Unit 1 Book 1.docx

Unit 1 Book 1.docx

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Unit1Book1

Unit1（Book1）（III）

IntroductoryRemarks

Worldwideover1.4billionpeopleliveincountrieswhereEnglishhasofficialstatus.Oneoutoffiveoftheworld’spopulationspeakssomeEnglish.AndatpresentoneinfiveislearningEnglish.Over70%oftheworld’sscientistsreadEnglish.About85%oftheworld’smailiswritteninEnglish.And90%ofallinformationintheworld’selectronicretrievalsystemisstoredinEnglish.

WitheconomicglobalizationandChina’sopeninguptotheworld,ithasbecomeincreasinglyimportantfortheyoungergenerationtomasterEnglish.However,studentssometimesfindthemselvesindespairbecausetheyareplaguedbysuchquestionsas:

Whycan’tIspeakidiomaticEnglish?

HowdoIexpandmyvocabulary?

HowcanIimprovemylisteningcomprehension?

Inasense,Englishisnotteachable,butlearnable.Thatiswhytheauthorofthistextstatesattheverybeginning:

“LearningEnglishisbynomeanseasy.Ittakesgreatdiligenceandprolongedeffort.”

However,thereareusefultipspasseddowntousbyexperiencedlanguagelearners.Let’sreadthetexttogethertofindoutwhattheyare.Besides,Ibelieveyouallhavesomeindividualexperiencestoadd.

IntroductoryQuestions

Thefollowingisasetofstatementsaboutthetext,sometrue,othersfalse.Ifastatementistrue,youareexpectedtorepeatit;iffalse,youaresupposedtomakenecessarychangestoturnitintoatrueone.

1.Languagelearnersshouldmemorizeallthenewwords.

2.It’simpossibletocramtoomanywordsintoyourheadatatime.

3.Themeaningofawordandthewaynativespeakersuseitareequallyimportant.

4.ListeningtoEnglishoccasionallywillimproveyourearandspeakingskills.

5.It’simportanttocatcheverydetailinEnglishlisteningcomprehension.

6.LanguagelearnersdonotfindmanyopportunitiestopracticeoralEnglishatschool.

7.RehearsingaloudisausefulwaytopracticespokenEnglish.

8.Readingistheonlyreliablesourceoflanguageinput.

9.TherearevariouswayslikekeepinganEnglishdiaryorwritingtoapenpaltokeepwritinginEnglishregularly.

10.Readingandlisteningaremoreimportantinlanguagelearningthanspeakingandwriting.

InformationRelatedtotheText

Activevocabularyandpassivevocabulary

Evennativespeakersofalanguagehavebothanactiveandapassivevocabulary.Activevocabularyconsistsofwordsyouusefrequentlyandcomfortablyinspeakingandwriting,whilepassivevocabularyconsistsofthewordsyourecognizewhenyoureadandlisten.

Typically,alanguagespeaker’spassivevocabularyismuchbiggerthanhisorher“active”one.Therefore,asyouworkondevelopingyourvocabulary,itishelpfultokeepthesequestionsinmind:

⏹Whenyouencounteranewwordorexpressionthatyouwanttolearn,doyousimplywanttobeabletorecognizeitagainorisitimportanttomakeitpartofyour“active”vocabulary?

⏹Aretherewordsorexpressionsinyour“passive”vocabularythatyouwouldliketomakemoreuseof“actively”?

Penpal

Apenpalisafriendwritingfromadifferentcountry,language,andculture.Penpalsofferagoodopportunitytopracticeaforeignlanguage,toexchangeopinions,comparepointsofviewsandlearnaboutplacesandpeoplethousandsofkilometersawayfromyou.Thosepenpalswhowriteemailstoeachotherarealsoknownaskeypalsorwebpals.

LanguagePoints

1.strategy:

theartofplanningandmanagingoperationsoveralongperiod

a）Outliningisanespeciallyhelpfulreadingstrategyforunderstandingthecontentandstructureofacertainpassage.

b）SpendingbigmoneytodevelopopensourcesoftwareisagoodbusinessstrategyforcompaniescompetingagainstMicrosoft.

2.bynomeans:

notatall

a）Juliaisbynomeansanordinarygirl.

b）Tomakeafirmdecisionisbynomeanseasyunderpresentconditions.

3.diligence:

steadyeffort;thequalityofshowingcareandeffortinwhatonedoes

a）Heisbehindtheothersinability,butbeforethemindiligence

b）Diligenceisthemotherofgoodfortune,andidleness,its

opposite,hasneverbroughtamantothegoalofanyofhis

bestwishes.

4.nevertheless:

however;inspiteofthat;still

a）Hewasangry,neverthelesshelistenedtome.

b）Ican’tfollowyouradvice.Neverthelessthankyouforgivingit.

c）Ofcourse,shedidn’tunderstandwhatherparentswerequarrelingabout,butshewasscarednevertheless.

5.command:

（n.）abilitytouseorcontrolsth.

a）HehasagoodcommandoftheEnglishlanguage.

b）Thoseartistswhosepaintingsareondisplayshowagoodcommandofwatercolor.

（v.）1）beinapositiontouse

a）Manycollegestudentstodaycommandalargevocabulary.

b）Ourcountrycommandsimmensenaturalresources.

2）overlookfromahigherposition

ThehillcommandsagoodviewofthemagnificentNankingYangtseRiverBridge.

