河北省邢台市届高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题9.docx

河北省邢台市届高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题9.docx

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河北省邢台市届高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题9

河北省邢台市2014届高考英语二轮阅读理解基础训练题9

Lastnight’smeteor（流星）showerleftmanypeopleinthecommunitydissatisfiedanddemandinganswers.AccordingtoGabeRothsclild,EmeraldValley’smayor,peoplegatheredinthesuburbsofthecity,carryingheavytelescopes,expectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenedbythecity’slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead.

“Myfamilywassofrustrated,”admittedtownresidentDuaneCosby,“Wewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyouting,butitturnedouttobeahugedisappointment.”

Astronomers---scientistswhostudystarsandplanets---havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthe

past.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.

Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateurstarobserversthatsuffersevenmo

refromlightpollution.Thispopulationconsistsofbirds,bats,frogs,snakes,etc.Forexample,outdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating（迁徙的）birds.AccordingtotheInternationalDark-SkyAssociation.“100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.”

Countlessmoreanimalscasualties（伤亡）resultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.Clearly,peopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheirevenings,butsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfu

lforhumans,too.Theyworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseperson’schancesofgettingcancer.

EmeraldValleyisonlyonecommunitythatisbecomingawareofthenegativeeffectsoflightpollution.Foryears,Flagstaff,Arizona,hasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory.Similareffortshavebeenmadeworl

dwide,andamovementisunderwaytoremindustoturnofflightswhenwearenotusingthem,sothatothercreaturescansharethenight.

【文章大意】许多人想在晚上看流星雨，结果由于光线太亮，影响了他们的观看效果。

由此引发了人们对光污染的思考。

本文是一篇议论文，文章由一个事例引发出要讨论的话题。

36.Ithappenedlastnightthat.

A.thecity’slightsaff

ectedthemeteorwatchingB.themeteorsflewpastbeforebeingnoticed

C.themeteorwatchingendedupasocialoutingD.thecitylightshowattractedmanypeople

【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。

第一段的最后一句话askysobrightenedbythecity’slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead表明答案为A。

37.Whatdotheastronomerscomplainabout?

A.Meteorshowersoccurlessoftenthanbefore.

B.Theirobservationequipmentisinpoorrepair.

C.Lightpollutionhasremainedunsolvedforyears.

D.Theireyesightisfailingduetoartificiallighting.

【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。

题干中的Astronomers出现在第三段，文中有一句话havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades，第一段就提到了光线太亮，这句话的后面又提到了lightpollution。

结合选项，答案为C。

38.WhatistheauthorconcernedaboutaccordingtoParagraph4?

A.Birdsmaytakeothermigrationpaths.

B.Animal’livinghabitsmaychangesuddenly.

C.Varietiesofanimalswillbecomesharplyreduced.

D.Animals’survivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting.

【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。

第四段第一句话就告诉我们除了专业及业余的观星者之外，还有些群体也收到了光污染的影响。

而这些群体指的就是birds、bats等动物。

D项的意思是“动物的生存受到户外灯光的影响”。

故选D。

39.LightingregulationsinFlagstaff,Arizonaareputintoeffectto__________.

A.lessenthechanceofgettingcancerB.createanidealobservationcondition

C.ensurecitizensagoodsleepatnightD.enableallcreaturestoliveinharmony

【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。

题干中的信息告诉我们答案应该出现在最后一段，根据“inordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory”，答案显然为B。

40.Whatmessagedoestheauthormostwanttogiveus?

A.Savingwildlifeissavingourselves

B.Greateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergy

C.Humanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentallyfriendly

D.Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy

【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题。

文中作者反复强调光污染问题对人类的一些活动和动物的影响。

这显然是强调环境问题。

故选C。

介绍说明类------35

Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatch

andhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins“Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar”orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.

Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:

Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrialsincreasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.

Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas“Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar”andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.

Themultiplicationtables（乘法口诀表）areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.

Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming（突击学习）foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,isreallynecessaryforone’sfuturedevelopment.

1.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?

A.Peoplerememberwellwhattheylearnedinchildhood.

B.Childrenhaveabettermemorythangrown-ups.

C.Poemreadingisagoodwaytolearnwords.

D.Storiesforchildrenareeasytoremember.

2.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby　　　.　

