高中英语 动词不定式专项讲解及训练有答案.docx

高中英语 动词不定式专项讲解及训练有答案.docx

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高中英语动词不定式专项讲解及训练有答案

动词不定式专项训练

1.不定式作主语和表语口语中常用it作形式主语。

2.若说明不定式动作对于执行者的影响，常在不定式前加forsb.。

3.但是以形容词作表语来说明主语的行为品质时（如kind，goodnice，wise，clever，silly，wrong9right,foolish,stupid,careless,considerate,rude,naughty,polite,agreeable等），不定式前加ofsb.。

4.不定式作表语，表示目的、结果、同意、命令、安排、决定、劝告等意义。

专项练习

1.Howtheproblemwillbediscussedsometimelaterthisafternoon.

A.tosolveB.tobesolveC.beingsolvedD.solving

2.Isitnecessarythegeographybookatonce?

A.forhertoreturnB.thatshemustreturn

C.herreturningD.ofhimtoreturn

3.Itforty-fiveminutestherebybus.

A.costs...togetB.costs...getting

C.takes...togetD.takes...getting

4.Thisgrammarpointislater.

A.toexplainB.tohavebeenexplained

C.tobeexplainedD.tobeexplaining

5.Tomseemedthegoodnews.

A.tolearnB.tobelearning

C.tohavelearnedD.tohavebeenlearning

Keys:

1-5AACCC

ii.不定式作宾语

1.只能以不定式作宾语，而不能以动名词作宾语的动词有：

（“希望”干）wish,hope,expect,long,desire;

（早“打算”）plan,mean,prepare,attempt,intend;

（“同意”“否”）agree,consent,refuse,decline;

（“寻”“问”看）seek,ask,beg;

（“选”“定”了）choose,decide,determine,promise;

（“尽”“自愿”）manage,volunteer,tend;

（“称”“失败”）claim,fail;

（“敢”“装蒜”）dare,pretend

2.可用于“动词+it+形容词／名词+todosth．”结构中的动词有feel,find,make,think,believe,consider等。

3.以动词不定式作宾语的形容词有happy，glad，pleased，sure，ready，anxious，eager，free，afraid，willing等。

4.有些介词后也可以不定式作宾语，如介词but，about，except，save等。

专项练习

1.Thefluisbelievedbyvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.

A.causingB.beingcaused

C.tobecausedD.tohavebeencaused

2.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecarsroadconditionsneed

A.that...tobeimprovedB.which...tobeimproved

C.where...tobeimprovingD.when...improving

3.Rememberthemagazinewhenyouhavefinishedreadingit.

A.puttingbackB.havingputback

C.toputbackD.willputback

4.—I'msorryIforgotyourdictionary.

—Let'suseLiHua's.

A.totakeB.takingC.tobringD.bringing

5.Atthemoment,Jasonisconsideringnext.

A.todowhatB.whattodoC.doingwhatD.whatdoing

6.Ifirstconsideredtohim,butthenIdecidedhim.

A.writing...phoningB.towrite...tophone

C.writing...tophoneD.towrite...phoning

7.Tomisalwaysforgettingthingshehasdone.Yesterday,heforgotandlookedforiteverywhere.

A.toposttheletterB.tohavetheletterposted

C.tohavingpostedtheletterD.havingpostedtheletter

8.Youdidn'thearuscomeinlastnight.Wetriednoisy.

A.tobenotB.nottobeC.notbeingD.beingnot

9.MybrotherregrettedalecturegivenbyProf.Wang.

A.missingB.tomissC.missedD.beingmissing

10.Iregretyouthatweareunabletoofferyouajob.

A.informingB.havinginformedC.toinformD.toinforming

11.Hefelttiredwithtypingthelecture.Sohestoppedashortbreak.

A.havingB.tohaveC.takingD.totaking

12.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate-runcompaniesarestrivingtheirproductsmorecompetitive.

A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade

13.Shehadnochoicebutinthecorneroftheroom.