6.complain:

（tosb.）（about/ofsth.）

Saythatoneisnotsatisfied,thatsth.iswrong,thatoneissuffering

a）Shecomplainedtomeofhisrudeness.

b）Yourneighborcalled110tocomplainaboutyourloudstereo.

complaint（n.）

7.But,infact,itisnotyourmemorythatisatfault:

Butactuallyyoushouldnotblameyourmemory.

Atfault:

guiltyoferror;deservingblame

a）Mr.Smithwassopig-headedthathecouldneveracceptthathehadbeenatfault.

b）Thecalculationdoesnotworkoutcorrectly,butIcannotseewhereitisatfault.

8.atatime:

ononeoccasion

a）ThiswebpagehasanA-to-Zlistofalltheartworkandwillshowyouonesmallpreviewatatime.

b）Ifyoutrytolearntoomanythingsatatime,youmaygetconfused.

9.beboundto:

becertainto

a）Differencesofopiniononvariousissuesareboundtoexist.

b）Youareboundtofailtheexamifyoudon’tdoanyrevision.

10.frequent:

（a.）oftenhappening;habitual

a）Airlinesgivefrequentflyerscertainprivileges.

b）Thestudyfindsthatfrequentwinedrinkinglowerschancesofheartattack.

frequently:

（ad.）often

a）ProfessorJohnsonpublishesfrequentlyinlearnedjournals.

b）Ourembassyhaspublishedanswerstothemostfrequentlyaskedquestionsonhowtogetanentryvisaintoourcountryontheofficialwebsite.

11.constant:

goingonallthetime;frequentlyrecurring

a）TheconstantvisitsofforeignwarshipsareathreattoMalta’ssecurity.

b）Changeisconstant.

12.commit…tomemory:

memorize;learnbyheart

a）Canyoucommittomemoryallthemainpointsofthelecture?

b）Youmustbechoosy;selectwhatyouwanttocommittomemoryandallowyourmindtoforgettherest.

13.wordsthatdonotoftenoccurineverydaysituationsrequirejustanoddingacquaintance:

oneneedonlytorecognizethosewordsthatarenotoftenusedineverydaycommunicationswhenonerunsintothem

acquaintance:

limitedknowledgeorinformationgainedthroughexperience

a）IhavesomeacquaintancewithFrench,butIdonotknowitwell.

b）MyacquaintancewithRichardGoodmanreachesbackforseveraldecades.

14.concentrateon:

focusattentionon

a）“I’mtryingtoconcentrateonmyjobnow.”“OK.Sorryfordisturbingyou.”

b）ThismultinationalcompanyhassolditsChinabusinessinordertoconcentrateontheEuropeanmarket.

15.enlarge:

makeorbecomelarger

a）Thisphotographistoosmall;pleaseenlargeitforme.

b）IfirmlybelievethatreadingsimplifiedEnglishnovelsisaneasyandenjoyablewayofenlargingourvocabulary.

16.watchoutfor:

lookoutfor;beon（one’s）guardagainst

a）It’shighlyimportanttowatchoutforpedestrianswhiledrivinginthebusystreetsofShanghai.

b）Youcan’tlearnEnglishwellwithoutwatchingoutforidiomaticwaysofsayingthings.

17.ona…basis:

accordingtoacertainrule,spiritorfrequency

a）12%ofAmericansreporttheyhavedifficultysleepingonafrequentbasis.

b）SeeingEnglishmoviesonaregularbasiswillnotonlyimproveyourear,butwillalsohelpyoubuildyourspeakingskills.

18.inadditionto:

aswellas

a）Inadditiontoathickfog,therewasabigwave.

b）Inadditiontogivingageneralintroductiontocomputers,thecoursealsoprovidespracticalexperience.

19.communicate:

shareorexchange（information,news,feelings,etc.）

a）Myfriendcommunicateshisideasveryclearly.

b）Mrs.Smithcomplainedtomethatsheoftenfounditsimply

impossibletocommunicatewithherdaughter.

20.opportunity:

favorabletimeorchance

a）Webelieveinequalopportunity,butnotequaloutcome.

b）I’mgladtohavethisopportunityofspeakingtoheralone.

21.seekout:

lookfor

a）Inthewakeofdisasters,scientistsseekoutmethodsof

prevention.

b）Chinaisseekingoutnewoilorgasdealsaroundtheworldtoensureenergysecurity.

22.feelfree（to）:

nothesitateto

a）Ifyouhaveanyquestionsorcomments,feelfreetocontactus.

b）Internetchatroomsmakepeoplefeelfreetoexpressthemselves.

23.forinstance:

forexample

a）HowcanIdownloadafile（forinstanceaMicrosoftWordfile）fromtheInternet?

b）ImeanforinstanceamanlikeTom.

24.indetail:

includingallormostparticularsoritemsthoroughly

a）Mostofthesetopicshavebeendiscussedindetailattheforum.

b）Youwilllearnaboutcorporatestrategyindetailelsewhereinthiscourse.

25.purchase:

（n.）buying（sth.thatyouhavebought）

a）Ihavesomepurchasestomake.

b）Therestaurantmakesapurchaseofcookingoilonceaweek.

（v.）buy

a）WhencanIpurchaseacar?

b）LenovopurchasedIBM’sPCbusinessinlate2004.

26.environment:

surroundings;circumstances;influences

a）Effortshavebeenmadetoimprovetheenvironmentaroundtheglobe.

b）Thereissomethingintheofficeenvironmentthathushespeople.

27.reliable:

thatmaybereliedordependedon

a）UPSisknownforitsreliableon-timedelivery.

b）