefamilycan'tliveinD.thatthefamilycan'tlive
2.Theteacherdidn'tspeakclearlyenough.
A.soeveryonetounderstandB.foreveryoneunderstood
C.foreveryonetounderstandD.forunderstanding
3.DoyouthinkJuliaiseasy?
A.togetalongwithB.togetalong
C.tobegotalongwithD.togettingalongwith
4.Prof.Bush'stalkinEnglishwaseasy.
A.forusinfollowingB.forustobefollowed
C.tobefollowedD.forustofollow
5.Thewater-melonjuiceisnice.
A.todrinkitB.tobedrunk
C.todrinkD.tobedrinking
6.Thepatientswerewaitingthedoctor.
A.toseeB.fortosee
C.forseeingD.seeing
7.,Idon'twanttoarguewiththemaboutthematter.
A.TotellyouthetruthB.Tellingthetruth
C.HavingtoldyouthetruthD.Outofthetruth
8.Thesoldierspoketotheboykindlyhim.
A.tonotfrightenB.soasnottofrighten
C.inordertonotfrightenD.fornotfrightening
9.Wouldyoubegoodenoughtothebusstation?
A.showingmethewayB.astoshowmetheway
C.toshowmethewayD.soyoucanshowmetheway
10.Tomwassocarelesshiscarunlocked.
A.toleaveB.thatheleaves
C.astoleaveD.leaving
Keys:
1-5BCADC6-10AABCC
vi.不定式的时态与语态意义
1.不定式的时态意义
1)一般式:
不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或是在其后发生。
2)进行式:
不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时的,而且正在进行。
3)完成式:
不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作。
a.happen,seem,bereported,besaid,belikely等动词的复合谓语中,多使用完成式。
b.在“be+形容词”结构后使用完成式。
c.完成式用在某些动词后,如pretend,intend,expect,mean,hope,wish,think,was,were,want,wouldlike等表示过去未实现的愿望、期待或计划。
2.不定式的语态意义
1)当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时,不定式用被动语态。
2)be+easy/difficult/fit/hard结构中,不定式的主动语态表被动意义。
3)therebe结构中不定式多用主动语态表被动意义,也可用被动语态来表示。
4)当不定式在句子中没有逻辑主语时,不定式最好用被动语态。
专项练习
1.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappearseverything.
A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold
2.Robertissaidabroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.
A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying
3.Oneofthesalesmaninthisshopis.
A.sayingtohavebeenfiredB.saidtohavebeenfired
C.sayingtohavefire