A.tosit...weptB.tosit...weeping

C.sit...weptD.sat...weeping

14.—Youhavecomejustintimetohelpus.

—Fine.Whatneeds?

A.IdoB.doneC.tobedoneD.todo

15.Thatevening,hesetaboutthereportthenextmorning.

A.write...tohandinB.towrite...handingin

C.written...tohandinD.writing...tobehandedin

16.Thereseemednothingtodobutforthedoctor.

A.leave...sendB.left...tosendC.left...sendD.leaving...send

17.Doyouthinkitdifficultadolphin?

A.totrain...jumpingB.training...forjumping

C.totrain...jumpD.totrain...tojump

18.Ipreferratherthan.

A.todosomereading...watchingTVB.doingsomereading...watchingTV

C.todosomereading...watchTVD.doingsomereading...towatchTV

19.Thetwoboyspretendedveryhard,thoughtheydidnothing.

A.studyB.studyingC.tobestudiedD.tobestudying

Keys:

1-5CACCB6-10CDBAC11-15BABCD16-19CDCD

iii.不定式作宾语补足语

1.常见的以不定式作宾语补语的动词及短语有ask，allow，advise，beg，callon，expect，force,forbid,invite,teach,wouldlike,dependon.waitfor等。

2.以省略t0的不定式作补语的感官动词有：

feel（一‘‘感’’），listento，hear（二‘‘听’’）；have，let，make（三‘‘使”）；lookat，see，watch，observe，notice（五‘‘看’’）。

但这些感官动词若在被动语态的句子中，动词不定式则必须带to，let除外。

专项练习

1.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenorderedclearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.

A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued

2.Thegirlisoftenlistenedtosongsinthenextroom.

A.practisetosingB.practisesinging

C.topractisetosingD.topractisesinging

3.—WhatcanwedotohelpLiMing?

—Allwecandoistotrythatheshouldstudyevenharder.

A.makinghimtorealizeB.makinghimrealize

C.tomakehimrealizeD.tomakehimtorealize

4.Soontheysawthetwostrangersinthecrowd.

A.disappearB.todisappearC.disappearingD.disappeared

5.ProfessorSmithhashisstudentscompositionseveryFriday.

A.towriteB.writtenC.writeD.writing

6.Theboyswereseenmodelshipsintheroomwhensomeonerangthebell.

A.madeB.tomakeC.makingD.tobemaking

7.Iheardtheguideso.

A.saysB.sayingC.sayD.said

8.Mr.Brownwasmadehisteachingbecauseofhispoorhealth.

A.giveupB.givingupC.togiveupD.togivingup

9.Shallwegoandlistentothereviewersonthenewbook?

A.tocommentB.comment

C.tocommentingD.beingcommented

10.Mrs.Whitemadeherpupilsthetexteveryday.

A.reciteB.recitedC.recitingD.torecite

11.Thestudentaskedtheteacher.

A.repeatthequestionagainB.repeatingthequestion

C.torepeatingthequestionD.torepeatthequestion

12.Themuseumissaidinabigfirefiveyearsago.

A.tobedestroyedB.tohavebeendestroyed

C.tobedestroyingD.tohavebeendestroying

13.Janewishesuswithher.

A.togoalongB.goingalongC.wentalongD.willgoalong

14.Mymotor-cyclehasbrokendown.Wouldyouhelpme?

A.togetittostartB.getitstart

C.togetitstartedD.gettingitstarted

15.Thebossorderedthehall.

A.tosweepB.tobesweptC.shouldsweepD.beingswept

Keys:

1-5ADCAC6-10CCCBA11-15DBACB

iv.不定式作定语

1.不定式与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，不定式后接的若是不及物动词，应在动词后加上合适的介词。

2.数词和最高级后常接不定式，如thefirst，thesecond，thelast，thebest等。

3.有些名词后常接不定式，如time，way，right，chance，reason等。

专项练习

1.—I'dliketobuyacarmadeinShanghai.

—Okay,Sir.Youhaveseveralmodels.