A.presentingresearchfindings

B.sett

ingdowngeneralrules

C.makingacomparison

D.usingexamples

3.Accordingtotheauthor,beingabletousemultiplicationtablesis　　　.　

A.aresultofoverlearning

B.aspecialcaseofcramming

C.askilltodealwithmathproblems

D.abasicsteptowardsadvancedstudies

4.Whatistheauthor’sopiniononcramming?

A.Itleadstofailureincollegeexams.

B.It’shelpfulonlyinalimitedway.

C.It’spossibletoresultinpoormemory.

D.Itincreasesstudents’lear

ninginterest.

【参考答案】35.ADAB　　

较难题目特训：

介绍说明类-----36

Humpbackwhales

Humpbackwhalesaresometimescalledperformersoftheocean.Thisisbecausetheycanmakeimpressivemovementswhentheydive.Thename“humpback”,whichisthecommonnameforthiswhale,referstothetypicalcurveshapethewhale’sbackformsasitdives.

Sometimesthehumpbackwilldivewithafantasticmovementknownasabreach.Duringbreachingthewhaleusesitspowerfultailflukestoliftnearlytwo-thirdsofitsbodynotofthewaterinagiantleap.Abreachmightalsoincludeasidewaystwistwithfinsstretchedoutlikewings,asthewhalereachestheheightofthebreach.

Ahumpbackwhalebreathesairatthesurfaceofthewaterthroughtwoblowholeswhichareloca

tednearthetopofhead.Itblowsadoublestreamofwaterthatcanriseupto4metersabovethewater.

Thehumpbackhasasmalldorsalfinlocatedtowardsthetailflukesabouttwo-thirdsofthewaydownitsback.Otherdistinguishingfeaturesincludelargepectoralfins,whichmaybeuptoathirdofthebodylength,anduniqueblackandwhitespotsontheundersideofthetailflukes.Thesemarkingsarelikefingerprints:

　notwoarethesame.

Humpbackwhalesliveinlargegroups.Theycommunicatewitheachotherthroughcomplex“songs”.

QuickFacts

Size:

14m—18minlength;

30—50tonsinweight

Living

environment:

Openoceanandshallowcoastlinewaters

Migration:

Fromwarmtropical（热带的）waters,wheretheybreed,tocoldpolarwaters,wheretheyeat

Diet:

Shellfish,plantsandfishofsmallsize

Hunting:

Sometimesingroups,inwhichseveralwhalesformacircleunderthewater,blowingbubblesthatforma“net”aroundaschooloffish.Thefisharethenforceduptothesurfaceinaconcentratedmass.

Current

state:

Endangered:

　itisestimatedthatthereareabout5000—7500humpbackwhalesworldwide.

1.AccordingtoQuickFacts,ahumpbackwhale　　　.　

A.cannotsurviveinwatersneartheshore

B.doesn’tliveinthesamewatersallthetime

C.livesmainlyonunderwaterplants

D.preferstoworkalonewhenhuntingfood

2.Tomakeabreach,ahumpbackwhalemust　　　.　

A.useitstailflukestoleapoutofthewater

B.twistitsbodysidewaystojumphigh

C.blowtwostreamsofwater

D.communicatewithagroupofhumpbacks

3.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthatahumpbackwhale　　　.　

A.hasitsuniquemarkingsonitstailflukes

B.hasblackandwhitefingerprints

C.getsitsnamefromthewayithunts

D.isagreatperformerduetoitssongs

【参考答案】36.1-3BAA　　

阅读理解---------

Untilthetwentiethcenturycigaretteswerenotanimportantthreattopublichealth.Menusedtobaccomainlyintheformofcigars.Theychewedtobacco,pipedtobacco,andsnuffed.Mostwomendidnotusetobaccoatall.

Thecigaretteindustrybeganin1870swiththedevelopmentofthecigarettemanufacturingmachine.Thismadeitpossibletoproducegreatnumbersofcigarettesveryquickly,anditreducedtheprice.

Todaycigarettesmokingisawidespreadhabit.Aboutforty-threepercentoftheadultmenandthirty-onepercentoftheadultwomenintheUnitedStatessmokecigarettesregularly.Itisencouragingtonote,however,thatmillionsofpeoplehavequitsmoking.Seventy-fivepercentofthemalepopulationandforty-sixpercentofthefemalepopulationhavesmokedcigarettesforsometime

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