A.tochooseB.tobechosenfrom

C.tochoosefromD.forchoosing

2.It'stimerice.

A.fortransplantB.oftransplanting

C.totransplantD.totransplanting

3.Itisaverydifficultproblem.Ineedafewdays.

A.ofthinkingoveritB.tothinkitover

C.ofthinkingitoverD.tothinkoverit

4.Peopleneedhomesandfood.

A.tolive...toeatB.tolivein...toeat

C.live...toeatD.tolivein...toeatfor

5.ColumbuswasthefirsttheNewContinent.

A.tohavediscoveredB.todiscover

C.discoveringD.havingdiscovered

Keys:

1-5CCBBB

v.不定式作状语

1.不定式作状语主要表目的、结果和原因。

2.常用的表示目的短语有：

todo，inordertodo，soastodo，（soasto不能放在句首）。

不定式作目的状语，其否定式必须用inordernotto或soasnotto;不能只用nottodo。

3.常用too…to，enoughto，onlyto，so+形容词／副词+asto，sucha+名词+asto等结构表示结果。

4.常用表示情绪的动词surprised，joy，glad，pleased等后接不定式表示原因。

常用独立成分，作插入语，表示说话人的态度，如totellyouthetruth，tobeexaot，tobesure,tobefrank（withyou）,tobehonest,tocutalongstoryshort,tostartwith,tobeginwith,tosaynothing,tobebrief等。

专项练习

1.Theflatismuchtoosmall.

A.forthefamilytoliveB.forthefamilytolivein

C.thatthefamilycan'tliveinD.thatthefamilycan'tlive

2.Theteacherdidn'tspeakclearlyenough.

A.soeveryonetounderstandB.foreveryoneunderstood

C.foreveryonetounderstandD.forunderstanding

3.DoyouthinkJuliaiseasy?

A.togetalongwithB.togetalong

C.tobegotalongwithD.togettingalongwith

4.Prof.Bush'stalkinEnglishwaseasy.

A.forusinfollowingB.forustobefollowed

C.tobefollowedD.forustofollow

5.Thewater-melonjuiceisnice.

A.todrinkitB.tobedrunk

C.todrinkD.tobedrinking

6.Thepatientswerewaitingthedoctor.

A.toseeB.fortosee

C.forseeingD.seeing

7.,Idon'twanttoarguewiththemaboutthematter.

A.TotellyouthetruthB.Tellingthetruth

C.HavingtoldyouthetruthD.Outofthetruth

8.Thesoldierspoketotheboykindlyhim.

A.tonotfrightenB.soasnottofrighten

C.inordertonotfrightenD.fornotfrightening

9.Wouldyoubegoodenoughtothebusstation?

A.showingmethewayB.astoshowmetheway

C.toshowmethewayD.soyoucanshowmetheway

10.Tomwassocarelesshiscarunlocked.

A.toleaveB.thatheleaves

C.astoleaveD.leaving

Keys:

1-5BCADC6-10AABCC

vi.不定式的时态与语态意义

1.不定式的时态意义

1）一般式：

不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或是在其后发生。

2）进行式：

不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时的，而且正在进行。

3）完成式：

不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作。

a.happen,seem,bereported,besaid,belikely等动词的复合谓语中，多使用完成式。

b.在“be+形容词”结构后使用完成式。

c.完成式用在某些动词后，如pretend，intend，expect，mean，hope，wish，think，was，were，want，wouldlike等表示过去未实现的愿望、期待或计划。

2.不定式的语态意义

1）当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，不定式用被动语态。

2）be+easy/difficult/fit/hard结构中，不定式的主动语态表被动意义。

3）therebe结构中不定式多用主动语态表被动意义，也可用被动语态来表示。

4）当不定式在句子中没有逻辑主语时，不定式最好用被动语态。

专项练习

1.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappearseverything.

A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold

2.Robertissaidabroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.

A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying

3.Oneofthesalesmaninthisshopis.

A.sayingtohavebeenfiredB.saidtohavebeenfired

C.sayingtohavefire